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1.
This paper describes an investigation of 13- and 14-year-old pupils' classification skills when they analyze scientific data in science lessons. The study involved two matched experimental and control pairs of classes of pupils (n = 95) analyzing scientifically based data. The assessment instrument for investigating pupils' skills was the paper and pencil pre- and post-test. This instrument showed small differences between the pre- and post-tests, and also between the computer-using and noncomputer-using pupils. However, it revealed pupils' specific skills to classify and reclassify scientific data according to criteria of a single property, their tendency to prioritize discrete over continuous criteria, and also some differences between the more able and less able pupils of the same age. The less able pupils could only classify according to discrete criteria. The scientific context influenced pupils' classification skills. 相似文献
2.
In the last twenty years, researchers have studied students’ mathematical and scientific conceptions and reasoning. Most of this research is content‐specific. It has been found that students often hold ideas that are not in line with accepted scientific notions. In our joint work in mathematics and science education, it became apparent that many of these alternative conceptions hail from a small number of intuitive rules. We have so far identified two such rules: ‘The more of A, the more of B’, and, ‘Everything can be divided by two’. The first rule is reflected in students’ responses to many tasks, including all classical Piagetian conservation tasks (conservation of number, area, weight, volume, matter, etc.), all tasks related to intensive quantities (density, temperature, concentration, etc.), and tasks related to infinite quantities. The second rule is observed in responses related to successive division of material and geometrical objects, and in seriation tasks. In this paper we describe and discuss the second rule and its relevance to science and mathematics education. In a previous paper (Stavy and Tirosh 1995, in press) we described and discussed the first rule. 相似文献
3.
In the last twenty years researchers have studied students’ mathematical and scientific conceptions and reasoning. Most of this research is content‐specific. It has been found that students often hold ideas that are not in line with accepted scientific notions. In our joint work in mathematics and science education it became apparent that many of these alternative conceptions hail from the same intuitive rules. We have so far identified two such rules: ‘The more of A, the more of B’ and, ‘Everything can be divided by two’. The first rule is reflected in students’ responses to many tasks, including all classical Piagetian conservation tasks (conservation of number, area, weight, volume, matter, etc.), in all tasks related to intensive quantities (density, temperature, concentration, etc.), and in tasks related to infinite quantities. The second rule is observed in responses related to successive division of material and geometrical objects, and in successive dilution tasks. In this paper we describe and discuss the first rule and its relevance to science and mathematics education. In a second paper (Tirosh and Stavy, in press) we shall describe and discuss the second rule. 相似文献
4.
刘艳明 《鞍山师范学院学报》2007,9(4):105-107
小学生数学思维能力的培养是小学数学教学中的一项重要内容.数学是思维的体操,发展学生思维是数学教育的灵魂.将从调动学生学习数学的积极性,促进学生积极参与思维过程;加强对学生的数学思维训练,促进学生数学思维能力的提高;加强思维方法指导,发展学生辩证思维,培养学生创造性思维能力等3个方面对如何培养小学生数学思维能力进行论述. 相似文献
5.
Many studies have been conducted on hearing pupils' understanding of science. Findings from these studies have been used as grounds for planning instruction in school science. This article reports findings from an interview study of how deaf pupils in compulsory school reason about phenomena in a science context. The results reveal that there is variation in the extent to which pupils use scientific principles for reasoning about science phenomena. For some pupils, school science seems to have little to offer as a framework for reasoning. The results also generate questions about the need in school instruction of deaf and hard-of-hearing pupils to consider the specific teaching and learning situations in a deaf environment. 相似文献
6.
During the last two decades many researchers in mathematics and science education have studied students’ conceptions and ways of reasoning in mathematics and science. Most of this research is content‐specific. It was found that students hold alternative ideas that are not always compatible with those accepted in science. It was suggested that in the process of learning science or mathematics, students should restructure their specific conceptions to make them conform to currently accepted scientific ideas. In our work in mathematics and science education it became apparent that some of the alternative conceptions in science and mathematics are based on the same intuitive rules. We have so far identified two such rules: “More of A, more of B”, and “Subdivision processes can always be repeated”. The first rule is reflected in subjects’ responses to many tasks, including all classical Piagetian conservation tasks (conservation of number, area, weight, volume, matter, etc.) in all tasks related to intensive quantities (density, temperature, concentration, etc.) and in all tasks related to infinite quantities. The second rule is observed in students’, preservice and inservice teachers’ responses to tasks related to successive division of material and geometrical objects and in seriation tasks. In this paper, we describe and discuss these rules and their relevance to science and mathematics education. 相似文献
7.
WU Zhong-he 《江苏教育研究》2008,(15)
以学生的数学能力(数学成绩,数学认知水平,数学学习态度)来衡量、评价数学教材是一种有效的方法。在广泛调查的基础上,本文对不同城市学校使用苏教版小学数学教材和非苏教版小学数学教材的学生的数学能力以及国外相应学龄段学生的数学能力作了深入比较,阐述了使用苏教版小学数学教材的学生数学学习情况。结果显示,使用苏教版教材的学生的数学成就整体水平高于使用非苏教版教材的学生和国外(地区)学生的平均水平,但这些学生在数学推理能力上较差。同时,调查表明使用苏教版教材学生在数学学习的信心和态度等方面较为积极。学生对数学的认识趋于正向,认为数学贴近生活,从而喜欢数学,消除了对数学的畏惧心理。研究建议,建立经常性的教材评价制度,以提高教材和教学的品质。 相似文献
8.
家庭与社会的误导,教师权利的不恰当使用,承受压力过大是小学生丧失“亲社会行为”的三大原因。为此．必须采取以下措施以培养学生的“亲社会行为”：通过各种途径和方法,减轻学生的心理压力;满足学生的亲和需要,使学生对班集体产生归属感;为学生提供相互理解和宽容的机会,促进集体成功的心理相容;培养学生发社会视角转换技能,增强学生对他人的认同感。 相似文献
9.
John Trushell Clare Burrell & Amanda Maitland 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2001,32(4):389-401
The use of "interactive storybooks" in the primary classroom may facilitate small group and individual reading with minimal teacher intervention. This small-scale study examines whether small groups of Year 5 pupils, without teacher supervision, progress linearly through an "interactive storybook" and whether such diversions as cued animations affect pupil comprehension. The study finds that more intensive choice of diversions affects some pupils' comprehension. 相似文献
10.
George Ball 《Pastoral Care in Education》1998,16(1):17-20
The School Watch initiative is centred in South Wales and involves police liaison officers, primary schools and their pupils. In each interested school, the scheme is explained and the pupils then decide if they want to take part. A pupils' committee is elected which is given support and guidance by the liaison officer. A key element of the scheme is the involvement of the pupils themselves and the way the pupils' committee plays a major part in the choice and running of activities. The scheme benefits pupils both in terms of their personal and social development and in their attitudes to the police. The paper ends with a number of examples of the type of work that schools have undertaken within this scheme. 相似文献
11.
12.
A framework for helping low-achieving pupils through reinforcement in technology at high school is presented. Social-cognitive
theory, concepts of authentic learning, learning by doing and peer learning all underpin the efforts to remove pupils from
the vicious circle of low expectations and failures. The primary goal of modern technology studies is to impart pupils with
high cognitive and personal competencies, as an alternative to teaching motor-based skills or memorising-based knowledge.
This study's subjects were two groups of pupils who learned technology in an Israeli comprehensive high school. In tenth grade,
the pupils became acquainted with the LEGO-Logo learning environment, acquired thinking tools from de Bono's CoRT program
and worked in groups or individually on original projects. At the same time, they learned theoretical topics such as the physics
of static mechanical systems and computerised technical drawing. In the eleventh and twelfth grades, the pupils took advanced
courses in mechanical engineering, such as design of machine parts, automation and control systems. Observations in classes,
interviews with the pupils and their parents, and findings from pupil questionnaires indicated an improvement in the pupils'
self-efficacy and increased motivation to study at the present and in the future. The main features of the program, in the
pupils' eyes, were construction activities, team projects and free study. The major ‘outputs’, in the pupils' eyes, were independence,
initiative and interest in their studies.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Visuospatial working memory in adolescents with poor performance in mathematics: variation depending on reading skills 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Minna Kyttälä 《教育心理学》2008,28(3):273-289
The first purpose of this study was to investigate whether the visuospatial working memory (VSWM) skills of 15–16‐year‐old pupils with difficulties in mathematics differ from those of their normally achieving peers. The goal was to broaden the view of the complex system of VSWM. A set of passive and active VSWM tasks was used. The study’s second purpose was to investigate whether pupils with mathematical difficulties differed in their VSWM skills based on whether they had signs of reading deficits or not. Results indicate that the pupils with poor performance in maths showed poorer performance on certain VSWM tasks. The group with deficits only in maths had less capacity for storing passive visual simultaneous information, while the group with difficulties both in maths and reading had deficits in both storing (passive visual and visuospatial information) and processing, and had less ability to control irrelevant visuospatial information compared to their peers of the same age. The results indicate a general VSWM deficit in pupils with both mathematics and reading problems and a specific VSWM deficit in pupils with only mathematics problems. 相似文献
14.
Lotte F. Henrichs Paul P.M. Leseman 《International Journal of Science Education》2013,35(17):2978-2995
Early science instruction is important in order to lay a firm basis for learning scientific concepts and scientific thinking. In addition, young children enjoy science. However, science plays only a minor role in the kindergarten curriculum. It has been reported that teachers feel they need to prioritize language and literacy practices over science. In this paper, we investigate whether science lessons might be integrated with learning the language functional for school: academic language. The occurrence of scientific reasoning and sophisticated vocabulary in brief science lessons with 5-year-olds is evaluated. The aim of the study was twofold: first, to explore the nature of kindergarten science discourse without any researcher directions (pre-intervention observation). Second, in a randomized control trial, we evaluated the effect on science discourse of a brief teacher training session focused on academic language awareness. The science lessons focussed on air pressure and mirror reflection. Analyses showed that teachers from the intervention group increased their use of scientific reasoning and of domain-specific academic words in their science discourse, compared to the control group. For the use of general academic words and for lexical diversity, the effect was task-specific: these dependent measures only increased during the air pressure task. Implications of the study include the need to increase teachers' awareness of possibilities to combine early science instruction and academic language learning. 相似文献
15.
Terry Oakley-Smith Mervyn Skuy Margaret Westaway 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1988,11(2):105-113
A survey was conducted of 692 black and white high school pupils in sixteen South African high schools. A questionnaire requested information regarding pupils' perceptions of the extent to which they actually received guidance services in twelve areas listed in official syllabi. Subjects were also asked to indicate which of these dimensions they wished to receive, and their preferences in this regard. Results indicated that black pupils received guidance significantly less than did whites, and that they had a commensurately stronger desire for such input. In their ordering of preferred areas in which Guidance should be provided, there were certain commonalities and a few differences in the responses of black and white pupils. It was concluded that the inadequacies in the guidance system, particularly for blacks, are associated with the nature of the apartheid society. Accordingly, changes in the guidance system are seen as dependent upon pervasive reform of that society. 相似文献
16.
Sue Pearson 《British Journal of Special Education》2003,30(2):79-86
Previous research has suggested that children making transitions from one setting into another have to adjust to new sets of expectations and different cultural contexts for teaching and learning. In particular, they have to redefine for themselves 'what counts as literacy'. In this article, Sue Pearson, a past President of NASEN, an experienced teacher and currently a lecturer at Leeds University, reports on her investigations into whether similar adjustments may be required of some pupils as they start secondary school.
The recommendations at the end of this article are based on interviews with 24 11 to 12 year-olds and are of direct relevance to practitioners in primary and secondary schools and to parents and family members. Sue Pearson uses pupils' perceptions to raise important issues about the nature of the support that pupils experiencing difficulties in literacy require as they make the transfer from Year 6 to Year 7. 相似文献
The recommendations at the end of this article are based on interviews with 24 11 to 12 year-olds and are of direct relevance to practitioners in primary and secondary schools and to parents and family members. Sue Pearson uses pupils' perceptions to raise important issues about the nature of the support that pupils experiencing difficulties in literacy require as they make the transfer from Year 6 to Year 7. 相似文献
17.
陈伟忠 《宁波教育学院学报》2008,10(2):126-128
对小学生观察能力的培养,教师应从让学生处于自然的条件下观察、精心挑选材料、指导学生边思考边观察、及时记录和交流发现等方面提高学生的观察力,从而提高学生认识世界的能力。 相似文献
18.
Investigating pupils' images of mathematicians 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper describes a research project that had two goals: (1) to design and develop a tool with which to investigate pupils'
images of mathematicians; and (2) to use the device to compare those images held by lower secondary pupils (ages 12–13) in
five countries. We report that with small cultural differences certain stereotypical images of mathematicians are common to
pupils in all of these countries and these images indicate that for pupils of this age mathematicians and the work that they
do are, for all practical purposes, invisible.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
Carmen Batanero Virginia Navarro-Pelayo Juan D. Godino 《Educational Studies in Mathematics》1997,32(2):181-199
Elementary combinatorial problems may be classified into three different combinatorial models (selection, partition and distribution). The main goal of this research was to determine the effect of the implicit combinatorial model on pupils' combinatorial reasoning before and after instruction. When building the questionnaire, we also considered the combinatorial operation and the nature of elements as task variables. The analysis of variance of the answers from 720 14–15 year-old pupils showed the influence of the implicit combinatorial model on problem difficulty and the interaction of all the factors with instruction. Qualitative analysis also revealed the dependence of error types on task variables. Consequently, the implicit combinatorial model should be considered as a didactic variable in organising elementary combinatorics teaching. 相似文献
20.
Teachers learning how to learn 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
School pupils learning how to learn (LHTL), aimed at helping them develop learning autonomy, requires teachers to develop new classroom practices. Hence teachers LHTL is equally important. The TLRP ‘Learning How to Learn in Classrooms, Schools and Networks’ project researched how practices were developed by teachers in 40 primary and secondary schools in England. Quantitative data were collected using teacher and pupil questionnaires, and qualitative data came from interviews with head teachers, school project co-ordinators and a sub-sample of classroom teachers. Some teachers were also observed and video-recorded. External constraints made it difficult for teachers to promote pupils' learning autonomy, unless they fundamentally changed the nature of classroom tasks and climate. A key factor was teachers' own engagement in collaborative classroom-focused inquiry. However, to be successful, this needed to be supported by school management and leadership. There were strong statistical relationships between school policy, teachers' professional learning and their capacity to promote learning autonomy in their pupils. Teacher learning through networking within their schools, and with other teachers in other schools, was also shown to be important. 相似文献