共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 625 毫秒
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目的应用立体适形放射治疗技术不同分割剂量治疗胰腺癌,观察其疗效和并发症。方法27例胰腺癌患者分两组进行立体适形放射治疗,两组病人病情相似,均用5个~8个共面或非共面适形固定野,A组13例:每天1次,每次2Gy~2.5Gy,每周共5次,总剂量60Gy~70Gy/35天~50天;B组14例:隔日1次,每次4Gy~8Gy,每周3次,总剂量40Gy~52Gy/14天~28天。结果A组:有胸背部疼痛患者88%明显缓解;放疗后6个月CT复查,肿瘤缩小25%以上者为53.8%;1年生存率为46.2%;B组:有胸背部疼痛患者85.7%明显缓解;放疗后6个月CT复查,肿瘤缩小25%以上者42.85%;1年生存率为35.7%。结论A组在胸背部疼痛缓解率、肿瘤缩小率及1年生存率略比B组高,经统计学处理,P>0.05,无统计学意义。常规分割和大分割立体适形两者放射治疗定位准确,治疗并发症少,能有效减轻患者疼痛,延长生存期。 相似文献
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目的评价丧失手术机会的中晚期胰腺癌患者实施三维适形精确放疗的意义。方法对15例中晚期胰腺癌患者实施三维适形精确放射治疗(3D-CRT)。90%剂量线包绕PTV,单次分割剂量4-8Gy,5-10次不等,隔日,平均DT为:38.9Gy。结果上腹痛缓解率为80%,黄疸缓解率为83%,体重增加者占35.7%,疗后一个月病灶CR PR为73.3%,受益指数为33.3%,平均生存时间为7个月。结论对不能手术切除的中晚期胰腺癌,行3D-CRT是一种有效的治疗方法,治疗时间短,缓解疼痛、黄疸等症状快,能明显提高患者的生存质量。 相似文献
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目的评价和比较三维适形放射治疗结合同步化疗与序贯治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)近期疗效和患者耐受性。方法42例局部晚期NSCLC患者随机分入同步治疗组和序贯治疗组。同步组放疗第1和第4周及放疗结束后行EP方案化疗(Vp16100mg,dl~5,DDP30mg/m2,dl~3),共6周期。序贯组予2周期EP方案化疗后常规放疗,放疗结束后继续完成4周期化疗。结果同步组和序贯组总有效率分别为85.7%和57.1%,有显著性差异。同步组局部控制率高于序贯组(P>0.05)。两组不良反应除骨髓抑制外无显著性差异。结论三维适形放射治疗结合同步化疗治疗局部晚期NSCLC近期疗效较好,毒性也有所增加,但能为绝大多数患者耐受。远期疗效有待进一步随访。 相似文献
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每逢"天公不作美"的时候,学校室外体育场地都有一定的积水,为了能在雨后顺利开展训练或比赛,笔者根据汽车刮水器的原理制作了场地推水器,希望能给大家带来方便,也期待提出更好的改良建议。一、制作材料及工具材料:钢片一块约20cm×160cm×0.2cm,钢管长度分别为270cm和两条22cm(2条直径约2cm),橡胶皮一片约为11cm×170cm(厚度约为0.5cm),小滑轮2个,螺丝。 相似文献
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目的探讨食管癌患者年龄、吻合位置与术后并发症发生率和死亡率的关系,以及新辅助化疗对食管癌手术切除率的影响。方法回顾性分析西安交通大学医学院第一医院肿瘤外科自1997年~2003年首诊收治、资料完整587例食管癌患者资料。结果不同年龄组手术切除率分别为91.2%、95.9%和97.7%(P>0.05);>70岁年龄组术后吻合口瘘发生率和术后死亡率均较其它组高(P<0.05)。胸膜顶部吻合口瘘发生率为16.67%,较其它位置吻合口瘘发生率明显高(颈部2.17%、弓上1.09%、弓后2.60%、弓下0),具有显著性差异(P=0.019)。III期食管癌患者行术前新辅助化疗组与未化疗组的手术切除率分别为96.92%和78.85%,具有显著差异(P<0.05),而术后吻合口瘘发生率和术后死亡率无明显差异(P=1.000)。结论术前新辅助化疗可提高食管癌手术的切除率并不增加术后并发症。年龄大并不完全是手术禁忌,高龄患者的手术应充分考虑患者的生理年龄。 相似文献
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《西安体育学院学报》2017,(3):288-294
基于北京市第3次群众体育调查数据,采用定序logistic回归模型分析了体育锻炼对北京市户籍居民健康自评的影响。研究表明:(1)参加体育锻炼对健康自评有正向影响,然而是否是体育人口与健康自评无显著关系。(2)拆分体育人口的3个要素后发现,体育锻炼的频度对健康自评具有显著作用,从每周锻炼1~2次起,直至增加到每天锻炼2次,健康自评均显著高于每周不足1次的居民,且每天锻炼2次的居民健康自评最好;每次锻炼的时间为0.5~1 h、1~1.5 h的居民健康自评均显著高于0.5 h以下居民,而1.5 h以上锻炼时间的居民与0.5 h以下居民无显著差异;锻炼的主观自评强度与健康自评结果呈负向关系。结果提示,保持每周不少于1~2次的多次锻炼,且每次控制在0.5~1.5 h的小强度锻炼更有益于健康。 相似文献
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正力量训练是提高跑速素质的重要因素,如何将力量转换成速度,需要一个较为复杂的过程,如果训练过程过于简单,训练效果就会大打折扣,现将力量训练转化成速度的训练方法介绍如下:一、训练内容的先后顺序1.下肢训练方法:大肌肉群力量训练方法,主要是半蹲,膝关节弯曲在90°以上,重量例如:男子150公斤,女子130公斤,重复次数在5~8次,时间在6~8秒时间之内,节奏上快、下慢,组间间歇4分钟,3组,然后第4组,快速上下连续练习,上下速度一样,8次左右,时间是不超过6~8秒,间歇4~5分钟,3组。 相似文献
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分析2018年全国竞走冠军赛男、女20 km竞走前8名运动员比赛过程中的速度变化特征,认为:男子20 km前4名运动员速度节奏表现出先增后减的趋势,后4名速度节奏表现为先轻度下降后略有加速的特点,但加速幅度较小;女子20 km前3名竞走运动员速度表现为先增后降再增加的趋势,第4~8名运动员速度变化幅度较大,呈现不断下降的特点,冠军运动员具有较强的速度维持能力和后程加速能力。 相似文献
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绞股蓝总皂苷对大鼠力竭运动后自由基代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 材料与方法1 .1 实验动物、分组及运动模型健康雄性 S.D大鼠 ,由湖北医科大学动物实验中心提供。体重 2 1 0～ 2 40 g,共 40只 ,随机分为 5组 :A组为安静对照组 ,B组为运动力竭组 ,其它 3组为绞股蓝总皂苷组 ,即 C组小剂量组、D组中剂量组、E组大剂量组 ,每组 8只。C、D、E组除每天自由进食饮水外 ,分别灌胃绞股蓝总皂苷 2 0 0 mg/kg、30 0 mg/kg、40 0 mg/kg,1次 /d,连续 7天。末次给药后 1 h开始实验 ,除A组外其它各组大鼠在长 1 0 0 cm、宽 5 0 cm、高 5 0 cm的玻璃游泳槽中游泳 ,水深 45 cm,水温( 2 5± 1 )℃。力竭标准按文献… 相似文献
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The establishment of new academic specialties is an intriguing research topic from a social history of science perspective. In this article we focus on the ‘scientific migration’ within the Higher Institute of Physical Education (HIPE) and the Faculty of Medicine at the State University in Ghent, Belgium. The HIPE was ‘attached’ to the Faculty of Medicine in 1908, a world first that led to an interesting triangular relationship between physical education, physiotherapy, and medicine. The physiatrists (physicians-physiotherapists) who were appointed at the HIPE had to struggle with inferior status with respect to their colleagues within the Faculty of Medicine itself. Territorial power struggles arose on several levels. In 1936, after the first generation of physicians-physiotherapists had retired, physiotherapy was integrated fully into the Faculty of Medicine, and radiology and cancer treatment – which had been considered subsectors of physiotherapy – became autonomous specialties. Physical education, however, retained its inferior academic status. 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献