共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jaymee R. Shell Shawn M. K. Robbins Philippe C. Dixon Philippe J. Renaud René A. Turcotte Tom Wu 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2017,16(3):313-324
The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for male and female ice hockey players. However, performance differences by athlete’s sex cannot be fully explained by physiological variables; hence, other factors such as skating technique warrant examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the body movement kinematics of ice hockey skating starts between elite male and female ice hockey participants. Male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) elite ice hockey players performed five forward skating start accelerations. An 18-camera motion capture system placed on the arena ice surface captured full-body kinematics during the first seven skating start steps within 15 meters. Males’ maximum skating speeds were greater than females. Skating technique sex differences were noted: in particular, females presented ~10° lower hip abduction throughout skating stance as well as ~10° greater knee extension at initial ice stance contact, conspicuously followed by a brief cessation in knee extension at the moment of ice contact, not evident in male skaters. Further study is warranted to explain why these skating technique differences exist in relation to factors such as differences in training, equipment, performance level, and anthropometrics. 相似文献
2.
当今世界国际速滑运动的竞争日趋激烈,速滑运动需要创新发展,从而提高竞争优势和技术水平。从分析速滑运动的创新内涵出发,指出速滑运动创新多层面的现实意义,其运作需要遵循绩效性、平衡性、实际性和人本性原则,提出优秀速滑教练员必须提高自身创新能力和结构,并根据实际情况综合利用技术内容和形式创新法、技术组合创新法、技术要素创新法、技术移植创新法等,并从理念、管理制度、外部环境和保障机制等方面合理构建策略体系。 相似文献
3.
陆地训练在花样滑冰旋转平衡稳定性和动作流畅延伸性的训练中有着自己不可替代的功能和作用,加强各关节肌群肌力的协调能力是花样滑冰冰、陆结合训练的目的。陆地与冰上训练相结合是培养花样滑冰运动员基本运动素质与机能的必要方法、手段,是提高花样滑冰运动员平衡能力的重要途径,陆地训练配合冰上练习可使运动员提高对正确身体姿势的感觉、发力肌群的控制能力、掌握专项技术技巧,采用冰、陆结合的训练方式适当地变换训练的环境和训练的内容,可以在心理上给运动员一个适当调节放松的空间,有利于消除精神疲劳和培养良好的意志品质。 相似文献
4.
目的:通过对我国优秀花样滑冰男子单人滑运动员的静态平衡能力进行测定,了解花样滑冰男单运动员静态平衡能力的基本特点,为训练和评定提供参考。方法:采用GOOD BALANCE平衡训练测试系统对6名国家花样滑冰队男子单人滑运动员的静态平衡指标进行测定和分析。结果:男子单人滑运动员左足站立睁眼和闭眼的速度矩、x轴向移动距离的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其他指标没有显著性差异。结论:1)我国优秀花样滑冰男子单人滑运动员的左右侧平衡能力没有差异,右侧平衡能力有好于左侧平衡能力的趋势;2)我国优秀花样滑冰男子单人滑运动员的平衡调节中视觉影响较大。 相似文献
5.
Aleksandra R. Budarick Jaymee R. Shell Shawn M. K. Robbins Tom Wu Philippe J. Renaud David J. Pearsall 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(5):601-617
ABSTRACT The skating acceleration to maximal speed transition (sprint) is an essential skill that involves substantial lower body strength and effective propulsion technique. Coaches and athletes strive to understand this optimal combination to improve performance and reduce injury risk. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare body centre of mass and lower body kinematic profiles from static start to maximal speed of high calibre male and female ice hockey players on the ice surface. Overall, male and female skaters showed similar centre of mass trajectories, though magnitudes differed. The key performance difference was the male’s greater peak forward skating speed (8.96 ± 0.44 m/s vs the females’ 8.02 ± 0.36 m/s, p < 0.001), which was strongly correlated to peak leg strength (R 2 = 0.81). Males generated greater forward acceleration during the initial accelerative steps, but thereafter, both sexes had similar stride-by-stride accelerations up to maximal speed. In terms of technique, males demonstrated greater hip abduction (p = 0.006) and knee flexion (p = 0.026) from ice contact to push off throughout the trials. For coaches and athletes, these findings underscore the importance of leg strength and widely planted running steps during the initial skating technique to achieve maximal skating speed over a 30 m distance. 相似文献
6.
Philippe J. Renaud Shawn M. K. Robbins Philippe C. Dixon Jaymee R. Shell René A. Turcotte David J. Pearsall 《Sports Engineering》2017,20(4):255-266
The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for ice hockey players, yet extremely challenging given the low traction of the ice surface. The technique for maximum skating acceleration of the body is not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate kinematic ice hockey skating start movement technique in relation to a skater’s skill level. A 10-camera motion capture system placed on the ice surface recorded “hybrid-V” skate start movement patterns of high and low calibre male ice hockey players (n = 7, 8, respectively). Participants’ lower body kinematics and estimated body centre of mass (CoM) movement during the first four steps were calculated. Both skate groups had similar lower body strength profiles, yet high calibre skaters achieved greater velocity; skating technique differences most likely explained the performance differences between the groups. Unlike over ground sprint start technique, skating starts showed greater concurrent hip abduction, external rotation and extension, presumably for ideal blade-to-ice push-off orientation for propulsion. Initial analysis revealed similar hip, knee and ankle joint gross movement patterns across skaters, however, further scrutiny of the data revealed that high calibre skaters achieved greater vertical CoM acceleration during each step that in turn allowed greater horizontal traction, forward propulsion, lower double-support times and, accordingly, faster starts with higher stride rates. 相似文献
7.
Andrew Hext Ben Heller John Kelley Simon Goodwill 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(5):503-510
In short track speed skating, the relay exchange provides an additional strategic component to races by allowing a team to change the skater involved in the pack race. Typically executed every 1½ laps, it is the belief of skaters and coaches that during this period of the race, time can be gained or lost due to the execution of the relay exchange. As such, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of the relay exchange on a team’s progression through a 5000?m relay race. Using data collected from three World Cup relay events during the 2012–2013 season, the time taken to complete the straight for the scenarios with and without the relay exchange were compared at different skating speeds for the corner exit prior to the straight. Overall, the influence of the relay exchange was found to be dependent on this corner exit speed. At slower corner exit speeds (12.01–13.5?m/s), relay exchange straight times were significantly faster than the free skating scenario (P?<?0.01). While at faster corner exit speeds (14.01–15?m/s), straight times were significantly slower (P?<?0.001). The findings of this study suggest that the current norm of executing relay exchanges every 1½ laps may not be optimal. Instead, varying the frequency of relay exchange execution throughout the race could allow: (1) time to be gained relative to other teams; and (2) facilitate other race strategies by providing an improved opportunity to overtake. 相似文献
8.
高校冬季体育教学改革对策 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了提高普通高校冰上课教学效果,根据多年的教学实践经验及调查研究,总结出目前北方普通高校冬季冰上课教学中存在课程设置项目单一、教学内容、教学方法缺乏创新、学生冰雪知识结构水平缺乏,满意度不高、缺少人文精神与快乐体育的理念等现状问题,提出拓宽冰雪体育项目,深化教学设置改革,激发学生对冰上课的兴趣,合理安排冰上课教学中的运动负荷、心理负荷与具体训练方法,增加冰上课及相关体育知识的教学,弘扬人文精神,注重对学生人格的培养等手段和方法,为提高普通高校冰上课教学质量提高参考。 相似文献
9.
为提高冬季体育教学效果,丰富和发展冰上课教学方法,探讨＂先教后学＂的教学方法应用到冰上课教学的可行性。认为＂先教后学＂教学模式具有理论基础,教学方法的优点突出,能实现多维培养学生能力与品质、终身体育的意识的培养、任课体育教师的知识更新与多种教学思想的融合等教学目标,具有应用到冰上课教学的可行性。设计出开展速度轮滑课对冰上滑行技术的学习产生正的技术迁移,利用校园网开展多媒体教学实现先学,突出技术关键环节练习建立正确的技术动力定型,教师的后教控制与教学评价等＂先学后教＂教学方法在冰上课的应用实施。 相似文献
10.
李涛 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2011,29(3):18-21
为提高大庆师范学院速滑课不同层次大学生学习速滑技术、理论及进行自我锻炼的能力。采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和实验对比法,将适应性教学法理论与方法应用于速滑课教学中。通过速滑教学实验表明,适应教学法可以满足不同层次滑冰水平学生的学习要求和自我锻炼的能力,有利于调动学生学习兴趣和积极性,是一种行之有效的教学方法。 相似文献
11.
Sport-specific resistance training, through limb loading, can be a complimentary training method to traditional resistance training by loading the working muscles during all phases of a specific movement. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of skating with an additional load on the skate, using a skate weight prototype, on kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation during the acceleration phase while skating on a synthetic ice surface. 10 male hockey skaters accelerated from rest (standing erect with knees slightly bent) under four non-randomized load conditions: baseline 1 (no weight), light (0.9 kg per skate), heavy (1.8 kg per skate), and baseline 2 (no weight). Skating with additional weight caused athletes to skate slower (p < 0.001; η2 = 0.551), and led to few changes in kinematics: hip sagittal range of motion (ROM) decreased (2.2°; p = 0.032; η2 = 0.274), hip transverse ROM decreased (3.4°; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.494), ankle sagittal ROM decreased (2.3°; p = 0.022; η2 = 0.295), and knee sagittal ROM increased (7.8°; p < 0.001, η2 = 0.761). Overall, weighted skates decreased skating velocity, but athletes maintained similar muscle activation profiles (magnitude and trends) with minor changes to their skating kinematics. 相似文献
12.
速度滑冰集体滑比赛中,战术应用是否得当直接关系到比赛成绩的好坏,研究速度滑冰集体滑项目战术的运用对提高我国速度滑冰集体滑运动水平具有重要意义。通过对齐齐哈尔速滑队3名队员在2008～2012年参加的速度滑冰集体滑比赛进行实例分析,归纳出速度滑冰集体滑比赛中起跑、领滑、尾随、换人、弯道换人和终点冲刺等情况下战术运用的特点;并总结出间歇训练法、重复训练法和持续训练法等战术训练的方法,为我国速度滑冰集体滑项目在2014年索契冬奥会创造辉煌成绩提供理论保障。 相似文献
13.
承受大赛压力的能力问题已严重影响着我国速滑运动员临场技术水平的正常发挥。温哥华冬奥会日趋临近,中国速度滑冰实现金牌零的突破的愿望越来越强烈,速滑运动员的压力也会随着时间的推移而增加。阐述了速滑运动员的压力表现、成因、调节特点、调节的原则和方法,认为与普通的压力调节不同,速滑运动员的压力调节必须适时地加压和减压,从进行外部施压和提高速滑运动员的内在抗压能力等多方面论述了速度滑冰运动员抗压力能力的培养,以期对速滑运动员积极备战温哥华冬奥会和速滑项目的可持续发展提供借鉴。 相似文献
14.
Corinne Story 《Sport in Society》2017,20(9):1223-1240
Young girls or young women with girlish figures now commonly enter into women’s elite figure skating. This ‘girlification’ can be partly attributed to the structural age rules, the rules that govern the age-specific training advancement in figure skating. The purpose of this research was to explore how the female elite Canadian singles figure skaters experienced the structural age rules during their careers. To examine the skaters’ experiences, 10 former elite Canadian women singles skaters were interviewed. A critical feminist lens was used to interpret the interviewees’ experiences with the structural age rules that might sustain domination of girls in the women’s event. 相似文献
15.
16.
目的：探讨负重深蹲练习与保加利亚蹲练习两种不同的下肢力量训练方式对冰球运动员专项移动能力的影响,并比较两种训练方式对提升冰球运动员滑行能力的差异。方法：将18名U16冰球运动员随机分为保加利亚蹲组和负重深蹲组,对其训练前后冰上30米滑行、冰上重复冲刺、8字滑行以及陆地30米跑、立定三级跳、侧跨跳、Y-Balance成绩变化进行测试。结果：两种下肢力量训练方式均可提高冰球运动员的冰上滑行能力、下肢爆发力及下肢平衡能力。在冰上滑行能力方面,保加利亚蹲组冰上重复冲刺能力提高优于负重深蹲组,具有显著性差异,冰上8字滑行速度两组间不存在显著性差异;在下肢爆发力方面,保加利亚蹲组30米冲刺跑成绩显著优于负重深蹲组。在下肢Y-Balance测试方面,两组不具有显著性差异。结论：保加利亚蹲与负重深蹲练习均可以显著提高男子U16冰球运动员的直线加速滑行能力,前者在提高重复冲刺能力方面显著优于手者,两种练习均可以提升男子U16冰球运动员的下肢爆发力与平衡能力。 相似文献
17.
随着我国冬季运动成绩的平稳上升,提高冬季项目的竞技水平显得尤为重要。运用文本分析法、文献资料法、数理统计法等方法,以刚刚结束的英国谢菲尔德短道速滑世锦赛为切入点,分析我国短道速滑目前的现状,认为短道速滑运动人口数量少,项目的普及率低;人才储备量不足,无法形成良好的衔接;运动员自信心不足,没有做到真正的＂走出去＂等是影响短道速滑竞技水平上升、成绩提高的主要原因。提出在经济方面强化政府补贴、公司赞助的举措;在群众基础方面,通过媒体宣传,提高短道速滑项目的普及率;在人才培养方面,重视和加强高水平后备人才培养;并从加强运动员的自信心的培养、利用非运动技术条件等多方面论述了短道速滑项目竞技水平与成绩提高的对策。 相似文献
18.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):893-901
AbstractThe capturing of movements by means of wearable sensors has become increasingly popular in order to obtain sport performance measures during training or competition. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of using body worn accelerometers to identify previous highlighted performance related biomechanical changes in terms of substantial differences across skill levels and skating phases. Twenty-two ice hockey players of different caliber were equipped with two 3D accelerometers, located on the skate and the waist, as they performed 30 m forward skating sprints on an ice rink. Two measures of the temporal stride characteristics (contact time and stride time) and one measure of the propulsive power (stride propulsion) of a skating stride were calculated and checked for discriminating effects across (i) skill levels and (ii) sprint phases as well as for their (iii) strength of association with the sprint performance (total sprint time). High caliber players showed an increased stride propulsion (+22%, P?<?0.05) and shorter contact time (?5%, P?<?0.05). All three analysed variables highlighted substantial biomechanical differences between the accelerative and constant velocity phases (P?<?0.05). Stride propulsion of acceleration strides primarily correlated to total sprint time (r?=??0.57, P?<?0.05). The results demonstrate the potential of accelerometers to assess skating technique elements such as contact time or elements characterizing the propulsive power such as center of mass acceleration, to gauge skating performance. Thus, the findings of this study might contribute to establishing wearable sensors for in-field ice hockey skating performance analysis. 相似文献
19.
P. Morrison D. J. Pearsall R. A. Turcotte K. Lockwood D. L. Montgomery 《Sports Engineering》2005,8(2):91-97
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of skate blade hollow on oxygen consumption during forward skating
on a treadmill. Varsity level female hockey players (n = 10, age = 21.7 years) performed skating tests at three blade hollows [0.25 in (6.35 mm), 0.50 in (12.7 mm), and 0.75 in
(19.05 mm)]. The subjects skated for four minutes at three submaximal velocities (12, 14 and 16 km h−1), separated by five minutes of passive recovery. In addition, a VO2max test was performed on the day that the subjects skated at the 0.50 in hollow. The VO2max test commenced at 14 km h−1 and increased by 1 km h−1 each minute until volitional exhaustion was achieved. Four variables were measured for each skating bout, volume of gas expired
(V
E), volume of oxygen consumed (VO
2), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in any of the four test variables (V
E, VO2, HR, RPE) across the three skate hollows. These results show that when skating on a treadmill at submaximal velocities, skate
blade hollow has no significant effect onV
E, VO2, HR or RPE. 相似文献
20.
我国速度滑冰运动员与世界优秀选手差距较大,从一定程度上暴露出我国在青少年后备力量培养方面的薄弱,青少年速滑运动员自身条件、基础训练的水平和科学性决定了能否多出人才,出优秀人才。认为青少年速滑运动员的心理能力、专项运动能力、文化知识水平、是影响其成长的自身因素,训练保障条件、竞赛制度及竞赛的公平性、家庭条件是影响其成长的环境因素,教练员的训练理念、多年训练计划的制定、训练过程的控制是影响其成长的训练因素。提出青少年速滑运动员主要应进行全面身体训练,结合专项、重视专门能力的培养和系统传授技术,加强科学文化知识的培养,打好发展基础：加强基层体校教练员的业务培训,做好教练员的训练理念的转变工作,建立合理的竞赛激励机制,以推动运动训练科学化与提高少年运动员的成材率。 相似文献