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1.
Polyzois Makras George N Koukoulis George Bourikas George Papatheodorou Konstantinos Bedevis Panagiotis Menounos 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):825-834
In this study, we assessed the effects of a 4 week basic military physical training programme for male recruits of the Hellenic Air Force on the number and distribution of circulating immune cells and adrenergic and adrenocortical hormonal responses. One group of recruits (exercised, n = 48) participated in moderate intermittent physical exercise, whereas a second group (non-exercised controls, n = 9) performed only light work in the barracks. Both groups participated in the same non-physical, classroom-type training and testing. Military training by the exercised group resulted in significant increases in CD4?+? T-lymphocytes, renal cortisol excretion and the urinary noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio, together with reductions in neutrophils and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. In the exercised group, the urinary noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio correlated positively with the training-induced changes in CD4?+? T-lymphocytes and negatively with changes in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. No significant relationship was found between training-induced increases in cortisol excretion and any of the peripheral blood cell alterations. Our results indicate that 4 weeks of military training consisting of intermittent moderate exercise resulted in a significant increase in CD4?+? T-lymphocytes and reduction in neutrophils. These changes were probably driven by alterations in hormonal status, including the significant impact of sympathetic nervous system activation. 相似文献
2.
赛前强化训练对短跨项目运动员T淋巴细胞和唾液SIgA的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广东省田径队参加“2 0 0 0年全国田径锦标赛”优秀短跨项目运动员 4周大强度训练和比赛的跟踪调查 ,观察大强度长时间训练和比赛对其机体免疫机能的影响。结果表明 :长时间大强度训练使T淋巴系统功能降低 ,整个训练期CD4+ /CD8+ 值低于正常值 ,呈非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;CD4+ 百分含量显著下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但CD8+ 百分含量变化不大。经过调整和比赛后 ,所有指标均有升高趋势 ,但没有统计学意义。整个训练和比赛中 ,分泌型免疫球蛋白SIgA呈现对抗原刺激后的增加 ,训练后有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结果提示 :高水平田径短跨项目运动员赛前大强度长时间训练会导致机体T淋巴细胞免疫系统功能下降 ,但是粘膜免疫系统功能在外界抗原刺激下有所升高 ,且训练后SIgA的变化与CD4+ 及CD4+ /CD8+ 值显著相关。因此 ,利用两者的变化可监测田径短跨项目运动员机体免疫系统功能的变化 相似文献
3.
不同负荷的运动训练对大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的影响 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
为了研究运动训练对机体T淋巴细胞亚群的影响,对大鼠进行为期8周的不同负荷运动训练,测定外周血液中CD3 、CD4 和CD8 T淋巴细胞的数量.实验结果:运动训练后,CD3 T淋巴细胞在各组之间无显著性差异;lh训练组中,CD4 T淋巴细胞显著高于对照组,CD8 T淋巴细胞与对照组相比虽有下降,但无显著性差异,从而使CD4 /CD8 显著高于对照组.在力竭性训练组中,CD4 细胞显著低于1h训练组,而与对照组相比有下降趋势,但无显著性差异;而CD8 细胞显著高于1h训练组和对照组,从而使CD4 /CD8 显著低于1h训练组和对照组.结果表明,适当的运动训练可以提高机体的免疫功能,而长期力竭性运动训练可导致机体免疫功能的抑制. 相似文献
4.
Jiří Baláš David Giles Leona Chrastinová Kateřina Kárníková Jan Kodejška Alžběta Hlaváčková 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(10):989-994
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of alterations in potential lead fall distance on the hormonal responses of rock climbers. Nine advanced female climbers completed two routes while clipping all (PRO-all) or half (PRO-½) of the fixed points of protection. Venous blood samples were analysed for total catecholamines, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), adrenaline (epinephrine), dopamine, lactate, cortisol and serotonin. Differences between the two conditions pre, immediately post and 15 min post climbing were assessed using a 2 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA. All hormones and blood lactate concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) immediately post climb, except for cortisol. Peak cortisol concentrations did not occur until 15 min post ascent. Further, significant interactions between climbing and clipping conditions were found for total catecholamines (890% of basal concentration in PRO-½ vs. 568% in PRO-all), noradrenaline (794% vs. 532%) and dopamine (500% vs. 210%). There were no significant interactions for adrenaline (1920% vs. 1045%), serotonin (150% vs. 127%) or lactate (329% vs. 279%). The study showed a greater catecholamine response with an increase in potential lead fall distance. The most pronounced increases seen in catecholamine concentration were reported for dopamine and noradrenaline. 相似文献
5.
赛前强化训练和比赛对优秀女子赛艇运动员免疫系统机能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对河南省参加2005年全国春季锦标赛的12名优秀女子赛艇运动员4周大运动量训练和比赛的跟踪调查，观察大运动量训练和比赛对其机体免疫机能的影响。结果显示：赛艇运动员机体的CD4及CD4D／CD。在比赛后显著下降、NK细胞显著上升、补体C4明显上升，而免疫球蛋白的变化不一。提示在对运动员免疫系统机能进行监测时，需同时监测免疫球蛋白、补体及T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞指标。 相似文献
6.
Acute impact of submaximal resistance exercise on immunological and hormonal parameters in young men 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
In this study, we examined the acute effects of submaximal resistance exercise on immunological and hormonal parameters in 7 resistance-trained and 10 non-resistance-trained males. The participants, who were aged 29.5 +/- 7.1 years (mean +/- s), performed submaximal resistance exercise at 75% of their one-repetition maximum. Blood samples were taken before, during, immediately after, and 30, 60 and 120 min after exercise and analysed for leukocyte subpopulations and stress hormones. Total leukocytes, neutrophils and monocytes increased during exercise, reaching their maximum 2 h after exercise. Lymphocytes increased during exercise, T-helper cells returned to resting values after exercise, and natural killer cells and T-suppressor cells decreased below resting values. The CD4/CD8 ratio decreased during exercise but increased during recovery. The resistance-trained participants tended to have lower T-helper cell counts before, during and immediately after exercise and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio during recovery than the non-resistance-trained participants. Plasma cortisol correlated positively with leukocytes during exercise (r = 0.572, P < 0.05), but negatively with T-helper cells 30 and 60 min after exercise (r = -0.573, P < 0.05; r = -0.642, P < 0.01, respectively). Our results indicate that resistance exercise leads to acute changes in leukocyte counts, despite moderate hormonal changes, independent of training status. Regular resistance exercise might lead to decreased T-helper cell counts and a lower CD4/CD8 ratio, which could increase susceptibility to infections. 相似文献
7.
Bouget M Rouveix M Michaux O Pequignot JM Filaire E 《Journal of sports sciences》2006,24(12):1297-1302
In this study, we examined the effect of rapidly increased training volume and intensity on hormonal responses (salivary cortisol [C] and urinary dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate [DHEA-S]) and recovery-stress state perceived by 12 female cyclists. Over the 4-day experimental period, there was an average increase in training load of approximately 122% compared with that during the previous 12 days. Scores on subscales of the Recovery Stress Questionnaire for Athletes increased for the somatic component of stress (Fatigue, Emotional Stress and Social Stress; P<0.05) and decreased the factor indicating recovery (General Well Being; P<0.05) after the heavy training period. The training programme increased resting concentrations of salivary cortisol (P<0.05) and decreased the DHEA-S/C ratio (P<0.05). The increase in training load of cyclists was correlated with this hormonal ratio (r=-0.48, P<0.05). Changes in resting cortisol concentration as a result of heavy training stress were positively related to the change in Physical Complaints (r=0.69, P<0.01). Negative relationships were also found between changes in the DHEA-S/C ratio and changes in the somatic component of stress. The present results suggest that there is a dose-response relationship between increased training load, resting DHEA-S/C ratio and subjective assessment of stress and recovery, implying that this ratio could be used as an indicator of training status in female athletes. 相似文献
8.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):869-875
AbstractBased on research suggesting that nanomaterial containing nanodiamond- and nanoplatinum-coated fibres (DPV576-C) may reduce the stress response, garments to enhance athletes’ recovery from training-induced stress have been manufactured. This study examined the effects of wearing recovery garments on the physical and psychological stress of Japanese male baseball players. Thirty-eight players aged 18–21 (19.6?±?0.2 years) who participated in a two-week intensified training programme were randomly assigned to two groups: 19 wore recovery (DPV576-C) garments (RG group) and 19 wore non-recovery garments (placebo group). Both groups wore the garments overnight. Mood states, using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire, and salivary cortisol levels were measured before (day 0) and after (day 14) the training period. Saliva samples were collected from 07:00–07:30 am. Both groups’ fatigue scores significantly increased after the training period (RG: 8.4?±?0.8–10.1?±?0.8 score; placebo: 9.8?±?1.0–11.7?±?1.0 score). The total mood disturbance (TMD) score increased significantly in the placebo group (21.0?±?2.3–27.2?±?3.0 score) but not in the RG group (17.4?±?2.7–20.2?±?2.2 score). Salivary cortisol concentrations decreased significantly in the RG group (0.71?±?0.08–0.49?±?0.05?μg/dL) but not in the placebo group (0.61?±?0.06–0.58?±?0.10?μg/dL). Therefore, wearing the DPV576-C garments overnight attenuated increases in TMD levels and decreased salivary cortisol levels following intensified training. DPV576-C garments may have beneficial effects on training-induced physical and psychological stress among athletes. 相似文献
9.
目的:探讨黄芪多糖的补充对运动性免疫发生发展的影响,并为运动训练中的营养调控提供思路.方法:将三月龄SD大鼠(清洁级)72只,随机分为3组:C组(对照组),E组(运动组)、EA组(运动同时补充黄芪多糖组),每组24只(在0、2、4、6周每组分别采样6只).观测递增负荷训练模式训练中脾脏T淋巴细胞的增殖能力及CD4+、CD8+的变化.结果:EA组大鼠的体重在2、4、6周均明显高于E组(P＜0.05),且脾脏未出现萎缩.E组2、4、6周淋巴细胞活性均低于EA组和C组,且差异显著(P＜0.05),EA组大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞活性在2周后出现明显回升,6周高于C组值(P＜0.05).E组大鼠的CD4+在4、6周明显低于C组(P＜0.05).EA组2、4、6周的值均低于C组(P＜0.05),但6周时超过了E组(P＜0.05).E组大鼠的CD8+在2、4、6周中均高于C组(P＜0.05).EA组2、4、6周CD8+的值均明显低于E组(P＜0.05),4、6周的值低于C组的值(P＜0.05).E组大鼠的CD4+/CD8+比值2、4、6周均低于C组、EA组(P＜0.05).EA组大鼠4周的值高于C组但6周值低于C组(P＜0.05).结论:说明黄芪多糖的补充能明显逆转递增负荷训练所引起的大鼠体重下降,并对大强度运动大鼠的免疫调理作用明显,可改善其失衡的免疫机能. 相似文献
10.
间歇性训练和持续性训练对大鼠腓肠肌ATP酶活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对大强度间歇训练和持续训练大鼠腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性进行比较 ,结果显示 :1) 6周训练后 ,两训练组在安静状态下 ,腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性均显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ;2 )运动后即刻 ,与运动对照组相比 ,两组腓肠肌肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性显著下降 (P<0 .0 1) ;3 )在安静状态下 ,持训组肌球蛋白Ca2 + -ATP酶活性略高于间训组 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而运动后即刻间训组显著高于持训组 (P <0 .0 5 )。研究结果提示间歇训练的效果优于同等强度持续训练。 相似文献
11.
目的:建立过度训练大鼠模型,探讨大豆多肽对过度训练大鼠肠道免疫功能的干预作用.方法:将大鼠随机分为对照组(C)、过度训练组(OT)和大豆多肽十预组(OS).榆测各组大鼠小肠组织SIgA、Gln的含量以及小肠CD4+、CD8+T细胞数量.结果:与对照组比较,过度训练组大鼠小肠组织中SIgA和Gln含量显著下降,CD4+T细胞数量、CD4+/CD8+比值显著下降,小肠CD8+T细胞数量显著升高;与OT组相比,CC4+T细胞数量、CD4+/CD8+的比值显著升高,CD8+T细胞的数量显著降低.结论:过度训练导致人鼠肠道免疫功能显著下降,过度训练时大鼠小肠Gln水平下降,可能是过度训练引起肠道免疫功能降低的主要机制.补充大豆多肽可显著改善长期人负荷运动训练大鼠肠道免疫功能,其确切机制还有待进一步深人研究. 相似文献
12.
Mikaël Bouget Mathieu Rouveix Odile Michaux Jean-Marc Pequignot 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1297-1302
Abstract In this study, we examined the effect of rapidly increased training volume and intensity on hormonal responses (salivary cortisol [C] and urinary dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate [DHEA-S]) and recovery-stress state perceived by 12 female cyclists. Over the 4-day experimental period, there was an average increase in training load of approximately 122% compared with that during the previous 12 days. Scores on subscales of the Recovery Stress Questionnaire for Athletes increased for the somatic component of stress (Fatigue, Emotional Stress and Social Stress; P < 0.05) and decreased the factor indicating recovery (General Well Being; P < 0.05) after the heavy training period. The training programme increased resting concentrations of salivary cortisol (P < 0.05) and decreased the DHEA-S/C ratio (P < 0.05). The increase in training load of cyclists was correlated with this hormonal ratio (r = ?0.48, P < 0.05). Changes in resting cortisol concentration as a result of heavy training stress were positively related to the change in Physical Complaints (r = 0.69, P < 0.01). Negative relationships were also found between changes in the DHEA-S/C ratio and changes in the somatic component of stress. The present results suggest that there is a dose–response relationship between increased training load, resting DHEA-S/C ratio and subjective assessment of stress and recovery, implying that this ratio could be used as an indicator of training status in female athletes. 相似文献
13.
模拟低氧训练对女子赛艇运动员淋巴细胞亚群等指标变化的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
为探讨模拟低氧训练对运动员免疫机能变化的影响，对12名女子赛艇运动员高住高练低训（HiHiLo）和低住高练训练（LoHi）过程中CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD8^＋、NK细胞及NKT细胞的变化进行观察。结果表明：模拟低氧训练过程中，CD4^＋／CD8^＋比值、NK细胞的变化不产生显著性差异。训练至第4、5周，NKT细胞与训练前比较明显下降，且HiHiLo组比LoHi组变化更为显著。提示模拟低氧训练过程中不同训练时期对免疫指标产生的影响不同，主要表现为低氧训练后期部分免疫指标出现显著性差异。同时，不同的模拟低氧训练方式对人体免疫功能产生的影响也有差异，HiHiLo组比LoHi组免疫抑制现象更为明显。NKT细胞对低氧训练表现出较为明显的反应，可考虑作为首选指标监测机体的免疫状况。 相似文献
14.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(3):183-190
Abstract In this study, we investigated the effect of 1- and 3-week tapering periods on concentrations of plasma testosterone (T), cortisol (C), T/C ratio, mood state, and performance in elite male cyclists. After 8 weeks of progressive training, cyclists were randomly assigned to a control group (n=12) who continued performing intense training for a further 3 weeks, or a taper group (n=12) who continued with a 50% reduction in training volume. Blood testosterone and cortisol concentrations were assayed and the T/C ratio calculated from analysis obtained via standard ELISA. Mood state was determined using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. All data were collected immediately after a 40-km time-trial performed before, during, and after the 8-week training protocol and after the 1- and 3-week tapering/training periods. In the taper group, 40-km time-trial time decreased significantly (P<0.01) and equally for both the 1- and 3-week taper periods relative to the control group. There were significant elevations in T/C ratio (P<0.001) and reductions in cortisol concentrations and POMS scores in the taper group relative to the control groups at the end of both the 1- and 3-week tapering periods. Hence, taper periods are effective in improving performance and mood state and elevating the blood T/C ratio. 相似文献
15.
In this study, we examined possible hormonal and psychological changes in elite male rowers during a 24-week preparatory period. Eleven elite male rowers were tested on seven occasions over the 6-month training season. Fasting testosterone, growth hormone, cortisol, and creatine kinase activity, together with perceived recovery-stress state were evaluated after a day of rest. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was determined before and after the training period. Training was mainly organized as low-intensity prolonged training sessions. Significant increases in VO2max (from 6.2 +/- 0.5 to 6.4 +/- 0.6 l x min(-1)) were observed as a result of training. The overall perceived recovery-stress index did not change during the preparatory period. Standardized recovery and stress scores changed during the course of training in comparison with pre-training values. When basal hormone concentrations were compared with the first measurement, significant changes in testosterone and cortisol were observed together with changes in mean weekly training volume. Basal testosterone (r = 0.416; P = 0.010) and cortisol (r = 0.527; P = 0.001) were related to mean weekly training volume. Basal growth hormone did not change during the training. Changes in creatine kinase activity demonstrated similar pattern with changes in mean weekly training volume. The overall perceived recovery-stress index was related to testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, and creatine kinase activity (r > 0.299; P < 0.015). Our findings indicate that testosterone and cortisol are more sensitive to changes in training volume than either growth hormone or perceived recovery-stress state in elite rowing training. Increases in these stress hormone concentrations represent a positive adaptation to current training load. Significant relationships between hormonal and perceived recovery-stress state suggest that metabolic and psychological changes should be carefully monitored to avoid a negative effect on the training status of elite rowers. 相似文献
16.
Bishop NC Scanlon GA Walsh NP McCallum LJ Walker GJ 《Journal of sports sciences》2004,22(11-12):1091-1098
Ingesting carbohydrate beverages during prolonged exercise is associated with fewer numbers of circulating neutrophils and attenuated neutrophil functional responses, yet there is little information about the effect of fluid intake alone on immune responses to prolonged exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of regular fluid ingestion compared with no fluid ingestion on plasma cortisol, circulating neutrophil and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophil degranulation responses to prolonged cycling. In a randomized design, nine recreationally active males cycled for 2 h at 65% VO2max on two occasions with either fluid ingestion (lemon-flavoured water, fluid trial) before and during the exercise, or with no fluid intake at all (no fluid trial). Venous blood samples were obtained at rest, immediately after exercise and 1 h after exercise. Immediately after exercise, the plasma cortisol concentration was significantly higher in the no fluid trial than in the fluid trial (592 +/- 62 vs 670 +/- 63 nmol x l(-1), P < 0.05). Circulating numbers of neutrophils increased 4.5-fold (P < 0.01) and LPS-stimulated elastase release per neutrophil decreased 34 +/- 7% (P < 0.01) immediately after exercise; there were no differences between trials. These results suggest that in ambient environmental conditions, fluid ingestion alone has a negligible effect on circulating neutrophil and LPS-stimulated neutrophil degranulation responses to prolonged exercise. 相似文献
17.
中药多糖对耐力训练大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及活化T细胞数量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的探讨2种中药多糖对耐力训练大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和活化T细胞数量的作用,为改善耐力训练引起的细胞免疫功能低下寻找有效的干预措施。方法120只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为6组,即耐力训练+黄芪多糖组、耐力训练+牛膝多糖组、单纯耐力训练组、安静+黄芪多糖组、安静+牛膝多糖组、安静对照组。每个组中均分为4 w组(7只大鼠)和6 w组(13只大鼠)。大鼠进行6 w递增负荷游泳训练后,采用流式细胞术观察大鼠外周血T淋巴细胞亚群及活化T细胞数量。结果①6 w耐力训练后可造成大鼠T细胞亚群中CD4+细胞数量及CD4+/CD8+比值下降,黄芪多糖和牛膝多糖有防止训练大鼠上述免疫指标下降的作用。②6 w耐力训练后可造成大鼠外周血活化T细胞数量的下降,黄芪多糖和牛膝多糖有防止训练大鼠外周血活化T细胞数量下降的作用。结论2种中药多糖有预防耐力训练大鼠外周血CD4+细胞数量及CD4+/CD8+比值和活化T淋巴细胞数量下降的作用。 相似文献
18.
5周递增负荷训练对内分泌免疫机能影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
目的：探讨递增负荷训练对机体内分泌免疫机能的影响。方法：实验对象进行为期5周的递增负荷训练，于集合训练开始前一天和第2周、第3周、第4周及第5周训练结束末36h后上午7：30-8：00取安静时肘静脉血，测定训练前及每一负荷训练阶段后外周血液中内分泌激素指标和免疫指标的变化。结果：T第3周比训练前显著升高（P〈0．05），C第3、第5周比训练前显著升高（P〈0．05），T／C比值第4周比训练前显著下降（P〈0．05）。CD4第2周比训练前显著下降（P〈0．05），而第3周比训练前显著升高（P〈0．05）；CDB第4周比训练前、第2周、第3周显著下降（P〈0．05），CD4／CDB比值第3、第4周均比训练前、第2周显著升高（P〈0．05）。结论：训练负荷是影响机体内分泌免疫机能的一个重要因素，中等负荷训练促进机体内分泌免疫机能，大负荷训练会降低机体的内分泌免疫机能，但随着对递增负荷应激的适应，机体的内分泌免疫机能又会得到加强。 相似文献
19.
采用CiteSpace V可视化研究工具，以量化的方式梳理和总结国外军事体能训练领域的研究热点及演进脉络，以期为促进我国军事体能训练理论体系建设与发展。研究表明，从年发文量来看，军事体能训练研究在2011年和2015年发文量骤增。从地区来看，美国发文量最多，澳大利亚和英国的影响力最大；军事体能训练研究涉及体育学、医学等多个学科领域，呈现多学科交叉融合的特点；军事体能训练研究的热点人群包括新兵、男性和军人等，热点内容涉及训练伤及其预防和训练表现等；军事体能训练的演变过程可分为萌芽阶段、初步的训练优化阶段和深入的训练优化阶段，研究主题、研究手段和研究人群日益丰富。 相似文献
20.
采用CiteSpace V可视化研究工具,以量化的方式梳理和总结国外军事体能训练领域的研究热点及演进脉络,以期为促进我国军事体能训练理论体系建设与发展。研究表明,从年发文量来看,军事体能训练研究在2011年和2015年发文量骤增。从地区来看,美国发文量最多,澳大利亚和英国的影响力最大;军事体能训练研究涉及体育学、医学等多个学科领域,呈现多学科交叉融合的特点;军事体能训练研究的热点人群包括新兵、男性和军人等,热点内容涉及训练伤及其预防和训练表现等;军事体能训练的演变过程可分为萌芽阶段、初步的训练优化阶段和深入的训练优化阶段,研究主题、研究手段和研究人群日益丰富。 相似文献