首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the triad components (amenorrhoea, disordered eating, and osteoporosis) in identifying physically active women at risk of long-term health problems. Eighty-two females (mean age 31.1 years, s = 6.7; body mass 58.4 kg, s = 6.6; stature 1.65 m, s = 0.06) completed training, menstrual, and dietary questionnaires. Bone mineral density and size-adjusted bone mineral density were assessed at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Seventy-eight percent of participants were eumenorrhoeic, 20% were oligomenorrhoeic, and 2% were amenorrhoeic. Thirty-six percent and 55% reported disordered eating practices in the present and past respectively. Eighty-one percent, 17%, and 2% were classified as normal, osteopaenic, and osteoporotic at the femoral neck respectively; 92% were normal, 7% osteopaenic, and 1% osteoporotic at the lumbar spine. No significant differences in femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density were observed between eumenorrhoeic and oligo/amenorrhoeic participants (F 2,80 = 0.119, P = 0.73); eumenorrhoeic participants had significantly greater lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F 2,80 = 9.79, P = 0.003). Disordered eating participants had significantly lower femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density than those reporting no disordered eating (F 2,80 = 13.816, P = 0.000). Twenty-two percent of participants fulfilled triad criteria, while 55% were “at risk” of long-term health problems. An accumulation of conditions resulted in lower lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F 1,80 = 6.074, P = 0.004). The current triad components do not identify all women “at risk” and more appropriate criteria such as exercise-related menstrual alterations, disordered eating, and osteopaenia are suggested.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare the bone mineral density (BMD) of young dancers suspected of suffering from the female athlete triad syndrome and eumenorrhoeic/normal weight dancers with eumenorrhoeic non-exercising controls. Full-time dance students from a collegiate academy of performing arts were recruited. The female athlete triad syndrome was suspected when oligo/amenorrhoea was present together with underweight (body mass index below 18.5 kg · m?2). The non-exercising group consisted of eumenorrhoeic age-matched patients presenting to an adolescent gynaecology clinic. All participants had a full hormonal profile, pelvic ultrasound, bio-impedance estimation of body fat, together with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative peripheral computed tomography scans (pQCT) to determine bone mineral density. A total of 47 dancers aged 17–20 years were recruited, of whom 14 (29.7%) fell within the criteria for suspected female athlete triad syndrome. Comparing the dancers with suspected female athlete triad with 36 non-exercising controls showed no significant differences in BMD at most sites between the two groups. Comparing the normal dancers (n=33) with the same control group showed the dancers had significantly higher BMD at the hip sites (P<0.005), as well as higher core tibial volumetric BMD (P=0.04) than the controls. Young dancers with oligo/amenorrhoea and apparent under-nutrition that fitted the clinical diagnosis of female athlete triad syndrome did not have lower BMD than non-exercising eumenorrhoeic controls, while eumenorrhoeic dancers actually had higher BMD. In addition, no significant differences were seen between eumenorrhoeic dancers and those with suspected female athlete triad. The risk of osteoporosis was apparently offset by the benefits of regular intensive weight-bearing exercises in those participants with suspected female athlete triad.  相似文献   

3.
BackgroundWeight-loss-induced fat loss improves cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight and obesity; however, weight loss can also result in bone loss and increased fracture risk. Weight-loss-induced bone loss may be attenuated with exercise. Our aim was to compare changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in adults with overweight and obesity who undertook diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with exercise.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults with overweight or obesity (aged ≥18 years; body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) that prescribed diet-induced weight loss alone or in combination with supervised exercise, and measured any bone structural parameters. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random-effects meta-analyses determined mean changes and net mean differences (95% confidence intervals (95%CIs)) in the percentage of areal BMD (aBMD) change between groups.ResultsWe included 9 RCTs. Diet-induced weight loss led to significant losses in femoral neck aBMD (mean change: −1.73% (95%CI: −2.39% to −1.07%), p < 0.001) and total hip aBMD (−2.19% (95%CI: −3.84% to −0.54%), p = 0.009). Femoral neck aBMD losses were significantly greater in the diet-induced weight loss group compared to the exercise plus diet-induced weight loss group (net difference: −0.88% (95%CI: −1.73% to −0.03%)); however, there were no differences in aBMD changes at any other skeletal site: total hip (−1.96% (95%CI: −4.59% to 0.68%)) and lumbar spine (−0.48% (95%CI: −1.81% to 0.86%)). aBMD changes did not differ significantly according to exercise modality (resistance exercise, aerobic exercise, or a combination of the two) during diet-induced weight loss.ConclusionDiet-induced weight loss led to greater femoral neck bone loss compared to diet-induced weight loss plus exercise. Bone loss at the total hip and lumbar spine was not attenuated by exercise during diet-induced weight loss. The lack of consistent skeletal benefits may be due to the insufficient duration and/or training intensities of most exercise interventions. Additional RCTs with appropriate, targeted exercise interventions should be conducted.  相似文献   

4.
对纳入文献整理并进行有效合并,扩大样本容量,定量评价水中运动对中老年人骨密度影响,为影响中老年人骨密度,降低跌倒风险,提供科学、有效、安全的健身方式。以水中运动、中老年人、骨密度、游泳、aquatic therapy、aquatic plyometric training等为主题词;aquatic organisms、bone mineral density、density、the elderly等为关键词在Pubmed、知网等数据库检索,检索文献共1217篇,经过筛选后,最终纳入文献12篇。水中运动与对照组相比,对中老年人腰椎、桡骨、跟骨骨密度影响具有显著性差异,股骨骨密度则具有非常显著性差异,陆上抗阻运动对腰椎骨密度影响显著,但对股骨骨密度无显著性差异。水中健身运动改善中老年人桡骨、腰椎、股骨、跟骨骨密度,在效果表现为量的积累,预时长一年效果最佳,运动频率每周1-3次,每次35-60分钟。  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term professional golf participation on whole-body and regional bone mass and density. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed on 15 male professional golfers and 18 sedentary individuals, matched for sex, race, age (29+/-1 and 25+/-1 years, respectively), body mass (79+/-2 and 74+/-2 kg), height (1.78+/-0.01 and 1.77+/-0.02 m) and percent body fat (20+/-2 and 21+/-2%; mean +/- sx). We found that long-term professional golf participation is not associated with significant increments in regional or whole-body bone mass or density. Neither the lumbar spine nor the femoral neck showed any noticeable enhancement of bone mass in professional golfers compared with controls from the same population. The only effect of professional golf participation on regional body composition was a 9% increase in muscle mass in the dominant arm (P < 0.05).  相似文献   

6.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term professional golf participation on whole-body and regional bone mass and density. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed on 15 male professional golfers and 18 sedentary individuals, matched for sex, race, age (29 ± and 25 ± 1 years, respectively), body mass (79 ± 2 and 74 ± 2 kg), height (1.78 ± 0.01 and 1.77 ± 0.02 m) and percent body fat (20 ± 2 and 21 ± 2%; mean ± s χ). We found that long-term professional golf participation is not associated with significant increments in regional or whole-body bone mass or density. Neither the lumbar spine nor the femoral neck showed any noticeable enhancement of bone mass in professional golfers compared with controls from the same population. The only effect of professional golf participation on regional body composition was a 9% increase in muscle mass in the dominant arm (P ? 0.05).  相似文献   

7.
This meta-analysis aims to determine the effects of regular swimming on bone mineral density (BMD) in young adults (18–30 years). A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, SPORTDiscus and the Cochrane Library from the earliest possible year to March 2016. Swimmers were compared to non-athletic controls (CG) and to high-impact athletes (HIGH). Effect sizes with the Hedges g in random effects models were developed. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analyses. Swimmers presented similar BMD values to CG in whole-body (g = ?0.20; P = 0.251), femoral neck (g = ?0.05; P = 0.818) and lumbar spine (g = 0.18; P = 0.492); and lower BMD in the whole-body (g = ?1.21; P < 0.001), femoral neck (g = ?1.51; P < 0.001) and lumbar spine (g = ?0.84; P = 0.017) than the HIGH. For the whole-body differences, the higher the latitude the smaller the differences between swimmers and HIGH (B = 0.10; P = 0.001). For the femoral neck differences, age also seemed to reduce the differences between groups (B = 0.19; P = 0.020). Young adult swimmers present similar BMD values than CG and lower values than HIGH.  相似文献   

8.
大负荷运动对大鼠血清OPG、sRANKL、骨代谢及骨量的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为研究大负荷运动对大鼠血清OPG、sRANKL、骨代谢生化因子(OC、ALP和TRAP)、骨密度(BMD)和骨量(BMC)的影响,20只6周龄大鼠随机分成2组:①对照组(Control group,CtrG)10只;②7周大负荷训练组(Overtraining group,OtrG)10只:进行7周的跑台训练。实验结束后所有大鼠处死并测定血清OPG、sRANKL、骨钙素(OC)、骨碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)。同时测定股骨、腰椎BMD、BMC。结果表明经过7周大负荷运动训练,OtrG组大鼠股骨BMC、BMD及腰椎BMC明显低于CtrG组大鼠。OtrG组大鼠血清OPG水平明显低于CtrG组,而sRANKL却高于CtrG组大鼠,OPG/sRANKL比率下降。OtrG组血清OC、ALP和TRAP明显高于CtrG组。研究提示过度运动导致OPG/sRANKL比例下降可能是骨代谢率增快、骨量丢失的重要原因。  相似文献   

9.
目的：探讨体育舞蹈对绝经女性雌激素、血脂、免疫及骨密度相关指标的影响。方法：对28名身心健康的绝经女性进行6个月的体育舞蹈锻炼,测试锻炼前后受试对象的血清雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P）、睾酮（T）等激素指标;甘油三脂（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）等血脂指标;免疫球蛋白IgA、IgM、IgG等免疫指标和腰椎、股颈、股骨大转子处骨密度的变化,评价体育舞蹈运动对绝经女性的影响。结果：6个月的体育舞蹈锻炼后,绝经女性的E2较锻炼前提高（p〈0.01）,T水平下降（p〈0.01）;TG、TC、LDL-C较锻炼前降低（p〈0.05或p〈0.01）HDL-C较锻炼前提高（p〈0.01）,IgA、IgM、IgG较锻炼前提高（p〈0.05或p〈0.01）;腰椎L2-4、股骨颈、股骨大转子骨密度较锻炼前提高（p〈0.01）。结论：体育舞蹈锻炼对绝经女性雌激素、血脂及免疫机能有积极影响,能显著提高腰椎L2-4、股骨颈、股骨大转子骨密度。  相似文献   

10.
Bone turnover is affected by exercise throughout the lifespan, especially during childhood and adolescence. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of different sports on total and regional bone mineral density in male Brazilian adolescent athletes. Forty-six adolescents aged 10-18 years participated in the study: 12 swimmers, 10 tennis players, 10 soccer players, and 14 sedentary individuals. The athletes had engaged in physical activities for more than 10 h per week in the previous 6 months. Bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (L1-L4), left proximal femur region, and whole body was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results showed higher mean values in the proximal femur region of tennis and soccer players (1.02 ± 0.18; 0.96 ± 0.16, respectively) than swimmers and controls (0.91 ± 0.14 and 0.87 ± 0.06, respectively) (P < 0.05). In relation to the impact of sporting activities based on bone age determination, we observed significant differences in bone mineral density at all evaluated sites at the end of puberty (16-18 years) compared with 10-12 years, with increases of 78% in the lumbar spine, 47% in the proximal femur, and 38% in the whole body.  相似文献   

11.
目的利用身体形态、体力活动和超声骨指标来预测超重和肥胖者的下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度。方法选取超重和肥胖男性受试者138名(年龄50.9±9.6岁;BMI29.1±2.6 kg/m^2),随机测量其身体形态(身高、体重、BMI、胸围和腰围等)、体力活动(握力、纵跳和肺活量等)和超声骨指标(超声声速和传播指数)。骨密度使用双能X线吸收测定法进行测量。使用Stepwise逐步回归法构建下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度的预测模型。结果多元线性回归分析显示,所构建的模型都能够有效地预测受试者的骨密度。其中,下肢骨密度预测模型的拟合度最高。Bland-Altman定量测量结果一致性分析表明,下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度的实测值与预测值具有显著的相关性(r=0.35,r=0.60,r=0.31;P<0.001)。结论研究所构建的模型可以有效预测不同年龄、肥胖程度和体力活动水平男性的下肢骨密度、脊柱骨密度和全身骨密度,适用于大规模人群的骨质疏松症筛查与早期防治。  相似文献   

12.
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to compare the bone mass of female football players with controls of different pubertal stages. Methods: Sixty five girls aged 8–14 years (10.14?±?0.1, Tanner stages I–IV) participated in the study. Twenty participants were prepubertal (10 prepubertal control) and 45 peripubertal (15 peripubertal control). All footballers trained two days per week while the control group did not perform regular physical activity outside of school. Body composition was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate differences in lean and bone masses. Results: Significant differences in lower-body extremities lean mass (LLM) between peripubertal groups were found (P?P?P?Conclusion: Female footballers showed higher bone and lean masses compared to control counterparts; these differences are already detectable at prepubertal ages and more consistent after pubertal spurt.  相似文献   

13.
The nature of physical activity that benefits bone is traditionally thought to differ from that benefiting cardiovascular health. Accordingly, exercise recommendations for improving bone health and cardiovascular health are largely incongruent. Our aim was to determine the associations between high-impact physical activity participation and both cardiovascular disease risk factors and bone mass. We recruited 94 men and women (age 34.0?±?13.3 years) to undergo measures of cardiovascular disease risk (BMI, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, waist-to-hip ratio, and mean arterial pressure) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA XR-800, Norland) measures of bone mass (femoral neck, lumbar spine, and whole body BMD) and body composition (whole body lean mass and fat mass). Physical activity participation was estimated using the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ). Those in the upper tertile for current BPAQ score exhibited lower total cholesterol, waist-to-hip ratio, and mean arterial pressure than those in the lower tertiles (P?r?=??0.49 to 0.29, P?P?=?0.008), with BPAQ score predicting 6% of the variance in BMD (P?=?0.02). We conclude that high-impact physical activity as captured by the BPAQ may be beneficial for both bone health and for attenuating cardiovascular disease risk.  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to compare bone density and body composition measurements in women participating in elite-level netball and golf, two sports with contrasting loading characteristics. Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 14 state-level netball players (20.8±3.4 years), 11 single-digit handicap golf players (22.4±2.1 years) and a control group (n=18) not training for sport (22.6±3.6 years). Trunk extensor endurance and grip strength were also measured using the Sorensen test and hand-grip dynamometry respectively. Netball players had significantly higher total body, lumbar spine and hip BMD than the golf players (P<0.001) and control subjects (P<0.001). The golf players had higher BMD than the control subjects only in the lumbar spine (P<0.05). The netball players were significantly taller than the golf players and control group (P<0.01) and had a higher body mass than the control group (P<0.001). After adjustment for body height and mass, the BMD values in the netball players remained significantly higher than the control subjects at all sites (P<0.01), while the golf players had significantly higher lumbar spine BMD than the controls (P<0.05). Elite-level netball participation is associated with increased total body, hip and lumbar spine BMD, while this response was only evident in the lumbar spine in elite golf players. The contrasting loading characteristics of these sports may be reflected in the site-specific differences in BMD when compared to non-athletic control subjects.  相似文献   

15.
Limited data are available on the female athlete triad (Triad) in athletes from minority groups. We explored subclinical and clinical Triad components amongst adolescent elite Kenyan athletes (n = 61) and non-athletes (n = 49). Participants completed demographic, health, sport and menstrual history questionnaires as well as a 5-day weighed dietary record and exercise log to calculate energy availability (EA). Ultrasound assessed calcaneus bone mineral density (BMD). Eating Disorder Inventory subscales and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire’s cognitive dietary restraint subscale measured disordered eating (DE). EA was lower in athletes than non-athletes (36.5 ± 4.5 vs. 39.5 ± 5.7 kcal ? kg FFM?1 ? d?1, P = 0.003). More athletes were identified with clinical low EA (17.9% vs. 2.2%, OR = 9.5, 95% CI 1.17–77, P = 0.021) and clinical menstrual dysfunction (32.7% vs. 18.3%, χ2 = 7.1, P = 0.02). Subclinical (75.4% vs. 71.4%) and clinical DE (4.9% vs. 10.2%, P = 0.56) as well as BMD were similar between athletes and non-athletes. More athletes had two Triad components than non-athletes (8.9% vs. 0%, OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.5–6.9, P = 0.05). Kenyan adolescent participants presented with one or more subclinical and/or clinical Triad component. It is essential that athletes and their entourage be educated on their energy needs including health and performance consequences of an energy deficiency.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of weight restrictions on physiological function and bone health in a group of horse racing jockeys. Twenty-seven elite male jockeys participated in this study (17 flat jockeys; 10 national hunt jockeys). Participants completed a range of measurements including anthropometry, hydration analysis, bone mineral density assessment, and musculoskeletal screening. Fifty-nine percent of flat and 40% of national hunt jockeys showed osteopenia in one or more of the total body, hip or spine scans. Mean urine-specific gravity (Usg) values revealed moderate dehydration on a non-race day (Usg = 1.022 ± 0.005 and 1.021 ± 0.007 for flat and national hunt jockeys respectively). Analysis of a number of flat jockeys (n = 11) revealed marked dehydration on an official race day (Usg = 1.028 ± 0.005). Sixty-four percent of participants reported a current injury at the time of assessment. Our results reveal some worrying trends within this population. Further research is required to examine the effects of current weight control practices typically used by jockeys on both physiological and cognitive function as well as health and performance.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of muscle strength, trainingspecific and anthropometric parameters on bone mineral density (BMD) in male top athletes of different sports in comparison to untrained controls. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 173 males, aged 18 to 31 years. Of these, 104 were athletes (runners, n = 21; cyclists, n = 12; triathletes, n = 18), heavy athletes (HA, judo and wrestling, n = 28), and team sport athletes (TS, handball, soccer, basketball, volleyball, n = 25); 44 were unspecifically trained sport students (STU); and 25 were untrained controls (UT). Sport- and group-specific differences were found in anthropometric but not strength parameters. Marked sport- and group-specific differences were found for BMD at lumbar spine (LSP) and the femoral sites (FEM). Group-specific effects on BMD were clearest when calculating percentual differences between BMD of athletes and UT: In group I (HA, TS, and STU), BMD at LSP and FEM were significantly (p < .01) higher compared to UT; in group II (R and TRI), BMD at FEM but not at LSP was higher compared to UT (p <.01); and in group III (C), no BMD value was significantly different from UT. Multiple regression analysis revealed lean body mass to be the strongest predictor for BMD at LSP and FEM. We conclude that mechanical loads have strong effects on bone adaptation. Sport-specific and body region-specific effects have to be taken into account for evaluation of osteogenic effects of exercise. Particularly dynamic sports with short, high, and multidimensional loads have the strongest effects on bone formation, independent of training quantity.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

The prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders vary from 0–19% in male athletes and 6–45% in female athletes. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of eating disorders in adolescent and adult athletes including: (1) prevalence data; (2) suggested sport- and gender-specific risk factors and (3) importance of early detection, management and prevention of eating disorders. Additionally, this paper presents suggestions for future research which includes: (1) the need for knowledge regarding possible gender-specific risk factors and sport- and gender-specific prevention programmes for eating disorders in sports; (2) suggestions for long-term follow-up for female and male athletes with eating disorders and (3) exploration of a possible male athlete triad.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between indicators of risk of disordered eating, body image and varied menstrual cycle lengths. Altogether, 151 female athletes were invited from 16 sports and 70 female non-athletic controls were recruited from a university lecture class. The participants completed several surveys, including demographics, menstrual cycle history, physical activity, Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ). Selected EDI subscales were summed to reflect eating disorder risk and body image. Menstrual cyclicity was based on self-reported cycle length for the last 6 months (normal cycles = 26-32 days, irregular cycles < or =26 or >32 days). Athletes overall had more irregular cycles (29.1%) than the non-athletes (15.7%) (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in scores for eating disorder risk, body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, cognitive restraint (TFEQ) and disinhibition (TFEQ), only when athletes were divided based on menstrual cyclicity (i.e. irregularly cycling athletes had higher scores than athletes with normal menstrual cycle lengths). No differences in these scores were found between non-athletes with normal or irregular menstrual cycle lengths. In conclusion, irregularly short or long menstrual cycle length is associated with subtle indications of higher risk of disordered eating in female athletes.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

Purpose: This study determined the impact of menstrual status on bone tissue in elite post-pubertal female soccer players over an entire season.

Methods: Fifty-one elite female soccer players participated. At baseline, forty-one were assigned to the low hormonal androgenic profile (low-HAPL) and 10 to the high hormonal androgenic profile (high-HAPL).

Results: An 8-month training program led to increased bone mineral density content (p<0.05). The low-HAPL athletes improved the Narrow neck average cortical thickness (ACT) by 1.4% and reduced the corresponding Buckling ratio (BR) by 2.6%, thus decreasing the fracture risk (p<0.05). The high-HAPL athletes decreased the Narrow neck ACT by 5.4% and increased the BR by 2.6%, increasing fracture risk (p<0.05). Differences were assigned as being “very likely beneficial” for the low-HAPL athletes, supported by very large (d=3.41) and large (d=1.58) effect sizes for the Narrow neck ACT and BR, respectively.

Conclusion: A season of soccer training has induced bone geometry improvements in adolescent females. Bone health parameters improved in the two clusters. However, high-HAPL athletes decreased its resistance to loading compare to low-HAPL athletes. Even if female players do not present clinical symptoms related to their hormonal status, sport medicine physicians should pay attention to their structural bone fragility.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号