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1.
本文分析了我国自十八、十九世纪至今国家创新系统的演进过程。文中将这一演进过程分之为五个阶段:第一阶段为十八世纪到十九世纪上半叶;第二阶段为晚清政府时期(1860-1911);第三阶段是中华民国时期(1912-1949);第四阶段为新中国建国到改革开放前(1949-1978);第五阶段是改革开放后至今(1978-)。本文分别就这五个阶段,分析了国家创新系统演变的整体经济环境,各创新主体的发展状况及相关制度的影响,各创新主体间的相互作用及相关制度建设。最后,初步归纳了我国国家创新系统的演进轨迹。本文上篇主要分析了前三个阶段,即从十八、十九世纪到中华民国时期国家创新系统的历史演进情况。 相似文献
2.
本文分析了当代印度建国至今国家创新系统的演进过程。文中将这一演进过程分之为两个时间段,即独立建国到经济体制改革时期(1947-1991),以及上世纪90年代初期至今的经济体制改革时期(1991-)。在这两个时间段,印度的国家创新系统皆发生了重大变化。本文分别就这两个阶段,分析了国家创新系统演变的整体经济环境,各创新主体的发展状况及相关制度的影响,各创新主体间的相互作用及相关制定建设,以及国家创新体系的相关制度建设。最后,初步归纳了印度国家创新系统的演进轨迹。其中,本文上篇主要分析了当代印度独立建国到经济体制改革时期(1947-1991)国家创新系统的历史演进情况。 相似文献
3.
本文回顾、分析了当代印度建国至今国家创新系统的历史演进过程。文中将这一演进过程分为两个时间段,即建国到经济体制改革时期(1947-1991)以及九十年代初期至今的经济体制改革时期(1991-)。在这两个时间段里,印度的国家创新系统皆发生了重大变化。本文分别就这两个阶段分析国家创新系统演变的整体经济环境,各创新主体的发展状况及相关制度的影响,各创新主体间的相互作用及相关制定建设,以及国家创新体系的相关制度建设。最后,初步归纳了印度国家创新系统的演进轨迹。本文下篇主要分析了上世纪90年代初期至今印度国家创新系统的历史演进情况。 相似文献
4.
中国高等学校自然科学学报50年 总被引：17，自引：7，他引：10
将1949年10月至1999年50年间的中国高等学校自然科学学报的发展历史分为三个阶段,即建国初17年(1949-10～1966-04),"文革"中和改革开放前12年(1966-06～1978-11),改革开放20年以来(1978-12～1999).对此期间大学自然科学报创刊、复刊、学术成就、经验教训、相关学术团体、编辑队伍、编辑学术研究和学报社会地位及国际影响等作了全程考察和论述. 相似文献
5.
韩国国家创新体系的历史演变 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文分析了韩国国家创新系统的历史演进过程。文中将这一演进过程分之为四个时间段进行考察,即上世纪60年代、70年代、90年代,以及90年代至今。在这四个时间段中,韩国的国家创新系统发生了重大变化。文中分别就这四个阶段,分析了韩国国家创新系统演变的整体经济环境,各创新主体的发展状况及相关制度的影响,各创新主体间的相互作用。 相似文献
6.
工业革命最先发生在英国，其之创新体系的演化对于我国有重要的借鉴意义。本文将英国国家创新体系的演进过程分为三个时间段，即工业革命—19世纪末、19世纪末到二战前，以及二战后至今。在这三个时间段中，英国的国家创新系统发生了一系列变化。文中分别就这三个阶段，分析了英国国家创新系统演变的整体经济环境，各创新主体的发展状况及相关制度及其建设的影响，以及各创新主体之间的相互关系与作用。 相似文献
7.
本文分析了日本国家创新系统的演进过程。文中将日本国家创新体系的演变归纳为四个时期,即德川时代是日本科学技术的孕育期(1603-1867),明治时代至二战前是日本国家创新系统的构建期(1868-1945),战后至七十年度末是日本国家创新系统的重建与发展期(1945-1979),八十年代后是日本国家的创新系统的调整与完善期(1980-)。本篇主要分析德川时代、以及明治时代至二战前两个阶段日本国家创新系统的演变情况。 相似文献
8.
一、我国建国以来汇率制度的演变历程1．计划经济时期(1949-1978)在该时期,人民币汇率制度的演变大体可以划分为三个阶段：第一阶段是国民经济恢复时期(1949-1952年底)。人民币对美元的汇价于1949年1月18日首先在天津挂牌。这一阶段,人民币汇率的制 相似文献
9.
随着国民经济和社会信息化的发展,农业和农村信息资源开发利用越来越受到重视。回顾我国农业和农村信息资源开发利用法规政策建设的历程,对推动农业和农村信息资源开发利用的广度和深度具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文以建国后国务院和农业主管部门等颁布的信息资源开发利用法规政策为研究对象,将农业和农村信息资源开发利用法规政策的演进划分为4个阶段:萌芽阶段(1949-1978年)、初步发展阶段(1979-1994年)、全面展开阶段(1995-2004年)、高度重视阶段(2004年-现在),总结各个阶段的成效和特点,分析农业和农村信息资源开发利用法规政策演进的动力因素和阻力因素。 相似文献
10.
进一步充实、完善国家创新体系的总体要求,亟需加强创新系统相关理论研究.采用理论研究和对比研究的方法,分析创新系统理论的演进特征以及不同时期我国国家创新体系建设实践的阶段特征,探讨总结"主体-结构""活动-功能""系统-生态"三方面视角下国家创新体系建设的研究重点和政策着力点,并基于我国已进入高质量发展阶段和未来进入创新型国家前列、建成科技强国的部署要求,提出新时期我国国家创新体系进一步充实完善的四方面政策措施:政策导向从完善创新体系向形成创新生态转变;形成动态、繁荣的创新功能主体簇;促进创新要素和价值高效流动;形成支撑保护创新生态的制度和文化环境. 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Leah A. Lievrouw 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):83-96
The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests. 相似文献