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1.
史红霞 《山东体育学院学报》2009,25(11)
为研究体能类项目运动员心脏形态及功能的特点和规律,对山东省田径、游泳、举重、摔跤、柔道、自行车等体能项目运动员进行心脏超声学检查.发现耐力项目男女运动员左室后壁及室间隔厚度均高于力量项目运动员,心腔的增大也以耐力项目运动员的变化更为明显,体能项目(耐力、力量)女运动员心脏功能均显著好于本项目男运动员,但左室、左房或右室等扩大的情况也较男运动员更为明显. 相似文献
2.
排球运动员下肢起跳肌群等速测试的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用Biodex等速测力系统对排球运动员进行了下肢3关节肌的力量测试,获得了在两种不同速度下的等动测试数据,并把所得数据与运动学拍摄的结果相结合进行了分析研究.结果显示运动员的弹跳能力与下肢起跳肌群等速测试的结果较为一致;下肢髋关节和膝关节起跳肌群肌肉力量和肌肉耐力对起跳能力有较大影响;功疲劳度可以作为评价运动员肌肉耐力素质的有效指标. 相似文献
3.
肌肉感受性直接反映运动员心理控制水平的高低。对竞技健美操等,通过成套动作完成比赛的技能主导表现难美类项群运动项目成绩的影响由为明显。本文用实验法,对竞技健美操运动员力量耐力训练前后进行了上肢和下肢肌肉感受性误差值测试。通过前后两次测试结果对比发现,运动员在力量耐力训练后,其肌肉感受性能力不仅没有受到抑制,反而有了一定的提高,这从又一个侧面证明力量耐力训练是提高竞技健美操运动员专项水平的重要途径。 相似文献
4.
以参加第十一届全运会的山东省男子曲棍球队8名运动员作为实验对象,对运动员运动过程中肌肉短时间持续用力的力量耐力机制进行对比实验研究.分别采用400米(速度耐力)和持续杠铃半蹲(力量耐力)两种不同的素质测试.通过两种测试后生化指标的分析对比,分析了力量耐力的形成机制. 相似文献
5.
江健康 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(8):24-25
耐力运动员较少进行力量训练,主要担心肌肉肥大对毛细血管和线粒体功能产生潜在负性的影响。但是肌肉的无氧工作能力、肌肉力量和肌肉的爆发力可能影响耐力运动项目的成绩。力量训练能够提高神经肌肉特征和无氧代谢能力。耐力训练中嵌入力量训练的训练模式可能有助于提高耐力性项目成绩。 相似文献
6.
近年来,我国研制的AZN-Ⅱ型心血管功能测试仪用于评定人体机能,国内曾有过一些报道〔1〕〔2〕〔3〕〔4〕,但有关静力负荷对运动员血流动力流变学参数的影响尚了解甚少。本文通过力量和耐力项目的男、女运动员从事静力负荷时血流动力流变学参数的变化,来探讨该仪器在评定运动员心血管功能方面的使用价值,进而为科学训练提供实验依据。对象与方法实验对象为华南师范大学体育系男、女运动员共44人(男、女各22人),运动员等级为1-3级,训练年限4-16年。按运动项目的特点划分为男、女各2组,每组11名运动员:(1)耐力组,包括篮 相似文献
7.
从生物力学、生理学、生物化学的角度分析了肌肉放松能力对散打运动员速度、力量、耐力及技、战术的影响，并提出了散打运动中肌肉放松能力的训练方法。在攻防练习中应强化肌肉放松能力的训练，掌握正确的用力技法。 相似文献
8.
目的：探讨、分析12周血流限制训练对体操专项女大学生下肢最大力量、力量耐力以及膝关节等速肌力的影响,并对比血流限制训练与传统抗阻训练效果的异同。方法：招募体操专项女大学生24名,随机分成加压组(BFRT组)和常规组,每组12人,在实验前、后均进行统一测试,测试内容包括：等速肌力指标、最大力量指标、力量耐力指标,每次测试人员与仪器均相同。结果：12周实验干预后,BFRT组深蹲1RM实验前后增值为3.17,增长率为4.47%,干预效果比传统抗阻训练好;从横向比较深蹲60%1RM次数组间数据来看,实验后两组实验对象具有显著性差异(0.010.5)。结合变化率与t检验结果发现血流限制训练对屈肌的促进效果优于伸肌相对峰力矩。结论：血流限制训练可以提升体操运动员下肢力量素质,主要体现在最大力量、力量耐力等方面,同时能提升体操运动员单关节等速膝伸展、屈曲的肌肉力量,对加强膝关节的稳定性效果尤为显著。低强度血流限制训练与传统高强度抗阻训练相比,其训练效果略显优势,尤其... 相似文献
9.
短距离速度滑冰运动员专项力量训练的内容、方法和手段,对训练有效性与比赛成绩具有重要的影响作用。通过对速度滑冰短距离项目的肌肉力学特征、供能系统特征和滑行技术特征进行分析,指出短距离速度滑冰运动员力量训练要从专项角度需要出发,注意发力时机与膝关节发力的角度,使力量训练与专项技能之间的转化更为直接、有效。认为最大力量、速度力量和耐力力量存在的一些弊端,导致运动员下肢比较粗大、肌肉横断面大、技术相对粗糙和不稳定等问题;应摒除陈旧的力量训练观念,采取提高神经对快速募集肌肉能力、肌肉速度力量与超等长力量训练、高强度间歇训练等方法,提高我国速滑短距离运动员专项力量。 相似文献
10.
《湖北体育科技》2017,(12):1062-1066
目的探讨跳水项目运动员的力量素质特征,以期更好的完成力量训练。方法通过对广东优秀跳水运动员下肢膝、踝关节及躯干屈伸肌群等速肌力测试及三维测力台SJ、CMJ测试,测定跳水运动员各肌群肌力水平。结果跳板运动员与跳台运动员在年龄、身高、体重方面有着显著性差异,其基本规律为男板>女板>男台>女台(P<0.05);跳板运动员与跳台运动员在关节等速肌力水平、三维测力台SJ、CMJ测试结果上有着显著性差异,其基本规律为男板>女板>男台>女台(P<0.05);膝关节的屈伸快速力量比例在0.60左右,踝关节则在0.40左右,低于世界标准;相对于体能项目,跳水运动员受到年龄、体重等因素影响,力量水平一般,快速条件下膝、踝关节耐力水平一般,躯干耐力水平较好。结论跳水运动员下肢薄弱肌群为膝关节屈肌、踝关节伸肌、躯干伸肌,同时膝、踝关节屈伸比值过低,易导致运动损伤的发生。 相似文献
11.
Track compliance does not affect sprinting performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that sprint performance (time over a given distance) would be affected by track compliance, with better performances on the more compliant surface. Ten sprinters participated in the study. The athletes performed maximal sprints (60 m) on three different track configurations (hard, 5500 kN m(-1); soft, 2200 kN m(-1); spring, 550 kN m(-1)). A 60-m single-lane running surface was constructed. Plywood boards (1.2 cm thick) were placed on a 60 x 0.6 m wooden chipboard frame serving as the base surface. All participants ran two times on each track configuration in a randomized order. The athletes' kinematics were recorded using the Vicon 624 system with 12 cameras operating at 250 Hz. Four Kistler force plates (1250 Hz) were used to record ground reaction forces. Sprint performance (time over 60 m) was unaffected by the different track compliances (P= 0.57). In addition, there was no effect of track (P> 0.05) on the sprinting kinematics and kinetics of the ankle or knee joint. The hypothesis that sprint performance is affected by track compliance can be rejected because the sprinters recorded similar performances while sprinting over 60 m on all three track configurations. We conclude that: (1) the possible deformation of the track while sprinting is minor enough not to cause a specific adjustment in the leg mechanics affecting the effectiveness of the stretch-shortening cycle of the sprinters; and (2) the energy exchange between sprinters and tracks has only a marginal effect on sprint performance due to its small magnitude. More research on tracks with lower stiffness is required. 相似文献
12.
Computed results from a mathematical model of the bioenergetics of sprinting, which incorporates a three-equation representation of anaerobic metabolism, were compared with measured distance-time data for female athletes from the finals of the 100-m event at the World Championships of 1987. The computed results closely model the performance of the competitors over the course of the entire race. The three main contributions to anaerobic metabolism were investigated and comparisons were made between male and female sprinters. Whereas the time constants for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine utilization for the two sexes were found to be similar, for oxygen-independent glycolysis the time constants of the female athletes were found to be higher. The maximum powers generated by female athletes during ATP conversion and glycolysis were only slightly lower than the figures found for male athletes, but the value for phosphocreatine utilization was substantially lower. The lower value for phosphocreatine utilization might explain the more pronounced fall-off in running speed over the latter stages of a race that female athletes experience in comparison with men. Although anaerobic sources dominate energy provision for both male and female sprinters, the calculations show that the latter make greater use of aerobic energy supplies. 相似文献
13.
Computed results from a mathematical model of the bioenergetics of sprinting, which incorporates a threeequation representation of anaerobic metabolism, were compared with measured distance–time data for female athletes from the finals of the 100-m event at the World Championships of 1987. The computed results closely model the performance of the competitors over the course of the entire race. The three main contributions to anaerobic metabolism were investigated and comparisons were made between male and female sprinters. Whereas the time constants for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphocreatine utilization for the two sexes were found to be similar, for oxygen-independent glycolysis the time constants of the female athletes were found to be higher. The maximum powers generated by female athletes during ATP conversion and glycolysis were only slightly lower than the figures found for male athletes, but the value for phosphocreatine utilization was substantially lower. The lower value for phosphocreatine utilization might explain the more pronounced fall-off in running speed over the latter stages of a race that female athletes experience in comparison with men. Although anaerobic sources dominate energy provision for both male and female sprinters, the calculations show that the latter make greater use of aerobic energy supplies. 相似文献
14.
Selected kinematic variables of the foot segments and the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were investigated in relation to sprinting performance among 100 m sprint athletes at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. It was hypothesized that the kinematics of the MTP joint, and forefoot and rearfoot segments, are related to sprint performance for both male and female athletes. Kinematic sagittal plane data were collected using two digital video cameras recording at 120 fields per second. It was determined that faster male sprinters experienced higher maximal rates of MTP extension, and faster female sprinters touch down with higher posterior sole angles and take off with lower posterior sole angles. 相似文献
15.
选用多维度身体与自我关系问卷作工具,对浙江省4所高级中学进行调查.结果显示:(1)除外表取向和疾病取向外,性别差异对高中生的身体意象其他各维度都具有显著影响.男生的外表评价、体能评价、健康评价、身体各部位满意度、体能关注、健康关注显著高于女生.(2)除对头发的满意度无显著性别差异外,对其他身体部位的满意度,男生显著高于女生.(3)规律运动对外表评价、体能评价、健康评价和体能取向有显著影响,而对其他身体意向构成维度没有显著影响. 相似文献
16.
Abstract Selected kinematic variables of the foot segments and the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were investigated in relation to sprinting performance among 100 m sprint athletes at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. It was hypothesized that the kinematics of the MTP joint, and forefoot and rearfoot segments, are related to sprint performance for both male and female athletes. Kinematic sagittal plane data were collected using two digital video cameras recording at 120 fields per second. It was determined that faster male sprinters experienced higher maximal rates of MTP extension, and faster female sprinters touch down with higher posterior sole angles and take off with lower posterior sole angles. 相似文献
17.
The start kinematics has been reported to differ between male and female sprinters. This study aimed to determine whether kinematic differences between the sexes are attributable to an effect of sex per se, or rather to the absolute performance level of the sprinters, quantified by the 100-m time. A total of 20 sprinters (10 M, 10 F), including world-class and elite athletes, were assessed. Start phases from the “set” position to the first two steps were analysed. Linear regression analyses showed a few significant differences between sexes when taking into account the effect of performance level: M had shorter pushing phase duration, higher horizontal velocity at block clearing, and shorter contact times of the first two steps. Conversely, the performance level affected most of the examined parameters: faster sprinters showed the centre of mass (CM) closer to the ground and a more flexed front knee in the “set” position, longer pushing phase duration, lower vertical velocity of the CM at block clearing, and longer contact times and shorter flight times in the first two steps. These findings suggest that the start kinematics is only partially affected by the sex of sprinters, whereas a bigger role is played by their performance level. 相似文献
18.
The aims of this study were to identify whether relative shape and size characteristics of world-class sprinters have changed over time, and whether any anthropometric parameters characterize the most successful world-class sprinters. The results suggest that body mass index, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, is an important factor associated with success in both male and female world-class sprinters over time. However, in female athletes the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) has emerged as a more important indicator of success over several decades, with taller, more linear sprinters achieving greater success, as measured by sprint speed. In male sprinters it is only in the most recent decade that RPI has emerged as an important predictor of success. We speculate that the prominence of the RPI and an ectomophic somatotype being typical of the most successful world-class sprinters might be explained, in part, by the influence of stride length on sprint speed. In conclusion, these results suggest that coaches, selectors, and sports scientists should consider body shape when selecting potential athletes for sprint events, encouraging more linear athletes with a high RPI. 相似文献
19.
通过对安徽省107名(男64人、女43人)短跑运动员、安徽师大体院200名学生(男100人、女100人)及安徽师大公共系200名学生(男100名、女100名)的手掌、指纹进行调查研究，短跑运动员的手掌、指纹指标与普通组间有若干统计学差异，这些手掌、指纹特征可为短跑运动员选材提供参考指标。 相似文献
20.
Abstract The aims of this study were to identify whether relative shape and size characteristics of world-class sprinters have changed over time, and whether any anthropometric parameters characterize the most successful world-class sprinters. The results suggest that body mass index, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, is an important factor associated with success in both male and female world-class sprinters over time. However, in female athletes the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) has emerged as a more important indicator of success over several decades, with taller, more linear sprinters achieving greater success, as measured by sprint speed. In male sprinters it is only in the most recent decade that RPI has emerged as an important predictor of success. We speculate that the prominence of the RPI and an ectomophic somatotype being typical of the most successful world-class sprinters might be explained, in part, by the influence of stride length on sprint speed. In conclusion, these results suggest that coaches, selectors, and sports scientists should consider body shape when selecting potential athletes for sprint events, encouraging more linear athletes with a high RPI. 相似文献