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分析了三种类型的网络对于企业的知识创造及管理活动的影响。社会网络理论讨论网络内的知识流动，以及网络联结的强度如何影响知识转化过程；外部网络理论讨论企业的互补知识如何形成，企业之间的学习过程如何实现；内部网络理论则关注不同的结构和管理过程如何帮助及促进知识的创造与转化。 相似文献
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This article investigates how actors positioned in a network can evolve as knowledge brokers, as well as how they act to develop new brokerage roles. Our focus is on actor's behaviour while previous studies concentrate more on the structural and positional determinants of brokerage roles. This research combines brokerage roles with a broker's functions in an exploratory study of a small Italian comics publishing house. Over 20 years, the firm played different brokerage roles involving different actors at national and international levels. We find that if all brokerage roles involve transcoding functions, the ability to overcome transcoding obstacles, through the use of shared imprinting with receiving partners, could be useful for developing any brokerage role. Moreover, heterogeneity in the competences and industry experience of hired members of the management team could support the development of new brokerage roles, with differentiated effects on various brokers’ functions. If a brokerage role involves new actors with no previous allegiance, the status of the broker, signalled through network relations, can have significant impacts by indirectly communicating its superior knowledge. The proposed, emerging theoretical framework has direct implications for studies of knowledge brokers and innovation in social networks, as well as for entrepreneurship research. 相似文献
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《Information processing & management》2020,57(4):102237
This paper analyses how the knowledge shared between employees and suppliers within a private enterprise social network affects process improvement. Data was collected from internal documents, and the internal and external enterprise social networks used by an international insurance company; the average cycle time for handling 8494 claims and 3240 messages posted on the internal and external social networks was analysed. Social network analysis techniques were combined with principal component analysis and structural equation modeling, and the results demonstrate that the knowledge shared within the internal and external social network can explain 35.10% of process improvement variability, while the knowledge shared within the internal social network explains 89.90% of external social network variability. The analysis also demonstrates that: (i) the knowledge shared among employees positively affects process improvement; (ii) the knowledge shared among suppliers negatively affects process improvement; and (iii) the knowledge shared among employees positively affects the knowledge shared among supply chain members. These findings have theoretical and practical implications. They extend the literature in the knowledge management and information management field by offering empirical evidence of how the knowledge shared through an enterprise social network affects business process improvement, using the objective data provided by Yammer. They also provide a strategic tool for managers that will allow them to better understand how they can use the enterprise social network for business processes improvement. 相似文献
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[目的/意义]知识经济时代,随着知识成为开放性资源,如何利用社会化网络进行创新知识获取是企业进行开放式创新的关键。[方法/过程]本文从厘清社会化网络、知识协同、开放式创新三者概念和关系出发,提出三者作用的理论知识链,并据此构建了社会化网络影响量表与知识协同量表,运用问卷调查和人员访谈得到的数据,利用结构方程模型实证探究了三者之间的路径关系。[结果/结论]实证结果发现社会化网络对于知识协同和开放式创新有着明显的促进作用,知识协同对于开放式创新有着显著性影响,其中知识协同起到部分中介作用。因此,实现企业的知识共享与转化,建构开放、交互性的社会化网络系统是提高企业创新绩效的关键。 相似文献
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对国内外社会网络视角下的知识管理研究状况进行了系统归纳和总结,指出目前社会网络与知识管理的结合研究主要围绕社会网络视角下的企业知识活动形成机制、社会网络属性对知识管理中的知识活动着重研究社会网络、知识管理如何共同提升企业竞争力,社会网络、知识管理、竞争情报的交融以及企业知识网络等问题. 相似文献
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借助社会网络分析方法,通过与知识管理活动尤其是知识共享的结合,构建了一个基于知识管理背景的知识创新与共享模型,探讨社会网络的联结特性和结构形态如何对知识创新与共享的实现过程产生促进作用,最后利用社会网络分析工具对知识管理虚拟社区中的知识共享行为进行了量化分析,从而找出人与人之间隐含的知识分布特点与共享规律,并对如何提高社区知识共享效率提出相应的策略,以促进网络结构的优化和虚拟社区的集体智慧发展。 相似文献
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In the current discussion of the intellectual capital, three main themes have been brought up: intangible assets, the dynamic capabilities to create and modify these assets, and the social relationships in which the knowledge processes take place, that is social capital. Within the latter view, knowledge is understood as a socially constructed and shared resource, and the focus is on the characteristics of the social relationships connecting the various actors and on the benefits these bring to the participants. Even though it is widely agreed that knowledge is essentially social by nature and that social capital does matter to the corporate bottom line, there are relatively few previous studies that have empirically examined the impact of social capital on organizational growth. To bridge this gap, the paper empirically examines how social capital residing in both intra-organizational and inter-organizational relationships of firms is related with organizational growth. The results suggest that contrary to the theoretical claims in the existing literature, social capital has only meagre role in promoting organizational growth. 相似文献
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Why space matters in technological innovation systems—Mapping global knowledge dynamics of membrane bioreactor technology 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Studies on technological innovation systems (TISs) often set spatial boundaries at the national level and treat supranational levels as a geographically undifferentiated and freely accessible global technological opportunity set. This article criticizes this conceptualization and proposes instead to analyze relevant actors, networks and processes in TIS from a relational perspective on space. It develops an analytical framework which allows investigating innovation processes (or ‘functions’) of a TIS at and across different spatial scales. Based on social network analysis of a co-publication dataset from membrane bioreactor technology, we illustrate how the spatial characteristics of collaborations in knowledge creation vary greatly over relatively short periods of time. This finding suggests that TIS studies should be more reflexive on system boundary setting both regarding the identification and analysis of core processes as well as in the formulation of policy advice. 相似文献
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Tony Kinder 《Research Policy》2003,32(3):503-523
The paper analyses the changes that an extended enterprise model of firms introduces into supply relations. After outlining the nature and characteristics of extended enterprises and the evolving nature of supply relations, the paper suggests a tool for supply network policy makers and a practical benchmarking tool for sectoral supply network management. It introduces the idea of value streams and flows and illustrates with empirical evidence from West Lothian, Scotland how and why supply networks are conduits of value and knowledge. The paper suggests how the value flow benchmarking tool may be used to approach decisions on the use of e-procurement and concludes with suggestions for further research. 相似文献
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跨国专利合作对于我国企业的技术创新具有重要意义。整合不同接近性因素来观察空间分散个体间的知识流动现象成为理论研究的新热点。既有研究分别探讨了地理接近性和社会接近性对远距离技术知识合作的影响,然而对二者的相互作用关系尚缺乏深入认识。基于112家中外企业的跨国专利合作数据,采用整体网络分析方法,研究发现地理接近性与跨国专利合作网络节点连接距离正相关,对连接重要程度无显著影响,说明地理空间并没有显著阻碍企业间的跨国专利合作。社会接近性对二者均有显著正向影响且对地理接近性与连接距离的相互关系具有中介作用,表明基于科技人员往来形成的密切社会关系有助于促进远距离技术知识合作。 相似文献
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基于气候变化和能源安全的现实考虑，低碳技术创新已成为全球重要议题。本文首先从理论上分析低碳技术合作创新网络中的多维邻近性及演化，然后以低碳汽车技术为例，基于联合申请专利，利用数据挖掘与社会网络分析构建1992-2011年全球低碳汽车技术合作创新网络，考察网络中多维邻近性存在与否，演化过程如何。研究表明，低碳技术及其合作创新网络与多维邻近性协同演化；低碳技术合作创新网络中多维邻近性演化涉及不同国家地区与行动者网络位置与能力的演变；低碳技术合作创新网络中多维邻近性演化需注意避免过度邻近的“锁定效应”。 相似文献
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Contemporary information technologies such as social media have invigorated the way knowledge is shared within organizations to the extent that we have to rethink and reassess our understanding of the role and influence of technology in organizational processes and knowledge sharing. This paper uses the strategy as practice lens guided by the interpretivist philosophy to understand the influence of informal social media practices on knowledge sharing and work processes within an organization. The paper uses empirical evidence from the case study of a telecom organization in Tanzania to gain theoretical insight into informal social media practices and knowledge sharing. This research contributes to the Information Systems (IS) literature by asserting that organizational processes are achieved by mundane knowledge sharing mediated by informal social media use within the organization. Also, the study contributes to IS literature by highlighting how emerging informal practices are essential to daily processes within organizations. 相似文献
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本文通过对106家中国上市企业在2009—2018年的面板数据进行多元回归分析,探讨了知识距离和企业知识基础的交互匹配对企业绿色创新的影响机制,以及网络密度在其中的调节作用。研究发现,拥有多样化知识基础的企业,嵌入到低知识距离联盟中更有利于企业绿色创新;而拥有专业化知识基础的企业,嵌入到高知识距离联盟中更有利于企业绿色创新。松散网络抑制了专业化知识基础和高知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的正向效应,但改善了专业化知识基础和低知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的影响,其调节效应在一段时间后可持续;紧密网络强化了专业化知识基础和高知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的影响,以及多样化知识基础和低知识距离的组合对企业绿色创新的正向效应,其调节效应随着时间推移而减弱。本文有助于识别企业绿色创新的最优内外部知识配置和网络结构,为提升我国企业绿色创新效果提供理论参考。 相似文献
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通过对网络密度、知识流入与管理创新的文献回顾,构建了网络密度、知识流入和企业管理创新之间的理论模型,并以3478家申报广东省高新技术企业和民营科技型企业的企业为研究对象对模型进行了实证检验。结果表明,网络密度对管理创新具有显著的正向影响,知识流入在网络密度与管理创新之间起到完全中介作用。此外,还通过引入企业规模与研发投入两个控制变量对模型作了进一步验证,研究发现,对于大规模企业来说,知识流入对企业管理创新不会产生显著的正向影响;而从小规模企业来看,网络密度对知识流入也没有显著的正向影响作用,因此,为了有效提升企业管理创新绩效,企业应保持企业规模在合理的水平。 相似文献
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Complexity, networks and knowledge flow 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Because knowledge plays an important role in the creation of wealth, economic actors often wish to skew the flow of knowledge in their favor. We ask, when will an actor socially close to the source of some knowledge have the greatest advantage over distant actors in receiving and building on the knowledge? Marrying a social network perspective with a view of knowledge transfer as a search process, we argue that the value of social proximity to the knowledge source depends crucially on the nature of the knowledge at hand. Simple knowledge diffuses equally to close and distant actors because distant recipients with poor connections to the source of the knowledge can compensate for their limited access by means of unaided local search. Complex knowledge resists diffusion even within the social circles in which it originated. With knowledge of moderate complexity, however, high-fidelity transmission along social networks combined with local search allows socially proximate recipients to receive and extend knowledge generated elsewhere, while interdependencies stymie more distant recipients who rely heavily on unaided search. To test this hypothesis, we examine patent data and compare citation rates across proximate and distant actors on three dimensions: (1) the inventor collaboration network; (2) firm membership; and (3) geography. We find robust support for the proposition that socially proximate actors have the greatest advantage over distant actors for knowledge of moderate complexity. We discuss the implications of our findings for the distribution of intra-industry profits, the geographic agglomeration of industries, the design of social networks within firms, and the modularization of technologies. 相似文献
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以2000—2013年广东省产学研合作专利申请数据为基础,利用社会网络分析方法呈现产学研合作网络动态变化情况,并构建知识溢出函数模型,分析产学研合作网络对知识溢出的影响机制。结果表明,产学研合作网络及其结构特征对知识溢出存在显著影响,其中网络规模、结点接近中心度、外源结点数的增加,能显著提高合作网络的知识溢出水平;网络密度的提高,则会降低合作网络的知识溢出水平。最后提出提升产学研合作网络知识溢出效应的政策建议。 相似文献
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基于社会网络和知识基础理论,以知识管理能力为中介变量,并打开其“黑箱”,探究企业社会网络影响创新绩效的内在机理,运用结构方程模型分析和Bootstrap等方法,对相关假设进行检验。结果表明,企业内部社会网络能够通过内部知识管理能力的中介作用提升企业创新绩效,内部社会网络会依次通过知识创造、知识转化和知识创新能力的链式传导作用,对企业创新绩效产生积极影响;企业外部社会网络能够通过外部知识管理能力的中介作用提升企业创新绩效,外部社会网络会依次通过知识吸收、知识连接和知识解吸能力的链式传导作用,对企业创新绩效产生积极影响;企业内、外部社会网络的交互项也能够通过内部和外部知识管理能力的中介作用提升企业创新绩效。 相似文献
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We present a study exploring the connection between social networks and collaborative process. We focus on exploring academics' network position and its effect on their collaborative networks. In this paper, we discuss two types of networks of collaboration—(i) citation; and, (ii) co authorship. We explore the effects of social networks on these two types of collaborative process. By defining network position in this way, we develop a social network that uses the academics as nodes within the network instead of each published paper. We obtained the collaboration data through archival records (i.e. Web of Science) and examined the interactions among different actors from the archival records for determining the existence and strength of relations between actors. 相似文献