共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Innovative R&D and optimal investment under uncertainty in high-tech industries: An implication for emerging economies 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to continue on the path to convergence with advanced countries, emerging countries need to strengthen their research capabilities. Often they try to do this through the development of strategic industries. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the effectiveness of policies aimed at the development of strategic industries in emerging economies. The paper develops a three-phase model for product innovation with capital investment under uncertainty to study the investment decisions of a manufacturer in an industry facing a volatile market demand for new inventions. The findings demonstrate the importance of interactions between market structure, a firm's market power and the associated cost of adjustment. The paper draws out implications for emerging economies with regard to policies striving to develop strategic industries in sectors such as semiconductors and information technology. 相似文献
2.
企业经营范围的确定是战略管理的基础性问题,民营企业通常选择研发与政治关联两种核心能力来发展多元化战略。基于2007—2014年的中国民营上市企业的实证结果表明,研发和政治关联两种核心能力对于区域和产品多元化战略存在不同的直接效应,研发能力促进了跨区域和较为聚焦的产品。政治关联能力负向调节研发能力对于多元化的影响,两种多元化战略中政治关联效应明显。然而制度环境的改善扭转了政治关联的负向影响,随着市场化程度的提高,多元化战略中的研发能力效应再次显现。可见在制度环境不够完善的区域,如果追求本地为王和产品多元化需要娴熟的政治关联能力;而在市场化程度较高时,如果追求全国发展和较为聚焦的产品市场,研发能力则更为重要。 相似文献
3.
衡量一国制造业的技术复杂度,是分析一国技术水平的重要手段。本文在投入产出表的基础上,以人均研发投入作为标志变量、鉴别国际贸易中的中间投入品,提出了测算我国出口制成品复合技术复杂度的改进方法。结果显示,我国复合技术复杂度及国内复合技术复杂度都得到了明显的提高,这与我国吸引外资促进产业升级、国内企业积极获得技术溢出密切相关。但当前技术水平与发达国家还有较大差距,且有进一步扩大的可能,必须引起足够警惕。 相似文献
4.
在大规模定制化环境中,产品多样化水平决策是一个重要课题。不断增强的研发能力支持企业创新产品;随着多样化水平提升,单品种的研发投入也会减少,从而可能影响研发能力提升。两者相互作用的机制受到研发能力种类、研发环节等因素影响。为了分析两者的影响关系,我们以提升企业经济效益为目标,分别建立了两类研发能力与多样化水平决策的回归分析模型。基于2017年上海市高新技术企业的调查数据开展了实证分析。结果发现产品多样化水平决策对研发产出与经济绩效具有调节作用,且受到研发类型、行业特点和经济效益目标长短等因素的影响。在短期上,对于产品多样化较低的行业,产品多样化对于探索式创新产出促进经济效益的路径表现为正向调节;对于产品多样化较高的行业,产品多样化对于利用式创新产出促进经济效益的路径表现为负向调节作用。在长期上,两大类行业的调节作用呈现出相反的表现。长期与短期不同影响的差异产生原因在于企业依据经济效益开展研发投入的机制设计。基于研究结果,针对不同类型的研发能力、不同行业特点、以及长期和短期经济目标差异对多样化水平决策提出建议。 相似文献
5.
摘 要：通过修正和完善Schott（2006）模型,本文构建了一个测度出口技术结构的新方法,并借助该方法结合我国31个省级区域HS码的65章产品出口数据,测度了2002-2008年我国各省级区域的出口技术结构。在此基础上,运用两步法系统GMM估计从东、中和西部三个区域层面研究了国际分散化生产对我国出口技术结构的影响。得出的主要结论有：首先国际分散化生产对我国出口技术结构的影响表现出先负后正的V型特征;其次近年来,我国各省级区域出口技术结构均有明显提升,但并不像Rodrik(2006) 测度的那么高,且区域间出口技术结构有“多均衡收敛”的发展趋势;最后我国出口技术结构有着与普通发展中国家不同的提升模式,外商直接投资对我国出口技术结构的提升作用具有显著的边际递减效应。 相似文献
6.
《Research Policy》2023,52(4):104715
The extent to which domestic industrial capabilities are essential in contributing to a Nations' prosperity and national well-being is the topic of long-standing debate. On the one hand, globalization and the outsourcing of production can lead to greater productivity, lower product costs, and gains from trade. On the other hand, national capabilities have long been a source of competitiveness and security during times of war and other crises. We explore the importance of domestic industrial capabilities during crises through a comparative case study of two countries - Spain and Portugal - to the sudden spike in demand for the manufacture of mechanical ventilators brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Both countries had to work within the framework of EU regulations, but had very different internal competencies upon which to draw in doing so. In addition, mechanical ventilators serve as a particularly interesting context for study because they involve high risk (loss of patients' lives if incorrectly manufactured) and entering the market presents high entry barriers (including significant tacit knowledge in its production and use, and significant intellectual property embedded in proprietary software at large, established firms). To unpack the processes used by each country we leverage insights from 60 semi-structured interviews across experts from industry, healthcare workers, regulators, non-profit organizations, and research centers. We find that Spanish regulatory measures were more effective, resulting in 12 times more new products receiving regulatory approval to enter the market. Although neither country is known for their mechanical ventilator production, instrumental in informing the Spanish regulatory and industrial responses was their internal knowledge base due to domestic experts and existing capabilities in ventilator production. We conclude by proposing new theory for how nations might identify important core competencies to enhance their dynamic (regulatory) capabilities in areas likely to be critical to their social welfare. 相似文献
7.
转型时期的中国,高度不确定的环境往往是因为政府政策和干预行为的连续变化以及高度的行业竞争带来的。基于动态能力的资源观点,企业影响政府的能力和影响行业的能力是企业适应外部环境的动态能力之一,这两种能力可以降低政治环境和市场环境的不确定性,从而提高新产品开发绩效;并且政府干预对两种能力与新产品绩效的关系具有一定的调节作用。应用分层多元回归模型,对陕西省178家企业的问卷调研数据进行分析。研究结果表明,这两种能力对新产品绩效都有积极的促进作用,且两者的交互也将促进新产品绩效;政府干预对两种能力与新产品绩效关系的调节是倒U型的,即适量的政府干预可以促进两种能力与绩效之间的积极关系,而当干预过多,则降低了企业的柔性,削弱了企业对环境的敏感度,从而对两种能力与新产品绩效之间的积极关系产生消极作用。 相似文献
8.
强化制造业竞争优势,推动制造业高质量发展是构建现代产业体系的关键。文章综合运用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数、贸易竞争指数和价格指数等指标,深入分析 2005—2020年主要国家制造业竞争优势演变态势及其主要来源。研究发现,中国劳动密集型产业始终保持强大的国际竞争优势,部分资本与技术密集型产业国际竞争优势不断强化;德国、日本、美国资本和技术密集型产业始终保持较强的国际竞争优势,但部分产业竞争优势出现下降趋势;中国电气机械和器材制造业、专用设备制造业等资本与技术密集型产业国际竞争优势主要来源于产品价格优势,德国、日本、美国主要来源于产品技术优势。文章提出 4点政策建议,包括：推动以提高产业基础能力为核心的技术创新;提升制造业产业链、供应链、创新链现代化水平;加快推进制造业数字化、绿色化、服务化转型;着力提升制造业国际合作和跨国经营水平。 相似文献
9.
基于2001-2014年中国企业对“一带一路”沿线国家海外并购数据，利用PSM方法研究了跨国并购对母公司研发创新的影响。结果表明：总体上来看，中国企业对“一带一路”国家的跨国并购显著提升了其研发水平；相比较于劳动密集型产业，资本密集型产业对资本要素和研发创新技术具有较强的敏感性，跨国并购对其研发创新的影响更明显；相比较于东部地区，由于中西部地区企业创新能力较低且多以要素密集型为主，跨国并购对中西部地区跨国企业研发创新的影响较弱。此外，在考虑目标企业所在国家（地区）的地理分布和创新能力因素时发现，跨国并购对母公司研发创新的提升效用随着目标企业所在国家创新能力的减弱而下降。最后，本文实证研究的基础上提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
10.
Martin Heidenreich 《Research Policy》2009,38(3):483-494
Does a specific innovation pattern of low- and medium-low-technology (LMT) industries exist, and if so, can this pattern be the basis for autonomous, economically successful development? This study based on Fourth Community Innovation Survey (CIS4) data finds, as predicted by Pavitt [Pavitt, K., 1984. Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory. Research Policy 13, 343-373], that LMT industries are characterised by process, organisational and marketing innovations, by weak internal innovation capabilities and by strong dependencies on the external provision of machines, equipment and software. Suppliers are the most important source for their information and knowledge. On the one hand, firms in LMT industries are an essential pillar of advanced industrial regions. On the other hand, an alternative growth path-based predominantly on LMT industries does not appear to exist. LMT industries are shrinking in Western Europe and companies in these industries are relocating to Eastern Europe. In general, regions with a high proportion of LMT industries have a lower gross domestic product, though so do regions with high proportions of high- and medium-high-technology industries. The economic potential of regions specialised in knowledge-intensive services and characterised by high employment rates and qualified employees is higher than that of industrial regions. 相似文献
11.
Public Research Institutes (PRIs) were established for many reasons, such as to promote defence related research and health related research. Helping domestic industries remains one of the important missions for public research institutes even when the countries have industrialized and firms’ technological capabilities are high. PRIs aim to upgrade existing industries, especially SMEs, as well as spearheading new ones. They can conduct research to solve today’s problems of existing industries and those of next generation technologies which might lead to creation of new industries. Moreover, relationship between PRIs and firms and non-firm actors like universities became more intense, open, horizontal, international, and longer term. To reduce risk and uncertainty inherent in research mentioned above, intermediary roles of PRIs are increasingly important. The emphasis and the ways PRIs help industry change over time and vary across countries as they are integral part of national innovation systems. This makes generalization difficult, but the experiences of five leading PRIs in Germany, Taiwan, Japan, Australia, and the US shows that, the balances between contract research vs. longer term research with own initiative, mobility of researchers vs. retaining core researchers, and competitive grants and funds from industry vs. block grants from government are important to keep PRIs relevant to industry needs and maintain research standards. The governance of PRIs is of particular importance to maintain proper balances. 相似文献
12.
本文使用投入产出模型,基于最新的GTAP8数据库,分析了2004年和2007年中国与发达国家和发展中国家贸易隐含碳流向、结构及变化,结果显示中国均为隐含碳净出口国。基于LMDI法对隐含碳净出口进一步分解发现,影响中国对发达国家和发展中国家隐含碳净出口的因素不同,贸易顺差和排放系数差异是导致中国对发达国家隐含碳净出口的关键因素,行业结构差异和排放系数差异是影响中国对发展中国家净出口的关键原因。这与发达国家、中国和其他发展中国家在全球产业链中的分工密切相关。2004-2007年,中国出口结构逐渐转向高端制造业,生产技术逐渐接近发达国家水平。未来随着中国国内技术进步和产业升级、出口结构优化,隐含碳净出口将会下降,贸易对中国碳排放的驱动力会减弱。 相似文献
13.
In a study of 243 firms of varying sizes across 14 different industries, we investigate the effect of customer participation on new product development performance. We confirm that overall customer participation is positively related to new product development performance and that the effect is mediated by innovativeness. We also demonstrate that these effects are contingent upon absorptive capacity of the firm in question such that firms with high absorptive capacity stand to gain more from engaging their customers in new product development than firms with low absorptive capacity, especially at the later stages of the NPD process. The results are robust to alternative estimation techniques, measures employed to operationalize key concepts, and the industrial makeup of the sample. Post hoc analyses provide non-trivial managerial implications for the decision makers at the firm level. 相似文献
14.
提出"外部知识整合能力→绿色产品开发能力→绿色产品竞争力"的理论框架,并对珠三角地区327家具有绿色产品开发能力的企业进行了调查研究和实证分析。结论显示,在以绿色产品设计能力为中介变量的结构模型中,外部知识整合能力的3个维度,即纵向结网能力、知识交流能力和专有技术融合能力对绿色产品设计能力均具有显著的正向影响;绿色产品设计能力对于绿色产品差异化具有显著的正向影响,并在外部整合能力的3个维度对绿色产品差异化的影响中发挥着完全的中介效应。同时,在以绿色工艺创新能力为中介变量的结构模型中,外部知识整合能力中的纵向结网能力和专有技术融合能力对于绿色工艺创新能力具有显著的正向影响;绿色工艺创新能力对于绿色产品顾客满意度具有显著的正向影响,并在纵向结网能力对于绿色产品顾客满意度的影响中具有完全的中介作用,在专有技术融合能力对于绿色产品顾客满意度的影响中具有部分中介作用。 相似文献
15.
Keld Laursen 《Research Policy》2010,39(5):687-697
This paper investigates the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) related knowledge flows for international market shares. Using bibliometric data on scientific publications, we analyse the relationship between the strength of 14 OECD countries in four ICT-related scientific fields and the ability of those countries to maintain and acquire export market shares in the OECD market, across 16 manufacturing industries over the period 1981-2003. We find that domestic and foreign ICT-related scientific knowledge flows have a positive and significant impact on export market shares in ICT industries, while only domestic flows positively affect export shares in non-ICT industries. We also find that small open economies benefit more than other countries from foreign knowledge flows both in ICT and in non-ICT industries. 相似文献
16.
为探寻战略性新兴产业全球研发竞争态势以及我国在战略性新兴产业研发领域面临的机会与挑战,提出基于文献计量和专利分析的战略性新兴产业研发竞争态势分析模型,并以OLED产业为例,验证了该模型的客观性、可行性和有效性。案例结果表明,我国在OLED产业技术领域研发比较活跃,且在基础研究方面,已经具有较强的研究实力;但在专利开发方面与国外发达国家相比还有一定的差距,国外一些企业和个人已经在我国进行了长时间的OLED技术专利布局,成为我国OLED技术专利的重要持有者,并且一些专利是集中在我国OLED技术的空白领域,这将对我国在OLED产业技术领域的自主创新产生严重干扰。 相似文献
17.
全球服务业转移与离岸外包为我国现代服务业发展带来重大契机,中国服务外包企业迫切需要提升离岸外包业务的承接能力,从而摆脱处于价值链底部的不利地位,并逐步成长为具有国际竞争力的解决方案提供商。结合已有研究文献,并针对我国特定国情及离岸外包实践,作者以资源/能力理论为分析基础,建立了中国服务外包企业承接能力模型及评估指标,并选择北京地区企业进行了实地调研与综合分析。实证结果初步验证了作者提出的研究模型、能力结构及评估指标等,同时结合实证分析探讨了目前我国服务外包企业的承接能力现状、面临问题及相应对策。 相似文献
18.
Several new measures of national technological capabilities have recently been developed. These attempts are a result of an often-implicit theoretical consensus about the nature of technology. The aim of this article is to compare their methodologies and results. The World Economic Forum (WEF), the UN Development Program (UNDP), the UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), and the RAND Corporation are the institutions that have provided the measures examined here. We compare these authoritative attempts with our own measure of technological capability, ArCo. The results provide a broadly comparable ranking of countries, although a few significant differences do emerge. 相似文献
19.
We find that combined revenues for 10 major media in the United States have steadily declined as a proportion of overall economic activity or gross domestic product (GDP) from 1999 to at least 2009 (the latest year for which we have complete data). For individual media, we find a generally consistent pattern in which increasing revenues from Internet distribution are exceeded by declines in revenues from established distribution channels, with the exception of television and video games, whose revenues have so far kept pace with GDP. We also report a marked overall shift from advertiser to direct payment support for the media industries over this period. We consider four possible reasons for these revenue trends: shifts in consumer media usage, reduced appropriability due to more difficult copyright protection, inadequate advertising business models, and reduced costs due to more efficient Internet distribution. Our analysis suggests we may be entering an era of a declining size of media industries in terms of conventional measures, but not necessarily a falling supply of media products themselves. 相似文献
20.
以科技创新为支撑,依托科技园区的管理支持和资源网络开始成为国内外文化创意产业发展的基础.在揭示科技创新与文化创意产业发展关系的基础上,以西安高新区为例,分析了其发展文化创意产业的基础性优势、存在问题以及原因,提出了发展西安高新区文化创意产业的措施. 相似文献