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1.
为了探寻女子羽毛球运动员后场击球后单脚落地对膝关节前十字韧带损伤的影响,通过比较正手、反手场区头顶击球单脚落地时躯干加速度及运动变量的差异,寻求运动风险的变量因素。10名优秀女子羽毛球运动员穿戴三维加速计进行单打比赛,使用同步摄像机记录产生超过4g加速度的时刻,分析了加速度>4g时着陆点躯干倾斜角和髋关节外展角。结果显示:在头顶击球过程中,正手场区和反手场区的躯干侧弯及躯干加速度存在差异,反手区头顶击球时横向加速度大于正手区(P<0.05,es=0.706);反手场区单脚落地时躯干倾斜角(24°±7°)大于正手侧(17°±13°);正反手两侧躯干倾斜角均大于先前报道的受伤角度,反手侧的髋外展角(23°±11°)大于正手侧的髋外展角(-1°±8°);反手场区的3个轴的加速度与躯干侧弯、髋外展角度均呈显著相关性。反手场区头顶击球后,单脚落地姿势与前交叉韧带损伤的落地姿势相似,反手侧躯干过度侧弯和高风险落地姿势可能与羽毛球比赛中膝关节前十字韧带损伤有关。  相似文献   

2.
The purpose of this study was to compare the knee extensor demands and low back injury risks of the front and back squat exercises. Highly strength-trained college-aged males (n = 8), who performed each type of squat (Load = 75% of front squat one repetition maximum), were filmed (50 fps) from the sagittal view. The body was modeled as a five link system. Film data were digitized and reduced through Newtonian mechanics to obtain joint forces and muscle moments. Mean and individual subject data results were examined. The maximum knee extensor moment comparison indicated similar knee extensor demands, so either squat exercise could be used to develop knee extensor strength. Both exercises had similar low back injury risks for four subjects, but sizable maximum trunk extensor moment and maximum lumbar compressive and shear force differences existed between the squat types for the other subjects. The latter data revealed that with the influence of trunk inclination either exercise had the greatest low back injury risk (i.e., with greater trunk inclination: greater trunk extensor demands and lumbar shear forces, but smaller lumbar compressive forces). For these four subjects low back injury risk was influenced more by trunk inclination than squat exercise type.  相似文献   

3.
ABSTRACT

Field-based screening methods have a limited capacity to identify high-risk postures during netball-specific landings associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This study determined the biomechanical relationship between a single-leg squat and netball-specific leap landing, to examine the utility of including a single-leg squat within netball-specific ACL injury risk screening. Thirty-two female netballers performed single-leg squat and netball-specific leap landing tasks, during which three-dimensional (3D) kinematic/kinetic data were collected. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping examined relationships between kinematics from the single-leg squat, and the 3D joint rotation and moment data from leap landings. Participants displaying reduced hip external rotation, reduced knee flexion, and greater knee abduction and knee internal rotation angles during the single-leg squat exhibited these same biomechanical characteristics during the leap landing (p < 0.001). Greater ankle dorsiflexion during the single-leg squat was associated with greater knee flexion during landing (p < 0.001). Ankle eversion during the single-leg squat was associated with frontal and transverse plane knee biomechanics during landing (p < 0.001). Biomechanics from the single-leg squat were associated with landing strategies linked to ACL loading or injury risk, and thus may be a useful movement screen for identifying netball players who exhibit biomechanical deficits during landing.  相似文献   

4.
The aim of the present study was to compare kinetically the roles of the lower extremities in generating trunk rotation in the tennis one-handed and two-handed backhand strokes. Fourteen male collegiate tennis players, seven with a preference for the one- and seven with a preference for the two-handed technique, were recruited as participants. The motion of each backhand stroke was filmed using two high-speed cine-cameras, and the ground reaction forces on the feet were measured separately using two force platforms to determine the joint moments and joint reaction forces at the hip, knee and ankle joints. A significant difference in hip joint moments between the two types of stroke was found in the phase from the start of forward rotation of the pelvis to the start of racket forward movement. For trunk rotation, the one-handed backhand players exerted a large joint moment in the front leg, whereas the two-handed backhand players exerted a large joint moment in the back leg. The exertion of a large hip joint moment in the latter stroke was comparable with the exertion in a forehand stroke reported previously.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of the present study was to compare kinetically the roles of the lower extremities in generating trunk rotation in the tennis one-handed and two-handed backhand strokes. Fourteen male collegiate tennis players, seven with a preference for the one- and seven with a preference for the two-handed technique, were recruited as participants. The motion of each backhand stroke was filmed using two high-speed cine-cameras, and the ground reaction forces on the feet were measured separately using two force platforms to determine the joint moments and joint reaction forces at the hip, knee and ankle joints. A significant difference in hip joint moments between the two types of stroke was found in the phase from the start of forward rotation of the pelvis to the start of racket forward movement. For trunk rotation, the one-handed backhand players exerted a large joint moment in the front leg, whereas the two-handed backhand players exerted a large joint moment in the back leg. The exertion of a large hip joint moment in the latter stroke was comparable with the exertion in a forehand stroke reported previously.  相似文献   

6.
Although most ACL injury prevention programmes encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing, it remains unknown how this technique influences tibiofemoral joint forces. We examined whether a landing strategy utilising greater hip and knee flexion decreases tibiofemoral anterior shear and compression. Twelve healthy women (25.9 ± 3.5 years) performed a drop-jump task before and after a training session (10–15 min) that emphasised greater hip and knee flexion. Peak tibiofemoral anterior shear and compressive forces were calculated using an electromyography (EMG)-driven knee model that incorporated joint kinematics, EMG and participant-specific muscle volumes and patella tendon orientation measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants demonstrated a decrease in peak anterior tibial shear forces (11.1 ± 3.3 vs. 9.6 ± 2.7 N · kg?1; P = 0.008) and peak tibiofemoral compressive forces (68.4 ± 7.6 vs. 62.0 ± 5.5 N · kg?1; P = 0.015) post-training. The decreased peak anterior tibial shear was accompanied by a decrease in the quadriceps anterior shear force, while the decreased peak compressive force was accompanied by decreased ground reaction force and hamstring forces. Our data provide justification for injury prevention programmes that encourage greater hip and knee flexion during landing to reduce tibiofemoral joint loading.  相似文献   

7.
Female athletes are considered to exhibit knee and trunk motion that is characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo motion of the trunk and knee during a cutting manoeuvre and determine the relationship between them. All participants (10 male and 10 female college athletes) performed a shuttle run cutting task with the left limb. Trunk inclination (forward and lateral) and knee joint angles (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external tibial rotation) were calculated. Differences between the sexes and associations between knee motion and trunk inclination were examined. An increase in trunk forward inclination was strongly correlated with an increase in knee flexion angle and moderately correlated with a decrease in the excursion of internal tibial rotation. An increase in right trunk lateral inclination was moderately correlated with an increase in excursion of internal tibial rotation. The results also showed differences between the sexes in trunk forward inclination, lateral inclination, and knee flexion angle, but no such differences in knee abduction or internal tibial rotation. Trunk inclination is related to knee flexion and excursion of internal tibial rotation. Female athletes demonstrate a low trunk forward inclination and knee flexion angle, a posture that resembles that of ACL injury.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Female athletes are considered to exhibit knee and trunk motion that is characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The aim of this study was to examine the in vivo motion of the trunk and knee during a cutting manoeuvre and determine the relationship between them. All participants (10 male and 10 female college athletes) performed a shuttle run cutting task with the left limb. Trunk inclination (forward and lateral) and knee joint angles (flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external tibial rotation) were calculated. Differences between the sexes and associations between knee motion and trunk inclination were examined. An increase in trunk forward inclination was strongly correlated with an increase in knee flexion angle and moderately correlated with a decrease in the excursion of internal tibial rotation. An increase in right trunk lateral inclination was moderately correlated with an increase in excursion of internal tibial rotation. The results also showed differences between the sexes in trunk forward inclination, lateral inclination, and knee flexion angle, but no such differences in knee abduction or internal tibial rotation. Trunk inclination is related to knee flexion and excursion of internal tibial rotation. Female athletes demonstrate a low trunk forward inclination and knee flexion angle, a posture that resembles that of ACL injury.  相似文献   

9.
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, during ski-landing, is caused by excessive knee joint forces and kinematics, like anterior tibial translation, internal tibial rotation, and valgus rotation. It is not well understood how these forces/kinematics are directly related to ski-landing impact. In the present study, we applied simulated ski-landing impact to knee specimens, and examined joint force/kinematic responses and their correlations with impact force. Ten human cadaveric knees were subjected to axial impact loading at 70° of flexion to simulate ski-landing impact. Impact was repeated with incremental magnitude until ACL failure. Axial impact forces, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral tibial forces were measured using a tri-axial load cell. Anterior-posterior tibial translation, internal-external tibial rotation, and valgus-varus rotation were determined using a motion-capture system. We found positive correlations of axial impact force with anterior tibial force, medial tibial force, anterior tibial translation, internal tibial rotation, and valgus joint rotation. Axial impact forces were more strongly correlated with anterior tibial forces (R(2) = 0.937 ± 0.050), anterior tibial translation (R(2) = 0.916 ± 0.059), and internal tibial rotation (R(2) = 0.831 ± 0.141) than medial tibial force (R(2) = 0.677 ± 0.193) and valgus joint rotation (R(2) = 0.630+0.271). During ski-landing, these joint forces/kinematics can synergistically act to increase ACL injury risk, whereby the failure mechanism would be dominated by anterior tibial forces, anterior tibial translation, and internal tibial rotation.  相似文献   

10.
In lateral reactive movements, core stability may influence knee and hip joint kinematics and kinetics. Insufficient core stabilisation is discussed as a major risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Due to the higher probability of ACL injuries in women, this study concentrates on how gender influences trunk, pelvis and leg kinematics during lateral reactive jumps (LRJs). Perturbations were investigated in 12 men and 12 women performing LRJs under three different landing conditions: a movable landing platform was programmed to slide, resist or counteract upon landing. Potential group effects on three-dimensional trunk, pelvic, hip and knee kinematics were analysed for initial contact (IC) and the time of peak pelvic medial tilt (PPT). Regardless of landing conditions, the joint excursions in the entire lower limb joints were gender-specific. Women exhibited higher trunk left axial rotation at PPT (women: 4.0 ± 7.5°, men: ?3.1 ± 8.2°; p = 0.011) and higher hip external rotation at both IC and PPT (p < 0.01). But women demonstrated higher knee abduction compared to men. Men demonstrated more medial pelvic tilt at IC and especially PPT (men: –5.8 ± 4.9°, women: 0.3 ± 6.3°; p = 0.015). Strategies for maintaining trunk, pelvis and lower limb alignment during lateral reactive movements were gender-specific; the trunk and hip rotations displayed by the women were associated with the higher knee abduction amplitudes and therefore might reflect a movement strategy which is associated with higher injury risk. However, training interventions are needed to fully understand how gender-specific core stability strategies are related to performance and knee injury.  相似文献   

11.
采用自主研发的摔跤滚桥测力系统结合定点摄像技术和表面肌电采集技术,对10名男子古典式摔跤一级运动员滚桥技术的动力学、运动学、表面肌电特征进行分析。结果显示:①滚桥技术的力量峰值出现在69°,运动员的滚桥技术峰值扭矩可达自身体质量的(2.11±0.64)倍。②右腹外斜肌和右臀大肌的肌肉激活持续时间最长,分别达5.83 s和5.94 s。③右股直肌、右腹外斜肌、右臀大肌分别在0~90°、0~120°、0~180°范围内做功水平显著高于对侧,左背阔肌在0~30°和120~180°范围内做功水平高于对侧。提示:①在滚桥技术初期,假人滚动的力量主要由双腿蹬伸迅速过渡到右腿侧向蹬伸用力、躯干右旋体位下左旋用力、左臂随躯干左旋方向提拉假人用力构成。②30°后,假人滚动的力量主要由右腿髋、膝关节伸展肌群和躯干左旋肌群收缩用力构成,在约69°时呈现滚桥技术峰值力量体位,此后滚桥力量持续减小。③120°后,假人滚动的力量主要由左肩伸展的拉动假人动作和右髋伸展的挺髋动作用力构成。  相似文献   

12.
PurposeTo determine the effect of unanticipated mid-flight medial-lateral external perturbation of the upper or lower trunk on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading variables during jump-landings.MethodsThirty-two participants performed double-leg vertical jump-landings while bilateral kinematics and kinetics were collected under 6 conditions (upper or lower trunk perturbation locations; no, left, or right perturbation directions). Two customized catapult apparatuses were created to apply pushing perturbation to participants near the maximal jump height.ResultsThe ball contacted participants near the center of mass for the lower-trunk conditions and approximately 23 cm above the center of mass for the upper-trunk conditions. Under upper-trunk perturbation, the contralateral leg demonstrated significantly smaller knee flexion angles at initial contact and greater peak knee abduction angles, peak vertical ground reaction forces, peak knee extension moments, and peak knee adduction moments compared to other legs among all conditions. Under lower-trunk perturbation, the contralateral leg showed significantly smaller knee flexion angles at initial contact and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and peak knee extension moments compared to legs in the no-perturbation conditions.ConclusionMid-flight external trunk pushing perturbation increased ACL loading variables for the leg contralateral to the perturbation. The upper-trunk perturbation resulted in greater changes in ACL loading variables compared to the lower-trunk perturbation, likely due to trunk and ipsilateral leg rotation and more laterally located center of mass relative to the contralateral leg. These findings may help us understand the mechanisms of indirect-contact ACL injuries and develop jump-landing training strategies under mid-flight trunk perturbation to better prevent ACL injury.  相似文献   

13.
运用表面肌电测试仪器,对部分短跑运动员递增负荷下全蹲训练进行测试,对所测表面肌电现象进行分析。测试结果:随着负荷的递增,股二头肌的IEMG随着负荷的递增而逐步增加,臀中肌、臀大肌IEMG、IEMG/S和RMS随负荷的增加而增大。股二头肌、臀中肌、臀大肌随着负荷的递增而最大振幅也逐步增大,振幅最大时的膝关节角度范围分别为:88.94~106.33°,101.345~121.667°,88.779~101.591°;平均角度分别为99.77°,113.157°,93.917°。  相似文献   

14.
The purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic patterns that maximized the vertical force produced during the water polo eggbeater kick. Twelve water polo players were tested executing the eggbeater kick with the trunk aligned vertically and with the upper limbs above water while trying to maintain as high a position as possible out of the water for nine eggbeater kick cycles. Lower limb joint angular kinematics, pitch angles and speed of the feet were calculated. The vertical force produced during the eggbeater kick cycle was calculated using inverse dynamics for the independent lower body segments and combined upper body segments, and a participant-specific second-degree regression equation for the weight and buoyancy contributions. Vertical force normalized to body weight was associated with hip flexion (average, r = 0.691; maximum, r = 0.791; range of motion, r = 0.710), hip abduction (maximum, r = 0.654), knee flexion (average, r = 0.716; minimum, r = 0.653) and knee flexion-extension angular velocity (r = 0.758). Effective orientation of the hips resulted in fast horizontal motion of the feet with positive pitch angles. Vertical motion of the feet was negatively associated with vertical force. A multiple regression model comprising the non-collinear variables of maximum hip abduction, hip flexion range of motion and knee flexion angular velocity accounted for 81% of the variance in normalized vertical force. For high performance in the water polo, eggbeater kick players should execute fast horizontal motion with the feet by having large abduction and flexion of the hips, and fast extension and flexion of the knees.  相似文献   

15.
膝关节是人体负重和运动的主要关节,前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤是膝关节最常见运动损伤之一,而健美操运动也是造成膝关节前交叉韧带损伤的项目之一,本文通过运用文献综述的方法,广泛收集有关膝关节ACL损伤的基本理论及防治知识,通过前交叉韧带的生理解剖结构,并结合健美操项目的运动特点来分析造成前交叉韧带一度损伤的原因及根据原因提出预防措施,针对前交叉韧带一度损伤的早、中、晚三期的病理演变特征提出康复方案,对以后前交叉韧带一度损伤保守治疗的快速康复提供理论基础,并对以后健美操训练中前交叉韧带损伤的预防和韧带重建术后康复训练有重要意义。  相似文献   

16.
Although landing in a plantarflexion and inversion position is a well-known characteristic of lateral ankle sprains, the associated kinematics of the knee and hip is largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the changes in knee and hip kinematics during landings on an altered landing surface of combined plantarflexion and inversion. Participants performed five drop landings from 30 cm onto a trapdoor platform in three different conditions: flat landing surface, 25° inversion, or a combined 25° plantarflexion and 25° inversion. Kinematic data were collected using a seven camera motion capture system. A 2 × 3 (leg × surface) repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. The combined surface showed decreased knee and hip flexion range of motion (ROM) and increased knee abduction ROM (p < 0.05). The altered landing surface creates a stiff landing pattern where reductions in sagittal plane motion are transferred to the frontal plane, resulting in increased knee abduction. A stiff landing pattern is frequently related to increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. It may be beneficial for athletes at risk to train for alternate methods of increasing their sagittal plane motion of the knee and hip with active knee or trunk flexion.  相似文献   

17.
ABSTRACT

The purpose was to quantify the effects of mid-flight whole-body and trunk rotation on knee mechanics in a double-leg landing. Eighteen male and 20 female participants completed a jump-landing-jump task in five conditions: no rotation, testing leg ipsilateral or contralateral (WBRC) to the whole-body rotation direction, and testing leg ipsilateral (TRI) or contralateral to the trunk rotation direction. The WBRC and TRI conditions demonstrated decreased knee flexion and increased knee abduction angles at initial contact (2.6 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3) and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and knee adduction moments during the 100 ms after landing (1.7 > Cohen’s dz > 0.3). The TRI condition also showed the greatest knee internal rotation angles at initial contact and peak knee abduction and internal rotation angles and peak knee extension moments during the 100 ms after landing (2.0 > Cohen’s dz > 0.5). Whole-body rotation increased contralateral knee loading because of its primary role in decelerating medial-lateral velocities. Trunk rotation resulted in the greatest knee loading for the ipsilateral knee due to weight shifting and mechanical coupling between the trunk and lower extremities. These findings may help understand altered trunk motion in anterior cruciate ligament injuries.  相似文献   

18.
This study involved a systematic video analysis of 16 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries sustained by elite-level netball players during televised games in order to describe the game situation, the movement patterns involved, the player’s behaviour, and a potential injury mechanism. Eight of the ACL injuries were classified as “indirect contact” and eight as “non-contact”. Two common scenarios were identified. In Scenario A the player was jumping to receive or intercept a pass and whilst competing for the ball experienced a perturbation in the air. As a result the player’s landing was unbalanced with loading occurring predominantly on the knee of the injured side. In Scenario B the player was generally in a good position at ground contact, but then noticeably altered the alignment of the trunk before the landing was completed. This involved rotating and laterally flexing the trunk without altering the alignment of the feet. Apparent knee valgus collapse on the knee of the injured side was observed in 3/6 Scenario A cases and 5/6 Scenario B cases. Players may benefit from landing training programmes that incorporate tasks that use a ball and include decision-making components or require players to learn to cope with being unbalanced.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in badminton commonly occur during single-leg landing after an overhead stroke in the backhand-side court. This study compared differences in trunk acceleration and kinematic variables during single-leg landing in the forehand- and backhand-side courts after an overhead stroke. Eighteen female junior badminton players performed two singles games while wearing a tri-axial accelerometer. The moment that over 4g of resultant acceleration was generated was determined using synchronised video cameras. Trunk lateral inclination and hip abduction angles at the point of landing with over 4g of resultant acceleration were analysed. Mediolateral acceleration in the backhand-side court was greater than that in the opposite-side court (p < 0.001, ES = 0.840). Both trunk lateral angles were larger than those previously reported in injured participants and the hip abduction angle in the backhand-side court was larger than that in the forehand-side court (p < 0.001, ES = 2.357). The lateral and vertical acceleration in the backhand-side court showed moderate-to-strong correlations with the trunk and hip angles. The mediolateral physical demand and high-risk posture in the backhand-side court may be associated with a higher incidence of knee injuries during badminton games.  相似文献   

20.
Increased lateral trunk bending to the injured side has been observed when ACL injuries occur. The purpose was to quantify the effect of mid-flight lateral trunk bending on center of mass (COM) positions and subsequent landing mechanics during a jump-landing task. Forty-one recreational athletes performed a jump-landing task with or without mid-flight lateral trunk bending. When the left and right trunk bending conditions were compared with the no trunk bending condition, participants moved the COM of the upper body to the bending direction, while the COM of the pelvis, ipsilateral leg, and contralateral leg moved away from the bending direction relative to the whole body COM. Participants demonstrated increased peak vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) and knee valgus and internal rotation angles at peak VGRF for the ipsilateral leg, but decreased peak VGRF and knee internal rotation angles at peak VGRF and increased knee varus angles at peak VGRF for the contralateral leg. Mid-flight lateral trunk resulted in an asymmetric landing pattern associated with increased ACL loading for the ipsilateral leg. The findings may help to understand altered trunk motion during ACL injury events and the discrepancy in ACL injuries related to limb dominance in badminton and volleyball.  相似文献   

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