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1.
Abstract

An experimental design was employed to assess the effectiveness of a relapse prevention program, a reinforcement program, and an exercise-only control group in increasing exercise program adherence and short-term maintenance in 120 previously sedentary female university employees. The subjects participated in an 18-week exercise program composed of stretching, calisthenics, and aerobic dance. Attendance during the first half of the program was significantly higher for subjects in the relapse prevention group than for those in the control group. A nonsignificant trend in this direction emerged during the second half of the program and at 2-month follow-up. For all treatment groups, attrition (attendance at less than two thirds of the exercise sessions) was substantial, averaging 72% at the end of the 18-week program. These findings indicate that relapse prevention and reinforcement programs may not assist previously sedentary females in long-term adherence to an exercise program.  相似文献   

2.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity exercise training using belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy subjects. Nineteen healthy subjects were allocated into control or intervention groups; in both groups the participants kept regular physical activity while the intervention group underwent 30 min B-SES training at 3–4 METs for four weeks. Knee extensor muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance during incremental exercise test were measured at baseline and after four weeks for all participants. The relative change of knee extensor muscle strength in the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (p?p?相似文献   

3.
运用文献资料、教学实验、数理统计等方法,揭示微信平台和移动健身运用(APP)对大学生体质健康水平的影响及其作用机制。结果:1)实验组实验后体质健康各项指标(身高体重除外)均有显著的提升(P<0.05),对照组各指标也均有上升趋势,但无统计学意义(P>0.05);2)实验组实验后各项指标(身高体重除外)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:1)基于互联网的线上运动干预项目可以有效促进大学生的体质健康水平,可以作为大学生体育锻炼习惯养成及体质健康促进的有效手段;2)线上运动干预项目促进大学生体质健康的作用机制是通过目标设定,自我监测行为,个性化定制与指导,社会互动等强化因素作用的结果。  相似文献   

4.
The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of a fitness assessment and exercise consultation on physical activity over 1 year in non-regularly active participants drawn from a socially and economically deprived community. Of 3000 people invited to volunteer for either intervention, 225 fitness assessment volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group; 145 exercise consultation volunteers were similarly assigned. Physical activity was measured at baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months (plus an intervention re-test), 6 months and 1 year. Analysis of variance and follow-up Bonferroni analysis showed that, for those not regularly active at baseline, physical activity increased significantly to 4 weeks, was maintained to 6 months but had fallen by 1 year. Only those receiving an exercise consultation significantly increased their physical activity after 1 year. Compared with fitness assessments, chi-square analysis showed that significantly more non-regularly active participants volunteered for an exercise consultation and those receiving an exercise consultation had significantly better long-term study adherence than those receiving a fitness assessment. The study also showed that, contrary to popular opinion, those in a socially and economically deprived community are not 'hard to reach' and respond well to physical activity interventions.  相似文献   

5.
The main aim of this study was to assess the effects of a fitness assessment and exercise consultation on physical activity over 1 year in non-regularly active participants drawn from a socially and economically deprived community. Of 3000 people invited to volunteer for either intervention, 225 fitness assessment volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group; 145 exercise consultation volunteers were similarly assigned. Physical activity was measured at baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months (plus an intervention re-test), 6 months and 1 year. Analysis of variance and follow-up Bonferroni analysis showed that, for those not regularly active at baseline, physical activity increased significantly to 4 weeks, was maintained to 6 months but had fallen by 1 year. Only those receiving an exercise consultation significantly increased their physical activity after 1 year. Compared with fitness assessments, chi-square analysis showed that significantly more non-regularly active participants volunteered for an exercise consultation and those receiving an exercise consultation had significantly better long-term study adherence than those receiving a fitness assessment. The study also showed that, contrary to popular opinion, those in a socially and economically deprived community are not 'hard to reach' and respond well to physical activity interventions.  相似文献   

6.
行为转变理论模式在中年人群体育健身行为中的应用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
调查了山东省的淄博、滨城、青岛、烟台、德州、聊城、莱芜等7城市的中年人体育健身锻炼行为现状,采用行为转变理论模式对中年人健身锻炼实施不同的干预措施,干预后中年人对体育健身锻炼重要性的认识、保持锻炼的信念和参与体育健身锻炼的百分率均较前有较大提高,中年人参与锻炼的人数也有所增加,干预组与对照组之间的差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

7.
目的:探讨不同方式有氧运动对中、老年女性非特异性腰痛的缓解作用。方法:选120名非特异性腰痛患者随机分为4组。B、C、D组分别参加为期9个月的健身走、太极拳、健身瑜伽训练,A组为对照组无训练计划。训练前、后分别对各组骶棘肌肌电进行测试。对结果进行疗效判定。结果:B、C、D3组腰背肌肌电图波幅均高于训练前(P<0.05),时程均低于训练前(P<0.05),D组在各时段的变化均具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);组间疗效比较D组优于其他组别(P<0.01)。结论:健身走、太极拳锻炼均能增加患者腰背肌肌肉力,对中老年女性非特异性腰痛具有一定的缓解作用,健身瑜伽练习作用优于健身走和太极拳锻炼,疗效显著。  相似文献   

8.
There is little information on the impact of hydration status on the psychological response to exercise despite potential implications for adherence to an exercise programme and for overall health and fitness. We investigated initial hydration status, fluid balance, and psychological responses associated with a typical recreational exercise session in healthy adults. Fifty-two participants performed a freely chosen gymnasium-based exercise session at a fitness centre, with ad libitum access to fluids. Urine samples were collected on arrival for analysis of osmolality. Sweat loss was estimated from the change in body mass after correction for fluid intake and urinary losses. Subjective psychological ratings were recorded before and after exercise. Pre-exercise urine osmolality was above 900 mOsmol · kg(-1) (used as a threshold for hypohydration) in 37% of participants. Fluid intake during exercise was 390 ± 298 mL, while estimated sweat loss was 794 ± 391 mL. The percentage change from pre-exercise body mass was -0.62 ± 0.20%. Physically active adults who arrived to take part in exercise hypohydrated reported more negative changes in psychological affect in response to their subsequent freely chosen recreational exercise session than those classified as euhydrated prior to exercise (-0.2 ± 0.7 vs. 0.8 ± 0.7; P < 0.005).  相似文献   

9.
The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine factors related to physical activity adherence to understand why women continue to participate in long-term exercise after completing a structured exercise program. Data were collected from focus groups, interviews, and e-mails, and analysis used grounded theory. The central category related to physical activity adherence was self-worth. Motivation, activity enjoyment, priorities, body image, ability to access support, and self-regulation skills had an impact on the self-worth of nonadherers and adherers. Women must value themselves enough to continue to participate in physical activity once they start. Exercise and fitness professionals are encouraged to use strategies to increase self-worth and long-term adherence to physical activity. Some recommended strategies include (a) increasing motivation and enjoyment relative to activity, (b) making activity a high priority in a woman's life, (c) improving or deemphasizing body image, (d) increasing a woman's ability to access support, and (e) facilitating the use of self-regulation strategies. This study is the first to examine qualitative perspectives of exercise adherence among women who completed a structured exercise program. Several concepts related to adherence presented in the quantitative literature are confirmed and enhanced in this study.  相似文献   

10.
The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine factors related to physical activity adherence to understand why women continue to participate in long-term exercise after completing a structured exercise program. Data were collected from focus groups, interviews, and e-mails, and analysis used grounded theory. The central category related to physical activity adherence was self-worth. Motivation, activity enjoyment, priorities, body image, ability to access support, and self-regulation skills had an impact on the self-worth of nonadherers and adherers. Women must value themselves enough to continue to participate in physical activity once they start. Exercise and fitness professionals are encouraged to use strategies to increase self-worth and long-term adherence to physical activity. Some recommended strategies include (a) increasing motivation and enjoyment relative to activity, (b) making activity a high priority in a woman's life, (c) improving or deemphasizing body image, (d) increasing a woman's ability to access support, and (e) facilitating the use of self-regulation strategies. This study is the first to examine qualitative perspectives of exercise adherence among women who completed a structured exercise program. Several concepts related to adherence presented in the quantitative literature are confirmed and enhanced in this study.  相似文献   

11.
探讨不同运动负荷（HR-160min）与不同反馈方式（M）对高中生体能和体育学习积极兴趣（PISL）的影响。方法：采用三因素实验设计,不同时间、不同HR-160min （HR140-160min、HR130-160min和HR120-160min）和不同反馈方式（自我控制反馈SF、追加反馈AF和无反馈NF）为干预手段,对297名高一学生进行为期12周的实验干预。结果显示：体能建模后,BMI、肺活量（VC）、坐位体前屈（SR）、仰卧起坐/引体向上（SU/PU）、800m/1000m、50m、立定跳远（SLJ）等7项指标"时段"主效应,BMI、SR、SU/PU、800m/1000m、50m、SLJ等6项指标"时段×运动负荷"、"运动负荷×反馈方式"交互效应,SR、SU/PU、800m/1000m、50m、SLJ等5项指标"运动负荷"和"反馈方式"主效应、"时段×反馈方式"交互效应均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）;PISL建模后,"运动负荷"主效应有统计学意义（P<0.05）,"反馈方式"主效应和"运动负荷×反馈方式"交互效应无统计学意义。结论：HR140-160min是发展多项体能的关键因素,HR130-160min对BMI保持效果、对SR干预效果更好;不同反馈方式通过不同机制影响体能结果;HR140-160min与SF组合对发展体能的协同效应最佳;PISL受运动负荷影响,不受反馈方式、运动负荷与反馈方式交互作用的影响。  相似文献   

12.
文章运用焦虑自评量表(SAS)对实验组、对照组各120名老年人进行问卷调查。研究结果显示:太极拳锻炼可以降低老年人焦虑水平、提高心理健康状况具有较好的健身效果。  相似文献   

13.
研究目的是通过分析会员的运动坚持,以减少商业性健身俱乐部会员流失,促进商业性健身俱乐部的良性发展。依据Scanlan提出的运动承诺模型,综述了影响商业性健身俱乐部会员锻炼坚持性的因素。分析认为健身课程服务、健身教练服务、健身俱乐部员工满足感、健身效果、健身项目、健身会费等因素影响会员运动坚持。  相似文献   

14.
Abstract

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of an unsupervised whole body vibration (WBV) training and two different supervised multi-purpose exercise programmes, with and without WBV, on body composition, functional fitness and self-reported well-being in middle-aged adults. Fifty-four healthy participants (age 48.6 ± 6.7 years) were randomly assigned to a vibration group (VG), a multi-purpose exercise group (MG) and a multi-purpose exercise with vibration group (VMG) and trained 3 days a week for 4 months. VG performed a standardised unsupervised WBV protocol, MG a supervised multi-purpose exercise and VMG a multi-purpose exercise including vibration. After training, drop out was significantly higher in VG group (P = 0.016) when compared to VMG group. In both MG and VMG, body composition, sit-up, push-up, sit and reach, agility test, hopping test and self-reported general health significantly improved (P < 0.05). No additive effects were generated by the vibration stimulus. Percentage of body fat and agility test in VG had a significant opposite trend compared to VMG group (P < 0.05). In summary, an unsupervised WBV training should not be chosen for training protocol. However, positive effects on physical fitness and the best results in adherence could be achieved integrating WBV practice into a multi-purpose exercise training.  相似文献   

15.
目的：针对学生成长过程中不同素质敏感期不同年龄段的生理特征,在体育教学融入运动处方干预,促进学生身体素质提升。方法：随机抽取鹿泉市第二中学高二年级四个班的学生为研究对象。其中1、2班实验班,3、4班为对照班。实验前首先对实验对象进行耐力素质测试,而后实验班实施耐力运动处方教学,对照班按照传统方式进行授课,经过8周的教学后再次分别对实验组和对照组进行耐力素质测试,观测运动处方教学效果。结果：实验班经耐力运动处方教学后男、女生测试成绩提高显著高于对照班。其中男生成绩与对照班比较差异具有高度显著性（P〈0．01）;女生成绩与对照班比较差异具有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：在学生耐力素质敏感期实施耐力运动处方教学,对于提升学生耐力素质效果显著。  相似文献   

16.
目的:为了探究运动干预对Ⅱ型糖尿病患者的治疗效果,向患者普及科学健身的知识和方法,增强其体质,延缓病情进一步恶化。方法:通过对社区医院109名40~69岁的Ⅱ型糖尿病患者实施运动干预,并于实验前、中、后期对受试者形态、机能、素质及糖脂代谢指标进行测试。结果:与同期对照组和组内干预前相比,12周末运动组的体重、BMI、收缩压、TC和TG显著降低(P<0.05),12周末的台阶指数、坐位体前屈显著增加(P<0.05);6周末和12周末运动组的肺活量、HDL显著增加(P<0.05),6周末和12周末运动组的选择反应时、FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c、LDL显著降低(P<0.05)。结论:12周运动干预能够在一定程度上改善形态、素质和机能指标,提高机体的有氧代谢能力,其中对改善糖脂代谢的效果较好,能够在一定程度上有效控制FPG、2hPBG、HbA1c水平,提升HDL水平,降低TC、TG和LDL水平,更好地调控血糖。  相似文献   

17.
我国成年人选择反应时状况分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
采用实验及数理统计法，对2000年国家国民体质监测的成年组（20～69岁）约173600人的选择反应时进行统计分析。结果表明：我国成年人的选择反应时先是随年龄的增长而减少，男子在22岁、女子在21岁之后随年龄的增长而延长。男子的选择反应时要短于女子，差异具有高度显著性（P〈0．01）；体质水平与选择反应时呈中度负相关归（r=-0．546），体质好的人群选择反应时要短；参与锻炼人群的选择反应时要短于不锻炼的人群，差异具有非常显著性（P〈0．001）。  相似文献   

18.
We examined how different types of dance activities, along with their duration, influenced heart rate responses among fifth-grade physical education students (N = 96) who participated in the Dancing Classrooms program. Results indicated that the overall Dancing Classrooms program elicits a moderate cardiovascular heart rate response (M = 124.4 bpm), in which 47% of class time was spent above a 60% maximal heart rate threshold. The swing dance in particular (M = 143.4 bpm) stimulated a much higher heart rate level than all other dances in the program, with a mean heart rate change of 52.6 bpm. Girls (127.3 bpm) achieved marginally higher heart rates (p = .059) than boys (121.1 bpm).  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT

Background: Exercise helps many aspects of cognition, but at this time no review has summarized the literature on the association of exercise and physical fitness with attention. Method: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases. After inclusion criteria assessment, a final pool of 44 articles was included. A number of behavioral and neurophysiological indices of attention were examined. Results: The majority of studies showed an increase in performance of attention. Acute exercise results in greater enhancement of attention in those who are active. There was an association of aerobic fitness and attention in the young and old, but not in young adults. Aerobic exercise training interventions generally resulted in positive changes, while some resistance training studies detected no evidence of an effect. Not all forms of exercise were effective. Shorter interventions were inferior with respect to longer ones. Most studies were rated with a moderate methodological quality. Conclusion: There is an association of aerobic exercise (acute and chronic) and aerobic fitness with attention. Future research should determine the dose and mechanisms by which different forms of physical activity and exercise may influence the development of different components of attention along the lifespan.  相似文献   

20.
This study examined the efficacy of a school-based exercise and nutrition program with a parent component. Third-grade children (N = 238) from six elementary schools participated in the study, with three schools randomly assigned to a program group and the other three schools to a control group. The program group received a health-related fitness school-based program and a home program that required parents and children to complete activities and earn points for nutrition and exercise activities. The control group received their traditional physical education and nutrition education program. Univariate analysis of variance on pre- and posttest scores were completed on the following variables: height, weight, body mass index, skinfold, blood cholesterol, mile run, exercise and nutrition knowledge, calories, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, dietary cholesterol, fiber, sodium, percentage of calories from carbohydrates, and percentage of calories from fat. At pretest, the treatment and control groups did not significantly differ on the measures using schools as the unit of analysis. Girls scored significantly higher than boys on skinfold and pretest knowledge. At posttest, the treatment group scored significantly higher than the control group on exercise and nutrition knowledge and significantly lower than the control group on total fat intake, using schools as the unit of analysis. There was no improvement in physiological measures, including blood cholesterol. The study demonstrated that schools can adjust curriculum to meet some health needs of students and achieve modest changes in exercise and nutrition knowledge and diet. The family component of the program provided a practical approach to improving physical activity and nutrition behaviors for elementary school teachers who teach many participants in a crowded curriculum.  相似文献   

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