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通过对18名北京体育大学中国游泳运动学院的一级游泳运动员进行陆上瑞士球核心训练和水中瑞士球核心训练，探讨水中瑞士球训练对优秀游泳运动员核心稳定性和运动表现的影响。结果表明，8周陆上和水中瑞士球训练均能显著提高优秀游泳运动员躯干力量、背肌耐力和身体平衡性，改善运动员陆上身体控制和平衡能力，进而改善游泳运动员力量传导的效率，促进躯干和上下肢之间力量的有效转移，提升打腿和划手的效果，提高50 m自由泳运动表现；两种训练对运动员柔韧性和功能性表现无显著影响；水中瑞士球训练对各测试的提升幅度和RPE强度上均高于陆上瑞士球训练，且水中瑞士球训练手段可以更有效提高游泳运动员的50 m自由泳运动表现。 相似文献
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以采用试验室录像视频和现场发球旋转判断为任务,分析运动员不同试验条件下判断反应时间和准确性之间的差异,探讨试验研究刺激材料的生态学效度对研究结果的影响.选取6名国家乒乓球女队运动员为研究对象,运用重复测量方差分析方法和卡方检验进行分析,研究结果表明:(1)不同试验条件对运动员旋转方式的操作绩效有影响,现场情境下运动员的操作绩效高,试验室情境下运动员的操作绩效低;现场情境下研究的生态学效度,运动员表现为较高判断正确率和较快判断反应时间.(2)不同试验条件下运动员的旋转方式判断存在差异,现场条件下运动员侧下旋判断准确性高,对转球判断准确性最低,在试验室条件下运动员对转球判断准确性高,对不转球准确性最低. 相似文献
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运用调查法、观察法、统计法、文献综述法对河南省中牟乒乓球馆不同多球训练密度对少儿乒乓球运动员的影响进行分析。结果显示：多球训练的密度过大对少儿运动员生理心理方面产生很大的副作用，严重脱离了少儿身心发展特点；密度过小，体现不出多球训练的作用。因此适宜训练密度对少儿乒乓球运动员有着非常重要的意义。 相似文献
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羽毛球多球训练的生化分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文根据羽毛球运动训练与运动生物化学的基本原理，系统测试与研究广东省羽毛球队运动员三次国内外羽毛球大型比赛、一般身体素质训练与多球训练的血乳酸及心率的变化．研究结果：羽毛球多球训练，不仅能提高运动员的身体素质，而且也能提高运动员的专项运动技术；同时，羽毛球多球训练中，其球数、组合、运动时间与间歇时间的不同，训练的目的性也不同。 相似文献
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运用文献资料法、实验法以及数理统计法等研究方法,对河南师范大学体育学院网球专选班学生的专项知觉运动技能训练的方法和手段进行了研究,并利用接发球判断绩效实验进行了测试以此评价专项知觉运动技能训练对发展网球运动员运动绩效的影响。结果表明:通过专项知觉运动技能训练,网球运动员接发球判断的反应时和准确率都有了一定程度的提高。 相似文献
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球感指的是水球运动员在训练和比赛中对球性能的感觉。球感是运动员必须具备的基本功,既体现运动员对球的不同的运行速度、距离、反弹高低、方向变化等的观察判断能力,又体现运动员在正确观察判断下的正确运用技术的能力。球感的正确形成和发展,是受多种因素影响的,视... 相似文献
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少年篮球运动员球感的形成和培养，涉及到心理、生理和训练手段等多方面的因素，深入认识和理解与球感相关的诸多要素，准确地掌握少年篮球运动员球感形成和培养的内在规律，科学地把握球感训练中的关键环节，从而快速有效地提高少年篮球运动员对球的控制和支配能力，为他们日后篮球技术的发展奠定坚实的基础。 相似文献
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篮球运动员的球感在篮球运动员的成长与训练中具有特殊意义，对影响篮球运动员球感发挥的因素进行分析，旨在为篮球运动员的球感训练及选材提供参考依据。 相似文献
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以北京师范大学高水平女子篮球运动队20名运动员为调查对象,通过"问题—途径—程序"的思路确定EAP干预方案,在训练期间进行干预,对干预前后意志品质、团队凝聚力、团队情绪整合水平、团队绩效进行调查,结果发现:根据EAP模型的干预对篮球运动队的团队情绪整合水平、团队凝聚力水平、团队绩效均具有积极的促进作用;根据EAP模型的干预对篮球运动员意志品质的决策及时性、倦怠耐久、独立性、坚韧性均具有积极的影响;阵容(PG、SF、C、SF、PF)是最适合对抗传统篮球战术人员结构的阵容配备;提供了一个将EAP应用于运动领域的实践案例和研究思路。 相似文献
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Violeta Beniscelli Gershon Tenenbaum Robert Joel Schinke Miquel Torregrosa 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):710-721
AbstractIn this study, we explored the multifaceted concept of perceived mental and physical effort in team sport contexts where athletes must invest individual and shared efforts to reach a common goal. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 15 Catalan professional coaches (3 women and 12 men, 3 each from the following sports: volleyball, basketball, handball, soccer, and water polo) to gain their views of three perceived effort-related dimensions: physical, psychological, and tactical. From a theoretical thematic analysis, it was found that the perception of effort is closely related to how effort is distributed within the team. Moreover, coaches viewed physical effort in relation to the frequency and intensity of the players’ involvement in the game. They identified psychological effort in situations where players pay attention to proper cues, and manage emotions under difficult circumstances. Tactical effort addressed the decision-making process of players and how they fulfilled their roles while taking into account the actions of their teammates and opponents. Based on these findings, a model of perceived distributed effort was developed, which delineates the elements that compose each of the aforementioned dimensions. Implications of perceived distributed effort in team coordination and shared mental models are discussed. 相似文献
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Hoff J 《Journal of sports sciences》2005,23(6):573-582
Elite soccer players spend a substantial amount of time trying to improve physical capacities, including aerobic endurance and strength and the strength derivatives of speed and power. The average oxygen uptake for international soccer teams ranges from 55 to 68 ml.kg-1.min-1 and the half-squat maximal strength from 120 to 180 kg. These values are similar to those found in other team sports. Recently, it has been shown that the heart's stroke volume is the element in the oxygen chain that mainly limits aerobic endurance for athletes. These findings have given rise to more intensive training interventions to secure high stroke volumes, which, in turn, have proved positive in changing both maximal oxygen consumption and soccer performance in terms of distance covered, contacts with the ball and number of sprints in a game. The training employed has consisted of 4x4-min "intervals" running uphill at 90-95% of maximal heart rate interspersed with 3 min jogging at 70% of maximal heart rate to facilitate removal of lactate. Research has revealed that a soccer-specific training routine with the ball might be as effective as plain running. Strength training to produce neural adaptations has been effective in changing not only strength in terms of "one-repetition maximum", but also sprinting velocity and jumping height, in elite soccer players without any change in body mass. The same training has also improved running economy and thus aerobic endurance performance. The training regimen used for a European Champions League team was 4x4 repetitions of half-squats with the emphasis on maximal mobilization of force in the concentric action. 相似文献
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A nomological network on team dynamics in sports consisting of a multiframework perspective is introduced and tested. The aim was to explore the interrelationship among cohesion, team mental models (TMMs), collective efficacy (CE) and perceived performance potential (PPP). Three hundred and forty college-aged soccer players representing 17 different teams (8 female and 9 male) participated in the study. They responded to surveys on team cohesion, TMMs, CE and PPP. Results are congruent with the theoretical conceptualisation of a parsimonious view of team dynamics in sports. Specifically, cohesion was found to be an exogenous variable predicting both TMMs and CE beliefs. TMMs and CE were correlated and predicted PPP, which in turn accounted for 59% of the variance of objective performance scores as measured by teams’ season record. From a theoretical standpoint, findings resulted in a parsimonious view of team dynamics, which may represent an initial step towards clarifying the epistemological roots and nomological network of various team-level properties. From an applied standpoint, results suggest that team expertise starts with the establishment of team cohesion. Following the establishment of cohesiveness, teammates are able to advance team-related schemas and a collective sense of confidence. Limitations and key directions for future research are outlined. 相似文献
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运用录像观察法、文献资料法、逻辑分析法、专家访谈法、结合运动训练理论和现行足球规则,对冠军球队的比赛阵型、进攻区域、以及主要进攻的途径、方式、效率等进行统计分析,从而从中找到冠军球队在足球比赛中进攻技战术的基本规律,旨为足球训练中的理论提供参考依据。 相似文献
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足球运动员的体适能训练是一个复杂的结构系统，但是足球运动训练的科学化程度却远远落后于时代的发展。本文从运动生理学角度对足球运动员的力量、速度、耐力、柔韧性和心理素质的训练方法进行了分析，为丰富足球运动体适能训练理论，提高我国足球运动员体适能水平提供理论依据。 相似文献
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中、美高校女子足球队发展的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
运用问卷调查、专家访谈、文献资料调研、数理统计以及比较分析等方法,对中、美高校 女子足球运动队的选材、运动员上大学前文化水平及足球技术水平、参加比赛的情况、教练员情 况以及训练等方面进行对比研究。结果表明,中国高校受选材的形式和录取资格等因素的限制 很难招到高水平的女子足球运动员;中国高校女子足球队伍每年参加的比赛比美国少得多;中 国高校女子足球教练员兼职的较多,教练员的待遇比较差,而美国高校女子足球教练员大多是 专职的,待遇很高;中国高校女子足球缺乏训练安排系统性和针对性,而美国高校女子足球训练 安排非常科学、有针对性。就此提出中国高校女子足球队快速、健康发展的建议。 相似文献
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The success or failure of any team lies in the skills and abilities of the players that comprise the team. The process of player selection and team formation in multi-player sports is a complex multi-criteria problem where the ultimate success is determined by how the collection of individual players forms an effective team. In general, the selection of soccer players and formation of a team are judgments made by the coaches on the basis of the best available information. Very few structured and analytical models have been developed to support coaches in this effort. We propose a two-phase framework for player selection and team formation in soccer. The first phase evaluates the alternative players with a fuzzy ranking method and selects the top performers for inclusion in the team. The second phase evaluates the alternative combinations of the selected players with a Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and selects the best combinations for team formation. A case study is used to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach. 相似文献
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This study tested a video training method that was intended to improve the observational skills of soccer coaches. Three groups of soccer coaches were tested prior to and following a training period. The experimental group was exposed to a video training programme that was designed to highlight certain key elements of soccer team performance. Although both control groups were exposed to the same video excerpts as the experimental group, they were given different orienting activities. The subjects in control group 2 were asked to discuss these excerpts with a colleague and then write a report on what they had seen, while control group 1 members repeated prior test conditions that required them to remember certain events that preceded the scoring of goals. The results indicate that, although all coaches were incapable of remembering more than 40% of pertinent information, the subjects in the experimental group improved their ability to recall all events that surrounded the 'taking of shots'. 相似文献
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Maamer Slimani Nicola Luigi Bragazzi David Tod Alexandre Dellal Olivier Hue Foued Cheour 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(24):2338-2349
ABSTRACTSoccer players are required to have well-developed physical, technical and cognitive abilities. The present systematic review, adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, examined the effects of cognitive training strategies on motor and positive psychological skills development in soccer performance and identified the potential moderators of the “cognitive training–soccer performance” relationship. Thirteen databases were systematically searched using keywords related to psychological or cognitive training in soccer players. The review is based on 18 studies, employing 584 soccer players aged 7–39 years. Cognitive strategies, particularly imagery, appear to improve sports performance in soccer players. Regarding imagery, the combination of two different types of cognitive imagery training (i.e., cognitive general and cognitive specific) has a positive influence on soccer performance during training, whereas motivational imagery (i.e., motivational general-arousal, motivational general-mastery and motivational specific) enhance competition performance. Younger soccer players employ cognitive general and cognitive specific imagery techniques to a greater extent than older soccer players. Combined cognitive training strategies were more beneficial than a single cognitive strategy relative to motor skills enhancement in elite (particularly midfielders) and amateur (i.e., when practising complex and specific soccer skills in precompetitive period) soccer players. In conclusion, it appears that there are differences in cognitive/psychological training interventions, and their efficacy, according to whether they are directed towards training or competition, and the age, standard and playing position of the players. 相似文献
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中国女足与亚洲高水平女足进攻能力的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用数理统计法、专家访谈法、文献资料法对亚洲实力最强的5支女子足球队的攻击能力进行比较分析发现,目前中国队在这5支球队当中攻击能力最弱,在进攻的各个技术环节上都落后于另外4支球队。因此通过进攻指标的数据比较来研究我国女足在进攻上存在的问题并找出差距,为提高我国女足的进攻能力提供有价值的参考依据。 相似文献