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1.
龙胜里骆杉木人工林乔木层林冠年截留率为15.6%，林下植物层的年截留率为21.7%（占林外降水量的18.3%）降水强度是影响截留量（率）大小的主要因素；同时，林冠的枝叶生长和林下植物盖度的变化对截留（率）大小也有一定影响，林冠截留（率）与林外降水量间存在密切对数关系，而林下植物截留量（率）与林冠降水量或林外降水量之间的函数关系随不同季节而变化，冬春为幂函数，夏秋为直线或对数关系，这主要与降水强度有关。乔木层和林下植物层的养分年淋溶归还量为：氮2.41，钾12.05。镁3.51kg/hm2,钙和磷则为0。其中，乔木层的淋溶量为：氮2.68钾8.98，镁0.73，磷和钙为0；林下植物层的淋溶量为：磷0.35，钾3.10，钙5.98，镁2.78，氮为0.植物叶子的养分吸收特点对乔木层和林下植物层的养分淋溶过程有明显的影响。 相似文献
2.
《中国科技信息》2009,(10)
根据不同途径输入的养分和植株带出的养分,计算了我国烤烟生产体系中氮．磷、钾3种大量元素的输入输出量及其平衡状况．并对烤烟生产中的养分利用率及其对环境的影响进行了分析以2003年养分平衡结果为例．我国烤烟生产中年投入的纯养分总量分别为氮137万吨（其中化肥氮115万吨）、磷109万吨（其中化肥磷108万吨）．钾26．0万吨（其中化肥钾25．9万吨）化肥氮、磷、钾养分的投入量分别占烤烟生产中养分投入总量的834％、99．2％和99．4％烟株（包括根茎叶）带出的氮、磷、钾养分量为7．3万吨,0．8万吨和7．2万吨．分别占氮、磷．钾养分投入总量的52．8％、76％和27．7％;烤烟生产中投入的氮、磷．钾化肥养分占全国农业生产中化肥养分投入量的比例分别为0．5％、1．5％和5．9％. 相似文献
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4.
选取广西区6个国有林场按树人工林的200个土壤样品进行土壤养分测定,分析其养分变异特征和相关性,通过养分分级评定和背景值对比分析桉树人工林土壤养分现状以及桉树种植对土壤养分影响程度。试验结果表明,桉树人工林速效磷变异系数最大,其次为交换性钙,两个指标皆达到强变异性,pH值变异性最小,为弱变异性,其他指标皆为中等变异性。pH值与交换性钙、全氮和全钾、水解氮和速效钾、交换性钙和交换性镁的相关性存在显著水平的正相关。桉树人工林土壤养分现状与其背景值趋势相符,表现出缺磷、缺钾现象。其中速效磷、全钾和速效钾三个指标对比背景值含量偏低。 相似文献
5.
本文对南方红壤区常见林地类型-杜仲人工林的穿透雨、树干流和林冠截留的水文过程进行了监测，并在对其影响因素进行分析的基础上，探讨了林下降雨的空间分布规律。结果表明：杜仲林对降雨的再分配受到降雨特征影响，穿透雨、树干流和林冠截留量与降雨量呈显著的正相关(P<0.05)，随着雨量或雨强的增加，穿透雨率升高，截留率降低，并且两者在高的雨量和雨强下逐渐趋于恒定。在测定期间，杜仲林穿透雨率为72.7±7.8%，树干流率为7.7±1.8%，截留率为19.6±9.9%。杜仲林下穿透雨存在明显的空间异质性，随着与树主干距离的增加，穿透雨率逐渐提高，靠近树干的林冠内部穿透雨率显著低于林冠边缘，而且随着降雨量的增加，穿透雨的空间变化减少，异质性降低。每mm降雨的单株树干流(cm3/mm)与胸径、冠层厚度和树高均呈显著的正相关性（P<0.05），但是与冠幅和枝下高的相关性不显著(P>0.05)。对于林内雨的组成，树干流与穿透雨的比率随着雨量或雨强的增加而呈减小趋势，但树干流对降雨具有明显的汇集作用，随着降雨量的增加，对降雨的汇集效果先提高后降低。林冠截留在减少林内雨量的同时，也显著地改变了林下降雨的空间分配，使林内局部（如树干流周围）水分输入反而高于林外。 相似文献
6.
西双版纳热带雨林干季林冠雾露水资源效应研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
刘文杰张克映张光明李红梅段文平 《资源科学》2001,23(2):75-80
测定西双版纳热带雨林林冠干季对雾露水的截留量及林冠层雾露形成的小气侯特征，结果表明，雾露首先形成于最上林冠层，林下雾是由上层雾加浓下沉而来。雾露的形成不仅凝结了水汽进入森林，同时也对森林起到了一定的保温作用。夜间，各林冠层截流的雾露水总量可达1.36mm，其中最上层林冠截留0.97mm(吸附水0.45mm，流落水0.22mm),中间层截留0.40mm(吸附水0.29mm,流落水0.11mm),下层林冠截留0.28mm,(吸附水0.23mm,流落水0.06mm）。林冠截留雾露水量的多少与上层林冠处的风速、降温强度成正相关关系。 相似文献
7.
自1989年至1992年对江西省九连山自然保护区的天然常绿阔叶林通过凋落物约为4.3t/hm2.a-4.7t/hm2.a。养分归还量氮、磷、钾、钠、钙和镁各为68kg/hm2.a-85kg/hm2.a,3.1kg/hm2.a-3.8kg/hm2.a,21kg/hm2.a-kg/hm2.a,4.4kg/hm2.a-6.8kg/hm2.a,113kg/hm2.a-160kg/hm2.a和19kg/hm2.a-28kg/hm2.a。氮和磷的归还量小于而钙的归还量大于热带雨林。 相似文献
8.
鹤山乡土混交林的能量特征及光能利用率 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对鹤山以红荷和荷木为主的乡土树种混交林的辐射能、光合呼吸作用与总第一性生产力、生物量与热值等的综合研究可知：１全年抵达该群落林冠上层的总太阳辐射能４５１５．２ＭＪ·ｍ－２，截获２５１９．３ＭＪ·ｍ－２，透过１４７２．２ｍＪ·ｍ－２；２群落总的生物量１０３．３１ｔ；能量现存量１７１．３３ＭＪ·ｍ－２；３群落冠层截获能量中有８６．８０ＭＪ·ｍ－２用于光合作用，其中有２１．７１ＭＪ·ｍ－２用于净第一性生产力；其光能利用效率约０．４８％；４由于群落年龄和冠层结构原因，鹤山乡土树种混交林群落的生物量现存量、净第一性生产力和光能截获率均低于同地带近顶极群落一季风常绿阔叶林的相应值． 相似文献
9.
自1989年至1992年对江西省九连山自然保护区的天然常绿阔叶林通过凋落物归还到枯枝落叶层的养分量进行了测定.凋落物的干重约为6.4t/hm2·a～8.8t/hm2·a,其中叶凋落物约为4.3t/hm2·a～4.7t/hm2·a.养分归还量氮、磷、钾、钠、钙和镁各为68kg/hm2·a～85kg/hm2·a,3.1kg/hm2·a～3.8kg/hm2·a,21kg/hm2·a～67kg/hm2·a,4.4kg/hm2·a～6.8kg/hm2·a,113kg/hm2·a～160kg/hm2·a和19kg/hm2·a～28kg/hm2·a.氮和磷的归还量小于而钙的归还量大于热带雨林. 相似文献
10.
氮磷钾肥对旱地春油菜生长和土壤养分状况的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨氮、磷、钾肥料对旱地春油菜产量和土壤养分的影响,结合试验区域自然条件和农民常规施肥,采用"3414"试验设计,研究了氮、磷、钾不同用量对油菜产量和土壤养分的影响,确定了本区域内春油菜产量与氮、磷、钾肥料因子的二次多项式回归方程:Y=2342.76+400.47X1-143.66X2-86.29X3-28.40X21+12.47X22+60.36X23+5.25X1X2-18.20X1X3-14.02X2X3,最佳产量为3194.06kg.hm-2时,对应的施氮量101.97kg.hm-2、施磷量85.74 kg.hm-2、施钾量36.15 kg.hm-2。试验区域内春油菜缺氮处理相对产量为64.95%,因此土壤氮素偏低,为低肥力水平,缺磷、钾处理相对产量大于95%,土壤磷、钾为高肥力水平。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献