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脑源性神经营养因子是神经营养素家族中重要的神经生长因子。近几十年来,随着对其生物学功能认识的逐渐深入,人们从不同的角度探讨影响脑源性神经营养因子的因素和机制。笔者综述了近年来国内外有关运动与脑源性神经营养因子的相关研究现状。 相似文献
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适宜运动训练对反复心理应激大鼠海马脑源性神经营养因子的
影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尹剑春 《天津体育学院学报》2009,24(1):75-78
目的:探讨适宜运动训练对心理应激大鼠海马脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平的影响.方法:对SD大鼠进行为期8周,每次60min的游泳运动训练,并在运动后期施加2周的心理应激,测定大鼠海马CA1区脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)积分光密度、平均光密度、阳性物面积,面密度、阳性细胞数、数密度水平变化.结果:(1)经过2周心理应激后,心理应激绀大鼠海马CA1区脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)积分光密度、平均光密度、阳性物面积,面密度、阳性细胞数、数密度水平显著低于对照组;(2)经过8周运动训练后,运动组人鼠海马CA1区脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)积分光密度、平均光密度、阳性物面积,面密度、阳性细胞数、数密度水平显著高于对照组;同时运动+心理应激组大鼠海马CA1区脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)积分光密度、平均光密度、阳性物面积,面密度、阳性细胞数、数密度水平显著高于应激组;结论:适宜运动训练可以降低心理应激反应程度,使大脑海马区BDNF水平提高,维持大脑海马区在应激状态下的生理功能稳定. 相似文献
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从脑源性神经营养因子和突触传递长时程增强谈起，介绍了BDNF和LTP的性质以及在运动技能学习中BDNF对LTP的影响和增强机制。 相似文献
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围绕鸢尾素介导运动干预神经精神疾病的最新研究进展,系统梳理鸢尾素通过作用于中枢神经系统促进产生神经营养因子、改善神经元功能、促进神经元增殖和神经发生、改善脑内能量代谢和氧化应激水平、降低神经毒性作用等功能,从外周途径阐述鸢尾素信号通路在运动改善抑郁症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森综合征等神经精神疾病中的作用机制。发现鸢尾素在运动改善神经精神疾病中起着积极的调控作用,运动诱导的鸢尾素水平会随运动强度的不同而发生改变。肌肉与脑存在着一种以内分泌为主导的通路,骨骼肌作为一种内分泌器官可调控大脑健康和稳态,鸢尾素信号通路可介导运动对神经精神疾病的干预。运动引起的骨骼肌收缩产生的鸢尾素通过外周途径调控大脑的脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平,进而对情绪、认知及神经功能发挥调控作用。 相似文献
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为了解运动对脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）的影响，采用文献资料法论述了BDNF的结构与生物学特性，综述了国内外有关运动与BDNF关系的研究进展及该领域研究中存在的一些问题。结果表明：无论是规律性有氧运动，还是短时间急性运动都可以诱导BNDF的释放进而有利于增强神经系统的运动健康效应。 相似文献
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运动预防和延缓阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease,AD）的作用机制并非仅与β-淀粉样蛋白（β-amyloid peptides, Aβ）、tau蛋白过度磷酸化等特征性病理症状改变有关,其可能是运动多靶点效应协同改善大脑葡萄糖代谢紊乱和AD特征性病理症状的结果。运动可发挥其多靶点效应,激活脑源性神经营养因子和腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶、Sirtuins等信号分子,上调胰岛素信号通路活性,抑制神经炎症诱发的胰岛素抵抗,增加葡萄糖转运载体表达,改善糖酵解、三羧酸循环和氧化磷酸化等葡萄糖氧化分解代谢途径障碍,从而协同改善大脑糖代谢紊乱和AD特征性病理症状,发挥抗AD的作用。 相似文献
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运动可以重塑大脑海马的结构与功能,改善情绪、增强记忆,对促进个体心理健康及成功老化具有重要意义。从动物学视角看,运动重塑海马结构主要包括运动促进海马神经发生和运动对海马神经元凋亡的双重影响两方面;运动重塑海马功能则集中在运动可以调节海马突触长时程增强效应方面。从人类影像学视角切入,运动重塑海马结构聚焦于运动对海马体积的影响;运动重塑海马功能则涉及运动影响海马激活水平、血流灌注水平及海马与其他脑区的功能连接三个方面。不同运动形式、不同运动剂量对海马作用效果存在差异,其机制涉及脑可塑性假说、脑源性神经营养因子假说和神经递质假说。未来研究可进一步关注海马可塑性与早期应激事件、儿童青少年学习与教育、情绪健康、老年期认知功能以及临床康复领域的关联。研究路径与布局需继续优化实验设计、革新研究技术手段、推进多学科交叉融合,从人毕生发展的角度深入探索运动促进海马健康的认知神经机制,开发运动干预海马相关神经系统疾病的运动处方,从而推进健康关口前移,发挥运动是良医的功效。 相似文献
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神经营养因子(neurotrophic factors,NFs)缺失是导致脑功能衰退及神经退行性疾病的重要因素。帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)属于神经退行性疾病的一种,患者常表现出静息性肌肉震颤、运动性肌力缺失、运动迟缓、姿势僵硬不稳、步态异常等病症,其病理基础是中脑黑质致密部基底神经节多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能神经元丢失和DA减少。研究认为,运动可通过促进NFs的表达,促进DA能神经元的存活和DA的增多,改善PD的病理和病症。其机制可能与运动诱导NFs增多,进而调节PD病理相关分子酪氨酸羟化酶、N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体、突触素、α-突触核蛋白表达以及改善氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍和神经炎症反应等有关,但其中的确切调节机制尚未得以完全揭示。同时,运动模式、运动强度和运动时间等因素,也在运动调节NFs表达中影响干预的差异。运动产生的机械刺激,引发血液循环通过血脑屏障与脑内信号分子的变化,激活脑内NFs相关信号通路,从而促进NFs调节PD脑内的相关信号分子,改善或缓解PD。通过分析运动干预调控NFs的表达,进而作用于脑内PD病理相关分子,探讨NFs在运动调控PD病理中的作用及机制。 相似文献
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体育活动可以改善人体的认知功能,但对其确切介导因子仍存在较多争议.神经营养素家族的成员,如脑源性神经生长因子、神经生长因子、神经营养素3等可能参与上述过程.认为:运动既可以通过调节神经营养素增强突触和认知的可塑性,也可以通过神经系统固有的、BDNF依赖的突触可塑性能力而实现神经功能的恢复. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2020,9(1):74-81
The many important benefits of physical exercise also encompass maintenance or improvement of cognitive functions. Among the various mechanisms underlying the association between physical exercise and brain health, recent evidence attests that neurotrophin receptor signaling may have an important role, because the activation of this pathway leads to growth and differentiation of new neurons and synapses, supports axonal and dendritic growth, fosters synaptic plasticity, and preserves survival of existing neurons. In this review of published evidence, we highlight that a positive relationship exists between physical exercise and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and that the postexercise variation of this molecule is associated with improvement of neurocognitive functioning. Less clear evidence has instead been published for other neurotrophins, such as nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4. Overall, promotion of adequate volumes and intensities of physical exercise (i.e., approximately 3 months of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, with 2–3 sessions/week lasting not less than 30 min) may hence be regarded as an inexpensive and safe strategy for boosting brain-derived neurotrophic factor release, thus preserving or restoring cognitive functions. 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2023,12(2):175-185
BackgroundEmerging research supports the idea that exercise positively affects neurodevelopment. However, the mechanisms linking exercise with brain health are largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of exercise on (a) blood biomarkers selected based on previous evidence (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), cathepsin B (CTSB), kynurenine, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)); and (b) a panel of 92 neurology-related proteins (discovery analysis). We also investigated whether changes in these biomarkers mediate the effects of exercise on brain health (hippocampal structure and function, cognitive performance, and mental health).MethodsWe randomized 81 overweight/obese children (10.1 ± 1.1 years, 41% girls) into 2 groups: either 20 weeks of aerobic plus resistance exercise or control. Candidate biomarkers were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for kynurenine, FGF21, and CTSB; colorimetry for β-hydroxybutyrate; and XMap for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The 92 neurology-related proteins were analyzed by an antibody-based proteomic analysis.ResultsOur intervention had no significant effect on candidate biomarkers (all p > 0.05). In the discovery analysis, a reduction in circulating macrophage scavenger receptor type-I was observed (standardized differences between groups = –0.3, p = 0.001). This effect was validated using ELISA methods (standardized difference = –0.3, p = 0.01). None of the biomarkers mediated the effects of exercise on brain health.ConclusionsOur study does not support a chronic effect of exercise on candidate biomarkers. We observed that while chronic exercise reduced the levels of macrophage scavenger receptor type-I, it did not mediate the effects of exercise on brain health. Future studies should explore the implications of this novel biomarker for overall health. 相似文献
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褪黑素(melatonin,MT)在同步昼夜节律方面具有关键作用,且抑郁症的主要特征就是昼夜节律紊乱导致的睡眠障碍和褪黑素分泌紊乱。针对昼夜节律系统开发出的褪黑素类似物(如阿戈美拉汀、雷美替胺、他司美琼等)在治疗抑郁症方面有积极作用,特别是阿戈美拉汀,这是一种具有抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用的褪黑素受体激动剂及5-HT2C受体拮抗剂。研究综述了昼夜节律紊乱与抑郁症之间的关联,以及褪黑素在运动调控生物节律与改善抑郁行为方面的作用及机制,并提出了运动联合MT的抗抑郁策略。提出运动的抗抑郁作用,一方面通过MT的分泌调节使生物节律同步和MT促进海马神经发生和生物钟基因表达同步,另一方面通过MT调节脑源性神经营养因子节律和水平及改善炎症和氧化应激。 相似文献
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力竭运动对大鼠骨骼肌自由基代谢及肌细胞膜通透性的影响 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
以大鼠急性递增负荷运动至力竭为模型,观察运动后大鼠骨骼肌形态学改变与自由基损伤的关系。结果表明:力竭性运动后骨骼肌脂质过氧化水平显著增高,至运动后48 h 仍未恢复;骨骼肌形态改变主要表现为肌纤维膜通透性增高,线粒体肿大,Z线异常,肌原纤维降解,并以运动后24～48 h 最为严重。脂质过氧化程度与骨骼肌超微结构改变有密切关系。运动后自由基生成增多是骨骼肌结构破坏的直接因素,更是其形态进一步改变的激发因素。 相似文献
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《运动与健康科学(英文)》2022,11(3):367-375
BackgroundAlthough brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been identified as a molecular biomarker of the neurophysiological effects induced by exercise, the acute effects of high-intensity exercise (HIE) on BDNF levels are inconclusive. This study aims to estimate the immediate effects of HIE on BDNF levels in healthy young adults.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, and SPORTDiscuss databases up to December 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs reporting pre–post changes in serum or plasma BDNF after an acute intervention of HIE compared to a control condition were included. Pooled effect sizes (p-ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated for RCTs using a random effects model with Stata/SE (Version 15.0; StataCorp., College Station, TX, USA). The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. PROPERO registration number: CRD42020221047.ResultsA total of 22 studies with 552 individuals (age range: 20–31 years; 59.1% male) were included. The meta-analysis included 10 RCTs that reported valid outcome data. Higher BDNF levels were observed when HIE interventions were compared with non-exercise (p-ES = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.12–0.98; I2 = 25.7%; n = 4 studies) and light-intensity exercise (p-ES = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.15–1.40; I2 = 52.4%; n = 3 studies) but not moderate-intensity exercise (p-ES = 0.93, 95%CI: –0.16 to 2.02; I2 = 88.5%; n = 4 studies) conditions.ConclusionIn comparison to non-exercise or light-intensity exercises, an immediate increase in BDNF levels may occur when young adults perform HIE. Given the benefits obtained maximizing circulating BDNF when performing HIE and its potential effects on brain health, our findings suggest that HIE could be recommended by clinicians as a useful exercise strategy to healthy adults. 相似文献