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1.
为厘清技术推动力和市场拉动力对于科技型小微企业破坏性创新的影响机理,本研究基于技术和市场领域中探索与利用的组合分别探讨了单一探索、单一利用、技术双元、市场双元、技术开发和市场开发六种可能的双元性组合策略对科技型小微企业低端破坏性创新和新市场破坏性创新的影响。通过对佛山地区364家科技型小微企业的调查研究,实证分析结果显示基于“技术利用×市场利用”组合的单一利用策略和基于“技术探索×市场利用”组合的技术开发策略对科技型小微企业的低端破坏性创新具有显著的正向影响;而基于“技术利用×市场探索”组合的市场开发策略和基于“技术探索×市场探索”组合的单一探索策略对于科技型小微企业的新市场破坏性创新具有显著的正向影响。 相似文献
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本文借助文献计量分析，采用动态、系统与历史的视角较为客观地对探索与利用的知识基础及其演进过程进行研究，发现：探索与利用研究的知识基础可分为相互联系又相互独立的六大模块，包括组织双元性、组织学习与知识管理、关系、组织变革、资源基础观和定量研究方法；其演进过程可划分为三个阶段，1991-2000年为初级探索阶段，知识基础较为零散，散落于组织学习、技术创新、信息管理、知识管理、战略联盟等领域；2001-2010年为利用和优化前期成果的中间阶段，知识基础由发散到集中，逐渐形成了相对独立的核心知识结构；2011-2015年为进一步优化和应用拓展的成熟阶段，研究模型精致严谨、逻辑严密、研究方法系统规范，研究情境更加多元化。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104396
We draw on information risk theory and paradox theory to examine the additive and combined effects of disclosing exploration and exploitation information on cost of equity capital. We build on theory that presupposes that the information disclosed by a firm about its innovation activities will reduce information risk of investors. However, we contend that disclosure of exploration and exploitation innovation activities could convey potentially paradoxical expectations about a firm's future value. Based on longitudinal data of the UK FTSE 350 firms from 2011–2016, we show that firms tend to disclose more information related to exploration than exploitation. However, the bulk of market benefits are driven by exploitation rather than exploration disclosures—except for R&D-active firms that are rewarded for exploration disclosure. We also find that the combined disclosure is negatively associated with cost of equity capital, with the sub-population of R&D-active firms particularly accruing synergies from combined disclosure of both exploration and exploitation. These findings suggest that the market differentiates between exploration and exploitation information in addressing information risk, more so than previously assumed. We discuss implications for information-type-dependency in information-risk theory, the outward projection of internal paradoxes, capital market valuations of disclosure by R&D-active firms, opportunity-seeking by large publicly listed corporations, and policy implications. 相似文献
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破坏事件作为组织负效应的研究分支被组织创新领域学者广泛关注,近期基于创新理论与非契约治理中的组织惯例研究意识到,组织内外基于颠覆性创新的不同类型破坏事件有可能对组织惯例的非契约治理结果存在不同影响。基于此,本文结合双元创新理论与社会网络理论,以组织适应性作为因变量,探究不同阶段破坏事件发生的情况下双元惯例的治理选择问题。实证结果表明,在一阶破坏水平高而二阶破坏水平低的情况下利用式惯例与探索式惯例对组织适应性同样有效;在一阶破坏水平低而二阶破坏水平高的情况下探索式惯例对组织适应性存在正向促进作用而利用式惯例对组织适应性存在负向抑制作用。研究结论有利于理解破坏事件通过惯例促进组织适应性与组织绩效原因,并为企业如何利用组织双元惯例在组织变革中存活与提升组织适应性提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Ram Mudambi 《Research Policy》2011,40(3):429-440
The external environment is characterized by periods of relative stability interspersed with periods of extreme change, implying that high performing firms must practice exploration and exploitation in order to survive and thrive. In this paper, we posit that R&D expenditure volatility indicates the presence of proactive R&D management, and is evidence of a firm moving from exploitation to exploration over time. This is consistent with a punctuated equilibrium model of R&D investment where shocks are induced by reactions to external turbulence. Using an unbalanced panel of almost 11,000 firm-years from 1997 to 2006, we show that greater fluctuations in the firm's R&D expenditure over time are associated with higher firm growth. Developing a contextual view of the relationship between R&D expenditure volatility and firm growth, we find that this relationship is weaker among firms with higher levels of corporate diversification and negative among smaller firms and those in slow clockspeed industries. 相似文献
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Sustainable competitive advantage of a firm may lie in the firm’s ability to exploit its current competencies while simultaneously exploring new capabilities. However, this is hard to be achieved at the same time. Therefore, a conceptual decision-making framework is proposed to fulfil this task. First, to balance exploitation and exploration under punctuated equilibrium, a fuzzy analytic network process with goal programming is developed to help decision makers select the best projects under specific environments. Second, an executive committee, where experts use computer groupware with the Delphi technique to balance exploratory and exploitative activities flexibly, is formed to allocate limited resources during the implementation of the projects. After a practical investigation, the research concludes that the strategy targeted for balancing exploitation and exploration should be periodically adjusted, and the limited resources should be allocated during the execution of projects. Specifically, the proposed model for sustainable competitive advantage is recommended to practitioners in developing and implementing projects. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104426
We propose a new measure of the exploratory activities of companies based on the idea that experimentation with new courses of action and the need to describe them entails the adoption of new words in firm regulatory disclosures. Unlike traditional indicators, such as R&D spending, the proposed exploration indicator is available for all publicly traded firms across all industries. The exploration indicator predicts firm knowledge accumulation, as measured by future patenting and trademarking activities. It further shows that firm exploration declines after periods of high R&D spending and over time. The exploration indicator correlates positively with firm risk and exhibits a distinct positive impact on firm value unexplained by traditional innovation indicators. Our language-based approach can be applied to measure creative contributions in other domains, such as government grant applications and academic publications. 相似文献
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探索性活动与利用性活动之间存在知识冲突与需求张力,如何从旨在长期获益的探索性活动和着眼于短期利益的利用性活动之间找寻平衡,是学术和管理实践迫切需要解决的难题。自1991年March提出探索与利用张力以来,相关研究迅速蔓延到组织的许多领域。本文以WOS中1991-2016年间"探索与利用"研究的施引文献为研究对象,从关键词共现、作品共被引、关键路径3个层次进行分析,挖掘该领域的研究热点,知识基础及关键路径,以期为学者提供文献分析的便利。基于上述分析发现,当今"双元性（Ambidexterity）"是该领域的热门研究主题,与"知识管理"、"动态能力"等研究紧密相连;本研究的样本文献从基础理论,"探索与利用"张力相关研究话题,研究方法论3个方面构建了该领域的知识基础;该领域研究存在着"探索与利用"张力的表现形式及解决办法两条关键发展路径,未发现转折点。 相似文献
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基于265家新创企业样本数据,将环境动荡性纳入到开发式创新和探索式创新的前因研究框架中,构建理论模型,利用层级回归进行实证检验。研究结果表明:技术环境和市场环境的动荡性是企业调整开发式创新和探索式创新的重要前因,环境动荡性对新创企业的探索式创新有显著正向作用,对开发式创新有显著负向作用,对两种创新的平衡并不存在显著的影响;开发式创新和探索式创新及其二者间的平衡都能显著地促进新创企业绩效,但探索式创新更有利于企业绩效的提高。新创企业需要在开发式创新和探索式创新间进行权衡取舍,避免采用双元性创新模式。 相似文献
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We investigate the relationship between a firm’s compensation structure and the extent to which its innovation is more exploration versus exploitation oriented. Specifically, we assess two aspects of a firm’s compensation design—horizontal dispersion within job levels and vertical tournament incentives between job levels. A six-year panel of compensation records of 671,028 employees working at 81 U.S.-based high technology firms between 1997 and 2002 are used to construct measures that characterize a firm's pay structure, which are linked to these firms’ patents filed in the U.S. We find that firms with higher-powered tournament incentives in vertical compensation structure report higher fraction of innovation directed towards exploration. Horizontal pay dispersion, on the other hand, shows a negative relationship with the exploration in firms where R&D employees’ age variance is low. In firms where R&D employees’ age variance is high, the negative relationship between horizontal pay dispersion and exploration is muted. 相似文献
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《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2022,33(2):100439
The literature has discussed the introduction of incentive structures as a means of achieving a balance between organizational exploration and exploitation. This study posits that this is not a reasonable approach to achieving such a balance. I used a micro-economic model where the explorative and exploitative activities are modeled in accordance with the definitions in March (1991). This model shows that the personal cost to the employee of performing activities was a crucial factor in determining their balancing of resources between exploration and exploitation. However, these personal costs are also the Achilles' heel of such balance calculations because information regarding this type of cost is incomplete and difficult, perhaps even impossible, for the owner or manager to obtain. Based on this and the process and output characteristics of exploratory activities, I argue that it is not appropriate to design a hard, quantitative performance measurement and incentive system to balance resource allocation between explorative and exploitative activities. The study shows that the solution to achieving such a balance must be found outside of the incentive system. Further, I posit that managing R&D departments requires the management to focus on enforcing productive workspaces and norms and not on performance measurement and associated disbursal of rewards/punishments. 相似文献
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我国改革开放以来的“下海潮”在公司高管团队中形成了学者型CEO的独特现象。本文从这一现实背景出发,基于高层梯队理论实证检验了CEO学术经历对企业创新的影响及其作用机理。研究发现,CEO学术经历能够提高企业创新约10%,该结论在控制内生性及其他稳健性检验之后仍然成立。进一步地,当CEO权力越大或来自内部晋升等CEO对创新决策的影响力越大时,其学术经历对企业创新的促进效应越强。作用机理的检验表明,当CEO从海外取得学术经历或具备高层次学术经历时,其所在企业的创新水平更高;同时,有学术经历CEO所在企业更有可能通过产学研结合的技术创新战略提升企业创新水平,从而为本文的“创新精神塑造假说”提供了较为充分的证据支持。本文在丰富企业创新和高层梯队理论领域文献的同时,对于上市公司制定科学合理的CEO聘任决策及推动企业创新具有重要的启示意义。 相似文献
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半个世纪以来,空间科学不仅极大拓展了人类的认知领域,改变了人类对自然与自身的认识,而且牵引和带动了航天和相关高技术的快速发展,为国家安全、科技进步提供了支撑和保障,同时通过大批创造性的发明和技术应用,为国家经济社会发展、人类生活质量改善提供了源源不断的创新活力。在分析国内空间科学发展现状的基础上,文章阐述了我国2016—2030年空间科学拟研究的前沿科学问题,提出了我国至2030年空间科学发展战略目标、空间科学计划及所包含的科学卫星任务,并探讨了支撑和保障空间科学发展所需的技术手段与能力。希望通过系列空间科学计划与任务的实施,为我国经济社会发展和人类文明进步做出应有的贡献。 相似文献
15.
Knowledge spillover occurs when recipient firms combine the knowledge of an originating firm with other knowledge. When recipient firms combine the originating firm's knowledge with knowledge that is unfamiliar to the originating firm, the recipient firms potentially provide insight to the originating firm on the viability of exploring such knowledge. By mimicking its recipient firms, the originating firm reduces the challenge and uncertainty of exploring unfamiliar knowledge domains. We examine the exploration activities of 87 telecommunications equipment manufacturers over a ten-year time period. We argue that those firms that operate in competitive and dynamic market environments promoting conservative risk-taking behavior will value such uncertainty reduction more highly and thus rely to a greater extent on their recipient firms for guidance on where to explore for new expertise. In contrast, firms in high-growth market environments are more likely to look beyond the activities of recipient firms when exploring new technological domains and rely less on mimicking their recipient firms. 相似文献
16.
Craig Randall Linda Edelman Robert Galliers 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2017,28(1):1-16
Although innovation is central to a firm's success and a top priority for most technology managers, firms commonly report disappointment that innovation outcomes do not match their original plans. This paper examines the difference in intended innovation and realized innovation using an exploration/exploitation framing. Its focus is on changes to defined innovation plans that occur after planning phases end. Extant literature and field research form the basis for hypotheses that are then tested using a large scale survey of an entire population of small and medium-sized high-technology enterprises (SMEs).Findings of compromised exploration in favor of exploitation, during the development phase, is quantified. Firms divert resources away from novel emergent exploration and into existing product development, thereby undercutting innovation plans. Intended innovation, established during the planning stages, is found to be compromised.Our hypotheses, that agency and resource dependence underpin a shifting between explorative and exploitative development, have support. The paper's theoretical contributions include the application of novel agency and resource dependence perspectives onto innovation. It informs ambidexterity research by indicating where, how much, and why erosion in the balance of exploration/exploitation occurs and provides new avenues for research into low innovation outcomes. 相似文献
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组织知识更新中的跨层次知识转移——基于组织学习层次分工的视角 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在动态环境中,组织需要不断地将个体层面的新知识转移进入组织层中来实现对原有知识的增强、补充和替代。通过这种组织知识更新活动,企业可以获得持续竞争优势。组织学习是完成跨层次知识转移的合适方式,但其中挖掘式学习与探索式学习间的对立与冲突又会阻碍组织知识活动的有效进行。通过阐述团队层和组织层中活动的差异性,提出利用层次间功能分工来实现两种组织学习方式的承接动态均衡而促进跨层次知识转移。团队层探索式学习会为企业形成内部已知新知识,组织层挖掘式学习则将这种已知知识在企业整体范围内进行开发和运用,最终使产生于个体的新知识转移进入到组织层知识集合中来完成组织知识更新。 相似文献
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研究分析了对外搜寻战略对企业新产品绩效的影响，检验了企业内部因素企业家导向和外部因素竞争程度对对外搜寻战略的调节作用以及其联合调节作用。运用318家企业的调研数据进行了模型验证，利用AMOS和SPSS软件分析后，结果表明，深度搜寻战略和宽度搜寻战略均有利于企业新产品绩效提升；企业家导向和竞争程度对搜寻战略与新产品绩效的关系存在联合调节作用。当竞争程度低时，企业应选择深度搜寻战略更利于新产品绩效，若企业希望在竞争程度高的环境中选择深度搜寻战略，企业需提高其企业家导向程度；另一方面，当竞争程度和企业家导向程度均处于较高水平时，企业选择宽度搜寻战略会获得较好的新产品绩效。 相似文献
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This paper proposes a taxonomy of corporate spin-off firms by exploring the nature of parent firm-spin-off firm relationship. Relying on the resource-based and the resource-dependence theory, special attention is paid to the complementarity of the resource base of the parent firm relative to its spin-off, the intensity of collaboration between the parent and the spin-off, and the dependence of the spin-off firm on the resources provided by the parent organization. Based on cluster analysis, we were able to identify three distinct groups of corporate spin-off firms: spin-offs developing new technologies, spin-offs serving new markets and restructuring spin-offs. These groups differ from one another in terms of the intensity of resource sharing linkages and knowledge transfer between the parent and the spin-off, timing of separation, as well as the direction and breadth of their new product development activities. 相似文献