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《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2020,31(2):100386
This paper aims to develop a theoretical background to identify: 1) the important channels of ‘university-developed technology’ acquisition and qualitatively group them in coherent modes and 2) the contingent factors (firm side) that characterize and differentiate these modes. Based on a systematic literature review of over 100 papers published till 2019, this exploratory research proposes: 4 prominent modes (viz., commercialization of IP, open channels, research services and research partnership) and 8 contingent factors (viz., business strategy, type of innovation, NPD stage, time span, financial risk, cost of managing IOR, industry concentration and geographical proximity hindrance) which affect firm's decision on how to acquire university-generated technology. These are the key parameters to design and implement university-industry technology transfer channels and opens up the debate on ‘external technology sourcing’ from universities and research institutions as a systemic approach. This study has important implications for policy design, entrepreneurs and university administrators. 相似文献
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技术转移作为高校社会服务职能的重要体现形式，对高校科研活动究竟产生了何种影响是学术界关注的热点问题。本文以2008-2014年中国106所“211”及省部共建高校为样本，研究了高校技术转移对其论文产出和专利产出的影响效应，并对不同来源的科研资助（政府资助和企业资助）在高校技术转移与科研产出关系中的中介作用和调节作用分别进行了实证检验。结果表明：（1）高校技术转移对论文产出的影响不显著，而对专利产出具有显著正向影响；（2）高校技术转移对其获取政府资助和企业资助均具有显著的正向影响，政府资助和企业资助在高校技术转移与专利产出关系中发挥积极的中介作用；（3）政府资助对高校技术转移与论文产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用，而企业资助对高校技术转移与专利产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(1):104646
While technology transfer at universities has received considerable attention in the innovation and entrepreneurship literature, we know much less about technology transfer at national/federal labs and (non-university) public research institutes. In this article and the related special section, we aim to fill this void. We provide a rationale for our special section on technology transfer from national/federal labs and public research institutes, summarize the papers in the special section, highlight research questions, theories, data and methods, key findings and conclusions. We conclude by outlining a research agenda for multi-level research on agents, institutions, and regions to improve our understanding of the managerial and public policy implications of technology transfer from these institutions. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(3):104456
While there are numerous studies of university technology transfer, there have been relatively few studies of technology transfer at federal labs. Moreover, studies of university technology transfer have focused on faculty, not post-doctoral scientists. They have also ignored identity and sensemaking theories in organizational behavior, which are relevant in the context of technology transfer. We fill these gaps by examining differences between university post-doctoral scientists and federal lab post-doctoral scientists, in terms of how they engage in technology transfer. Our qualitative analysis is based on extensive interviews of post-doctoral scientists and their supervisors/principal investigators (PIs) at two major research universities and four large federal labs. We find that federal lab scientists are more influenced by mission-driven research and their sense of public service, as compared to university scientists who are motivated more by curiosity-driven research. These motivational differences may constitute significant barriers to technology transfer in federal labs. As compared to their university counterparts, federal lab scientists appear to experience more cognitive dissonance in pursuing commercialization of their research and have more sophisticated resolution strategies for dealing with such dissonance. We also find that PIs at federal labs are not highly incentivized to engage in technology transfer. We discuss additional research needs, as well as the managerial and training implications of our findings. 相似文献
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高校技术转移:从营销视角考察 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
从市场营销的视角考察我国高校的技术转移。探究我国高校技术转移中心的市场营销属性,讨论高校技术转移的战略营销要素的内容,给出了在高校技术转移中应用市场营销学概念和原理的管理理论和实践涵义。 相似文献
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This paper examines the various methods through which firms benefit from interactions with universities, arguing that such benefits are instrumental in nurturing the multiple facets of a firm's absorptive capacity. We bring together data collected from a survey of UK firms that collaborated with universities, and firm-level data on past partnerships with universities. The results show that benefits from interactions with universities are multifaceted, including enhancement of the firm's explorative and exploitative capabilities. Results also indicate that firms’ R&D commitments, geographical proximity to and research quality of university partners have a distinct impact on the different types of benefits from interactions with universities. We find geographical proximity is crucial for assessing problem-solving as an important benefit, while interactions with top quality universities have a positive influence on the benefits associated with firms’ downstream activities. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and policy. 相似文献
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为促进我国高校科研水平和学科核心竞争力提高,推动创新人才培养,采用调查研究和数据分析的方法,探讨全球化语境下我国研究型大学与跨国企业科技创新合作的现状和发展趋势;分析二者科技创新合作的运行机理,分别从技术研发、科技成果转移转化和人才交流与培养3个方面主要合作内容归纳总结出当前合作的典型模式;同时研究影响二者科技创新合作成效的11个关键因素,并以技术研发合作为例分析具体合作模式选择策略。以期对我国教育主管部门和高校开展国际科技创新合作提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104372
Exclusivity is a key concern when designing a licensing contract, yet the organizational factors that influence the exclusive provision of university licenses remain underexplored. This study provides a deeper understanding of this question by developing a balanced framework that considers both licensors (universities) and licensees (companies) in licensing deals. Furthermore, we posit that university prestige affects both a university's ability to conduct non-exclusive licensing and a firm's incentive to obtain an exclusive license, thereby shaping their joint willingness to license (non-)exclusively. We also examine how technology transfer office (TTO) experience and prior collaboration between a university and a firm moderate this relationship. To test the hypotheses, we use a dataset consisting of 6653 licensed patents owned by 117 representative Chinese universities. We find that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between university prestige and the likelihood that two parties choose exclusive licensing. Moreover, the moderating effect of TTO experience is partially supported while that of prior collaboration is fully supported. Our findings generate important implications for the relative social impacts of exclusive and non-exclusive licensing of technology inventions as well as the management of university licensing. 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2022,6(3):196-215
This study examines technological capability accumulation and the Brazilian rice industry's technological trajectory. Multiple case design was chosen, with an analysis of seven firms involved in the Brazilian rice industry. The results indicate three factors: The first was the identification of technological landmarks for firms in this sector (peeling and polishing, electronic grain selection, electronic packaging, use of forklifts and palletizers, and Industry 4.0). The second is related to the fact that different firms implemented innovative activities and technologies at different speeds, originating from the sector's different technological trajectories. The third is associated with identifying activities within the Brazilian rice industry that can be generalized to other food industries. These results have implications for formulating public policies in the sector, such as creating producer support mechanisms (research and technology transfer institutions), qualification of professionals, and encouragement for economic efficiency and competition. 相似文献
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高等院校的科研活动是国家科研体系的重要组成部分,对高校科研效率进行科学合理的评价有利于政府合理配置资源,有利于高校自身的发展建设。运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法对江苏省30所本科院校在2007的科研效率进行了评价分析。研究模型的投入指标选取了科技活动人员数、研究与发展全时人员当量和科技经费这三项,产出指标选取了专著数量、在国外及全国性期刊发表的论文数、鉴定成果数和技术转让当年实际收入。分析结果显示,2007年江苏省高校中12所科研效率是DEA有效的,其余18所高校科研效率非DEA有效,18所高校均存在投入冗余问题,有9所高校存在产出不足问题。 相似文献
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The environment in which universities in the United States and some other countries operate has been changing, creating discussion of privatization of public universities. This paper examines the implications for US universities of greater access to royalties for federally funded, private-goods research, and reduced government grants or transfers to support public-goods research. Conditions under which increased private-goods research for out-of-state firms (developing patents and private market applications) leads to higher tuition and reductions in instruction and basic research are developed. The likely outcome is greater privatization of public universities, which may lead to a new public-private structure for what have been the leading US public research universities. 相似文献
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The paper draws upon a national study to analyze two issues relevant to the future effectiveness of the American agricultural technology system: (1) linkages between research and technology transfer activities; and (2) relationships between the public and private sectors. Increased commitments to basic research by the US Department of Agriculture and the state agricultural experiment stations have served to exacerbate existing strains between research and technology transfer functions and units. Both the feasibility and desirability of having USDA's Agricultural Research Service simultaneously seek to strengthen its basic research capabilities and its commitment to technology transfer have been questioned. Within the landgrant universities, multiple pressures have served to attenuate traditional ties among agricultural researchers, extension specialists, and county extension agents.Private sector activity in agricultural research and the provision of technical information has increased following the expansion in the domains of knowledge over which firms can establish property rights and the concentration of production in a smaller number of economic units. Adjustments in the activities of the public sector in response to these changes can be seen. Still, the optimal mix of public-private sector activities in both research and technology transfer has yet to be fully analyzed. Current analyses (and public policy) are excessively constrained by the “property rights” approach to technological change. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(3):104471
Technology transfer systems (TTSs) and modes of national research institutes (NRIs) have become increasingly significant in shaping national innovation systems. However, few studies have addressed this issue in the context of emerging economies. To fill this research gap, this paper explores the TTSs and modes of Chinese NRIs based on a case study of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). We clarify the institutional factors that influence the adoption of an academy-branch-institute-level TTS, reveal the policy-driven evolvement of this multi-level TTS, and elucidate the operational mechanisms of the TTS. We find that the effective collaboration between the actors within or across the three levels of the TTS could enhance the functions of integration management, science and technology (S&T) resource allocation, and public research and development. Through a thematic synthesis approach, we identify three technology transfer modes of the CAS. These three modes exhibit an evolutionary sequence from the CAS-region cooperation mode to the incubation ecosystem mode and then to the platform-driven mode, following the progress of the Chinese S&T system reform and the repositioning of the CAS mission. These modes have diverse demands for technological cognition and resource allocation capability that can be satisfied by the co-specialised interaction among the three levels of the TTS. Apart from the theoretical implications for technology transfer studies, our findings provide managerial implications for guiding technology transfer from NRIs. 相似文献
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Siri Brorstad Borlaug 《普罗米修斯》2013,31(2):139-152
European universities have been increasingly pressured since the late 1990s to make a more visible contribution to economic development. This policy interest has produced an increasing focus on knowledge transfer generally, and more specifically on measures to promote a research culture which values patenting and firm formation. This paper presents results from an interview study of academic faculty views on knowledge transfer and commercialisation at five public universities in Sweden. Our results show that, despite the retention of inventor ownership at Swedish universities, there is a high degree of knowledge transfer of all kinds. The overriding driver of entrepreneurial behaviour among faculty appears to be the low level of direct funding for research in universities. We find that attitudes to firm formation vary from positive to ambivalent, and that faculty from the humanities and social sciences engage in a higher level of entrepreneurial and policy adaptive behaviour than they report. We conclude that faculty at Swedish universities perceive the role of public servant and entrepreneurial academic as conflicting. This perceived conflict may be one reason for reluctance to report instances of commercialisation of research. 相似文献
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深圳在高新技术领域的发展位居全国前列，在科技研发方面投入巨大，有效地提升了高新技术企业和高校科研能力和水平。2018年，国务院发布《关于全面加强基础研究的若干意见》，对全面加强基础科学研究做出重要部署，高等院校基础研究是实现知识创新、技术创新的基础和前提，对于培养创新型人才、推进创新型国家和世界科技强国建设具有重要的意义。所以单一以高新技术产业为导向的科技计划实施体系已经不能满足国家加强基础研究战略部署以及高校尖端人才引进和发展的需求，所以深圳亟需优化科技计划支持体系，科学布局基础前沿科学研究领域，进一步促进高校科学研究的发展，大幅提升原始创新能力，为推进创新型国家建设和深圳创新型城市建设提供强大支撑。南方科技大学（简称南科大）作为一所深圳市创建的一所高起点、高定位的公办创新型大学，它肩负着为中国高等教育改革发挥先导和示范作用的使命，并致力于服务创新型国家建设和深圳创新型城市建设。本文作者将以它为样本作为深圳市高校典型展开分析。通过研究高校申请深圳科技计划，分析高校项目获批情况，为深圳强化基础研究，深化科技体制改革提出几点建议：1）加大基础研究投入，对基础学科给予更多倾斜。2）孔雀团队引进增加应用基础和产业化分类。3）强化对市重点实验室的定期评估考核和调整。持续增强高等院校科技创新能力和创新成果转化能力，加快建设更加科学、合理的科技计划，支持深圳市高等院校实现跨越式发展。 相似文献