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1.
《Research Policy》2023,52(5):104741
Patents are an important signal of the unobserved quality of young, innovative firms. We study patents that protect radical inventions associated with high earnings potential but also a high risk of failure. These previously disregarded signals convey positive and negative information simultaneously, i.e., strong signals that have a dark side. We argue that whether firms that send such signals are attractive investment targets for venture capital (VC) investors depends on the characteristics of the investors. Reputable VC investors are attracted to the strong quality signals of patents protecting radical inventions and are better able than other VC investors to deal with the dark side of these signals through syndication. These effects are stronger in the first financing round than in follow-on rounds, as the (positive and negative) informational value of patents protecting radical inventions diminishes over time as information asymmetries between young firms and prospective VC investors are reduced. We test these predictions using a sample of 759 young life science firms and 555 VC investors. Econometric estimates from a matching model support our predictions. 相似文献
2.
探寻新创企业专利对风险投资决策的影响机制,即专利能否成为风险投资机构评估新创企业价值的有效信号体系。运用创业板中427家企业的数据,检验新创企业专利与风险投资估值的关联度。实证研究结果证明,新创企业的专利对企业吸引风险投资时的价值评估具有提升效应,且上述提升效应在早期投资轮和实力强大的风险投资机构中表现得更为明显,但与创业者的创业经验之间无显著相关。研究为引导风险投资机构更有效的利用专利信号机制、优化其投资决策,促进风险投资行业的有效发展,为我国新一轮的创业热潮提供有效支撑。 相似文献
3.
In the presence of asymmetric information, economic agents need to communicate their quality to investors and other parties. This paper investigates how information generated during the patenting process affects the ability of new ventures to attract VC financing. While much of the literature on information asymmetries focuses on patent applications, we argue that the entire examination process should be considered, including information that emerges in the course of patent examination and review. We test several hypotheses using a sample of British and German companies that seek venture capital. We find that the filing of patent applications is positively related to VC financing. Moreover, the examination process at the patent office generates valuable technological and commercial information via search reports, citations and opposition procedures which affect the likelihood of VC financing. Our results suggest that the patenting process supports investors in updating their expectations regarding the quality of new ventures. 相似文献
4.
Patents, venture capital, and software start-ups 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper analyzes the relation between the patenting behavior of startup firms and the progress of those firms through the venture capital cycle. Linking data relating to venture capital financing of software startup firms with data concerning the patents obtained by those firms, we find significant and robust positive correlations between patenting and several variables measuring the firm's performance (including number of rounds, total investment, exit status, receipt of late stage financing, and longevity). The data also show that (1) only about one in four venture-backed software firms acquired even one patent during the period of the study; (2) patenting practices very considerably among the sub-sectors of the software industry; and (3) the relationship between patent metrics and firm performance depends less on the size of the patent portfolio than on the firm's receipt of at least one patent. 相似文献
5.
本文认为高管团队作为企业战略的制定者和执行者,其人力资本特征必然会对企业引进风险投资的策略产生重要影响。本文以我国中小板上市公司中有风险投资融资背景的企业为样本展开实证研究,结果发现:高管团队受教育水平越高,企业越可能在发展早期引入风险投资,并且更青睐经验丰富、资源广泛的混合背景风投而非民营风投;高管团队年龄越大,越排斥分轮融资策略;高管团队中政府背景高管占比较高时,企业更可能引进政府背景风投,而且更愿意采用分轮融资策略;管理层持股比例越高,越会对在发展早期引入风投以及采用分轮融资策略产生显著的负面影响。本研究对丰富高管团队理论和风险投资相关研究具有较大贡献。 相似文献
6.
By using the panel date of Chinese enterprises, this paper analyzes the influence of venture capital on innovation performance. In this paper, the number of patent application and the patent quality(invention patent applications, number of effective patents, IPC number of international patent classification, and patent claims) are used to measure the innovation performance of enterprises, and the regression results show that the innovation performance is significantly promoted by the venture capital; for industries with higher dependence on external financing and high technology intensity and areas with better protection of property rights, venture capital promotes innovation performance more significantly. In this paper, it further distinguishes the characteristics of venture capital institutions, and finds that the promotion effect of non-state-owned venture capital on innovation performance is significantly greater than that of state-owned venture capital; the venture capital institutions with high reputation and high network capital play a more significant role in promoting innovation performance. 相似文献
7.
Roger Svensson 《Research Policy》2007,36(7):1052-1069
Using a unique database on Swedish patents owned by small firms and individuals, survival models estimate how different factors influence the decision to commercialize the patents. Such an analysis has seemingly never previously been undertaken. Since the owners know more about the patents than potential external financiers, problems related to asymmetrical information are present. To overcome these problems when inventors and small technology-based firms need financing, Sweden has for a long time relied on government support rather than private venture capital firms. The empirical results show that the larger is the share of patent-owners’ costs covered by government financial support during the R&D phase, the lower is the probability of patents being commercialized. This lower degree of commercialization is likely to depend on (1) the soft terms of the government loans, where the patent owner can avoid paying back the loan if the patent is never commercialized and/or (2) that the government is not able to select promising projects. The first explanation is related to moral hazard and the second one to adverse selection. The policy suggestion is for government to change the design of the loans, to base them on firms rather than projects. 相似文献
8.
摘要：作为创业企业的重要融资方式,天使投资存在显著的信息非对称,由此导致的代理问题对天使投资融资合约产生影响。针对创业企业家的道德风险问题,本文基于委托代理理论构建一个理论模型,研究并求解出天使投资最优融资规模及最优股权分配比例。研究发现：最优融资规模及最优股权分配比例是存在的,且能够有效缓解企业家的道德风险问题;当道德风险问题严重时,最优融资规模及天使投资人的最优股权分配比例均减少;优质的创业项目能够提高融资规模并提升企业家的股权分配比例;创业企业家良好的创业能力与经历,能够提高融资规模但会降低企业家的股权分配比例。由此,本文研究结论较好的解释了国内外天使投资的投资实践,并且为天使投资合约的设计提供理论指导。 相似文献
9.
以2009—2014年创业板上市公司首次公开募股(initial public offering,IPO）前后3年数据为样本,构建双重差分模型,实证研究了IPO对企业创新投资的影响和不同融资依赖企业IPO创新影响的差异及其原因。实证结果表明：IPO后企业创新投资显著下降,且外部融资依赖企业IPO后创新投资下降幅度显著大于内部融资依赖企业,因为外部融资依赖企业风险投资参与比例和持股比例较高,IPO后风险投资对企业创新的负影响显著,体现了IPO后企业高管和投资者在市场短期盈利压力的“短视”行为。这为科创板市场弱化短期盈利的监管以强化企业持续创新的动力提供了经验证据。 相似文献
10.
This study explores the initial public offering (IPO) and financing of biotechnology start-ups in Japan. Using a unique data set, we find that biotechnology start-ups initially backed by venture capital (VC) firms and those originating from universities are more likely to go public within a shorter period. Moreover, we find that neither staged financing nor syndication by VC firms is associated with higher IPO value relative to investment. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the timing of IPOs does not depend on equity market conditions in the biotechnology industry, whereas IPO value tends to depend on equity market conditions. We discuss the factors that explain these findings, which contradict findings in previous studies of VC investments. 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104375
This paper investigates whether board directors interlocked with or employed by innovative firms affect start-up firms’ propensity to be innovators themselves. Drawing upon a sample of more than 50,000 Swedish start-up firms, we find that board connections to incumbent innovators have a causal impact on the new firms’ probability to apply for patents. The results are robust when controlling for industry, geography, firm age, as well as spillovers through worker and managerial mobility, external knowledge sourcing through patent disclosure, access to venture capital and board attributes. 相似文献
12.
This study investigates empirically whether patents can be signals to financial markets, thus reducing problems of asymmetric information. In particular we study how patenting behaviour impacts on the way investors perceive software firms’ growth potential through an increase in the amount invested at the initial public offering (IPO) of firms in the US and Europe. This study performs regressions on the relationship of patent applications before IPO and the amount of money collected at the IPO, while controlling other factors that may influence IPO performance. We also attempt to account for a potential source of endogeneity problems that can arise for self-selection bias and simultaneity between the number of patent applications prior to going public and the amount of money collected at IPO. We find significant and robust positive correlations between patent applications and IPO performance. The signalling power of patenting is significantly different for US and European companies, and is related to the difficulty in obtaining a signal and its scarcity. An additional patent application prior to IPO increases IPO proceeds by about 0.507% and 1.13% for US and European companies, respectively. Results suggest that a less ‘applicant friendly’ patenting system increases the credibility of patents as signals and their value for IPO investors. 相似文献
13.
基于激励、认证、“良性循环”三个理论视角,研究政府引导基金投资对创业企业后续融资的影响机制。通过私募通数据库搜集数据构造匹配样本,研究结果表明：（1）为私人资本提供收益类补偿时,政府引导基金投资可以促进创业企业后续融资;然而,为私人资本提供亏损补偿加上收益类补偿,或采用市场化运作模式时,政府引导基金投资不能促进创业企业后续融资。（2）无论投资早期还是后期的创业企业,或者无论投资高科技行业还是非高科技行业的创业企业,政府引导基金投资都不能促进创业企业后续融资。（3）无论投资创投落后地区还是创投成熟地区的创业企业,政府引导基金投资都不能促进创业企业后续融资。上述结论支持激励假说,但不支持认证假说和“良性循环”假说,表明通过政府引导基金投资促进创业企业后续融资的关键在于为私人资本提供合适的补偿机制。 相似文献
14.
风险投资对企业技术创新作用的研究结果呈现出多样化特征。本文选取2009-2018年间在中国创业板上市的708家企业为样本,从创新投入和创新产出视角,构建创新生产模型研究风险投资对中国企业技术创新的作用。研究发现：风险投资背景对企业创新投入和创新产出没有显著的促进作用;风险投资机构的数量对企业创新投入和创新产出有显著影响;风险投资机构的持股比例对企业创新投入和创新产出有负向作用;风险投资金额对企业创新投入有显著的促进作用,对企业创新产出则没有影响。进一步的检验揭示了研发投入对于风险投资机构数量和创新产出之间的中介效应,企业创新产出主要源于风险投资机构数量累积效应下的企业研发投入实现。研究结果表明,风险投资对中国企业的技术创新同时具有促进效应和抑制效应。 相似文献
15.
准确评估风险投资的进入时间、技术偏好对创业企业创新绩效的影响,对我国风险投资发展、指导未来我国产业结构转型升级具有重要意义。本文与进入创业企业的时间联系,考虑其技术偏好,构筑了“风险投资进入时间--技术偏好--创业企业创新绩效影响”逻辑链条;并以2009-2012年创业板制造业企业为例,采用PSM方法,分析了不同时间进入的风险投资的技术偏好及其对创业企业创新绩效的影响得到：上市前1年内进入的风险投资的技术偏好不显著,对创业企业创新绩效的动态促进作用不显著,无论是突破式创新还是渐进式创新;上市前1年以上进入的风险投资的技术偏好显著,对创业企业创新绩效存在显著的动态促进作用,但随着时间推移,对创业企业创新绩效的影响程度越来越小,且对渐进式创新影响的持续性和程度大于突破式创新。 相似文献
16.
专利是企业创新的重要产出形式,作为一种专有性资产会给企业带来竞争优势。围绕此议题,已有研究通过资源观视角提供了丰富的理论解释和实证检验。在企业实践中,专利的战略作用还体现在向利益相关者释放企业技术水平的信号,但在现有研究、特别是中国情境的研究中没有受到足够的关注。研究运用信号理论的相关观点探讨了企业专利活动在资本市场上的信号释放作用以及影响信号有效性的调节机制。基于中国2 250家上市公司2001—2011年14 817个观测值的面板数据分析可以得出的初步结论是:中国企业的专利数量对上市公司的市场价值有显著的正向影响,说明专利活动向投资者传递了积极的信号;同时,这种正向影响在企业可见性和行业竞争强度更高时更强。 相似文献
17.
创业企业的创新活动对其生存和发展具有重要影响,风险投资和天使投资作为创业初期两种重要的权益资本来源,对其创业创新活动有重要的影响,但其影响的机理和效果却存在一定的差异.本文利用美国考夫曼创业企业基金会的"考夫曼企业调查"(Kauffman firm survey,KFS)数据进行了实证分析,指出具有风险投资融资背景的创业企业更关注企业长期竞争力的构建与维持,注重创新活动的投入与质量,从而在R&D费用投入强度方面比天使投资参与的创业企业要高;具有天使投资的创业企业则更看重短期创新活动的产出效果,从而在专利申请量上略高于风险投资参与的创业企业. 相似文献
18.
信号丢失视角下的企业专利战略研究 《科学学研究》2022,40(2):297-308
以往研究基于信号理论,强调专利信号对企业资源获取的积极影响,而未能解决企业如何应对专利流失的问题。本研究使用我国专利密集型产业的上市公司样本,探讨了企业专利数量的减少如何影响企业后续专利申请行为。通过构建2008-2017年中国专利密集型上市公司的面板数据,使用负二项回归进行分析,发现企业专利数量的减少会触发企业的积极响应,促使企业申请更多的专利来恢复专利的信号功能。同时,企业的响应力度会受到内外情境因素的影响,其中企业连锁董事网络的中心地位和政治联系具有消极的调节作用,而组织绩效则具有积极的调节作用。本研究从信号丢失的全新视角揭示了企业如何解决专利流失问题,并为我国企业的专利申请战略提供了理论参考。 相似文献
19.
风险投资是为科技企业和创新活动融通资金的重要渠道。本文对我国中小板上市公司的实证研究发现,无论从研发投入还是从专利数量上来看,有风险投资参与的企业在技术创新上的表现要显著好于无风险投资参与的企业。进一步的回归分析发现,在资本背景和经验背景不同的情况下,风险投资对企业技术创新的影响不同。政府背景风险投资的参与、公司背景风险投资的参与以及混合资本背景风险投资的参与与企业研发投入呈负相关关系。风险投资机构的经验越丰富对企业研发投入的影响越积极。 相似文献
20.
Roy Rothwell 《Research Policy》1985,14(5):253-265
During the tenure of the current Conservative administration, public policy in Britain has very much favoured the smaller firm. This policy emphasis appears to be based on a belief in the superior job creating potential and innovatory capacity of smaller firms over their larger counterparts. Evidence presented in the paper shows that small firms have, indeed, made an important contribution to innovation in the UK and that their share of significant British innovations has increased significantly since the mid-1970s. An important aspect of small firm policy in the UK has been the introduction of several schemes designed to increase the flow of capital into the small firm sector, with special emphasis being placed on venture capital. The first of these schemes, the Loan Guarantee Scheme, has directed capital from the banks into over 14,000 small firms. The second scheme, the Business Expansion Scheme, has increased significantly the overall flow of venture capital and has biased investments towards start-up and early stage financing. These two schemes, together with the establishment of an Unlisted Securities Market, have provided some impetus to the development of private sector venture capital in Britain, which is growing apace. Essentially, the public sector schemes have underwritten the costs of entry to the venture capital market of both individual and institutional investors. In other words, they have had an important catalytic effect in stimulating the growth of private sector venture capital industry which is now the largest in Europe. 相似文献