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1.
生态系统服务价值核算在土地利用规划战略环境评价上的应用——以北京市为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
战略环境评价以其高层次和直接性的特点,被运用到政策和计划、规划的评价上.战略环境评价在土地利用规划评价上的应用研究已经广泛的开展,本文将生态系统服务价值核算引入到战略环境评价中来,使其作为评价方法对北京市1996年～2010年土地利用总体规划进行了战略环境评价.结果表明,北京市生态系统服务价值在规划期内增加了23.90×108元,规划起到了增加生态效益的效果.然而由于人口增长速度快,规划期间内生态系统人均服务价值则呈下降趋势,生态环境的保护建设力度滞后于人口增长的速度;为缓解生态系统人均服务价值下降的趋势,则需要对规划进行一定的修改和补充,进一步加强生态环境建设的力度.而2006年的土地利用数据也表明,该规划在实施方面与目标存在一定的偏差,需要加大实施力度. 相似文献
2.
《内蒙古科技与经济》2015,(11)
在Costanza等学者的生态系统服务价值理论指导下,运用六盘水市土地利用变化数据对其生态系统服务价值的变化及发展趋势进行研究。结果显示,六盘水市生态系统服务价值呈下降状态,从2008年的416.7亿元下降到2014年395.48亿元,年均下降率是0.85%。2020年,森林和园地面积上升,水域和耕地面积下降,森林和园地面积上升导致的生态系统服务价值增加值不能弥补因水域和耕地面积下降形成的生态系统服务价值下降的趋势,因此,2020年,六盘水市生态系统服务价值仍为下降趋势。 相似文献
3.
土地整理区域生态系统服务价值损益规律研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
论文以湖北省南水北调汉江沿线土地开发整理重大工程2010-2011年规划实施的57个土地整理项目为例,考虑公众支付意愿对单位面积生态系统服务价值进行修正,测算研究区土地利用变化带来的生态系统服务价值变化,并基于Mann-Kendall检验法分析生态系统服务价值损益与项目建设规模增减的趋势关系.研究结果表明:①研究区域内土地整理的实施会造成生态系统服务价值损失,平均下降值394元/(hm2·a);②采用土地利用优势度指数、土地利用均匀度指数等指标可以较好地拟和生态系统服务价值变化趋势;③当土地整理项目建设规模小于2 000hm2时,生态系统服务价值损益随建设规模的增加而减少,平均幅度是754元/(hm2·a);当建设规模大于2 000hm2时,生态系统服务价值损益呈下降趋势,平均下降幅度是754元/(hm2·a);当建设规模介于2 000～3 000hm2之间时,生态系统服务价值损益呈上升趋势,平均上升幅度是895元/(hm2·a);当建设规模大于3000hm2时,生态系统服务价值损益上升幅度变缓,平均为378元/(hm2·a). 相似文献
4.
基于土地利用变化的天津市生态系统服务价值响应及驱动因子分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
生态系统服务价值评估是判断土地利用结构的合理性,实现土地结构优化、生态环境保护的重要依据。应用生态系统服务价值系数法,量化2002—2011年天津市土地利用变化及其引起的生态系统服务价值变化,分析总人口数、固定资产投资额、城镇化水平和第三产业产值4个驱动因素与生态系统服务价值变化之间的关联程度。研究表明:研究期间天津市的生态系统服务价值以水域为主,其波动对天津市生态系统服务价值影响较大;林地、建设用地对天津市生态系统服务价值变化的影响逐渐增强;城镇化水平因素对生态系统服务价值变化影响最为明显。在此基础上,提出相关对策建议。 相似文献
5.
基于灰色模型预测的矿区生态系统服务价值变化研究——以山西省平朔露天矿区为例 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
露天煤矿开采对区域景观格局、生态过程、生物生境等造成巨大影响,导致矿区生态系统服务功能和价值发生变化。该文以山西省平朔露天煤矿1987年、1996年、2005年和2010年遥感影像数据及矿区未来复垦计划和产业转型规划的相关资料为基础,利用生态系统服务经济价值评估方法,分析了1987-2010年煤炭开采对矿区生态系统的食物生产等生产服务价值和土壤形成与保护、水源涵养、生物多样性维持、气候调节等支持与调节服务价值的影响,并使用在缓冲算子调节下改进的灰色系统GM(1,1)模型预测2010-2020年矿区在产业转型背景下生态系统服务价值的变化。结果表明:受煤矿开采的影响,平朔矿区原地貌土地被大量损毁,导致了矿区生态系统结构受损和生态系统服务价值下降。1987-2010年,平朔矿区5项生态系统服务总价值由9 206.15万元下降到6 688.14万元,年均下降1.19%,其中1987-1996年、1996-2005年、2005-2010年3个阶段生态系统服务价值下降速率分别为15.22%、9.22%、5.61%;预测2010-2020年间,受土地复垦和产业转型升级的影响,矿区生态系统服务价值下降速度趋于缓慢,至2020年矿区5项生态系统服务总价值为6 429.81万元,年均下降0.39%。在露天煤矿开采的不同阶段,应注重通过保护性的矿产开采,科学的地貌重塑、土壤重构、植被重建等技术及生态产业的大力发展来调控矿区生态系统组成、结构和功能,从而提高矿区各项生态系统服务价值。 相似文献
6.
《科技通报》2017,(1)
生态系统服务价值研究是目前生态学研究的热点之一,但关于海岛地区生态系统服务价值的研究尚不多见。在基于海岛农田产量、森林生物量、植被覆盖度进行生态系统服务价值当量修订的基础上,利用研究区域1986-2014年的土地利用数据,对典型海岛册子岛的土地利用变化与生态系统服务价值进行分析。结果表明:1986-2014年,建设用地面积不断增加,其余土地利用类型面积有不同程度的减少;研究区域整体服务价值处于下降趋势,28年来总价值减少了19.99%,即2.94×107元。其中滩涂沼泽与林地的生态系统服务价值量减少最多,建设用地的价值变化率最大。该研究对转变海岛地区经济发展方式,促进海岛可持续发展能提供基础信息与决策依据。 相似文献
7.
传统土地利用总体规划理论认为土地利用总体规划是一种确定性的规划,形成的规划成果往往具有很强的刚性,很容易造成规划脱离现实而失效。因此如何正确处理土地利用总体规划中的弹性问题具有十分重要的意义,甚至关系到规划的成败。本文提出了基于弹性理论视角的土地利用总体规划思路。希望能够为相关领域的研究提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
8.
土地利用总体规划对区域内环境会造成长期、复杂且难以逆转的影响,因此需要对规划可能导致的环境影响进行分析评价,以确定规划的可行性、合理性和科学性。就目前环境影响评价现状而言,国内大多数的环境影响评价均是针对建设项目进行的,涉及到土地规划环境影响评价的研究和案例较少,评价方法和指标体系也不尽完善。本文对土地利用总体规划的环境影响评价的现状、理论研究等相关知识内容做以梳理和研究,希望借此探讨土地利用总体规划对环境影响的机理,以推动土地利用总体规划环境影响评价的发展。 相似文献
9.
土地利用总体规划环境影响评价是实现社会、经济、环境可持续发展的必然要求。本文概述了土地利用规划环境影响评价的目标、体系及方法,以大同市为例,在对规划目标和规划方案初步评价的基础上,构建了大同市土地利用总体规划环境影响评价指标体系,提出了最优方案,并提出了有利于土地利用总体规划环境影响的相应措施。 相似文献
10.
基于可持续度的连云港市土地利用总体规划实施评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
土地利用总体规划实施评价对于落实规划、强化实施具有重要意义。本文在土地可持续利用研究成果的基础上,通过构建基于可持续度的土地利用总体规划实施评价体系,对连云港市土地利用总体规划实施的可持续度进行了评价。结果表明：①采用可持续度量的方法,可以较好的对土地利用总体规划的实施效果进行定量评价;②上一轮规划实施至今,连云港市土地利用总体规划实施的可持续度呈上升趋势,处于中度可持续状态,但环境指标和社会指标方面,规划实施仍不可持续。在此基础上,提出了新一轮规划着眼解决的3个难题：“生存与发展问题”、“刚性与弹性问题”、“静态与动态问题”,以及完善规划的若干措施和建议,为新一轮规划修编提供有利借鉴。 相似文献
11.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
12.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
13.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
14.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
15.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
16.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
17.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
18.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
19.
Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
20.
WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献