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《Research Policy》2023,52(4):104715
The extent to which domestic industrial capabilities are essential in contributing to a Nations' prosperity and national well-being is the topic of long-standing debate. On the one hand, globalization and the outsourcing of production can lead to greater productivity, lower product costs, and gains from trade. On the other hand, national capabilities have long been a source of competitiveness and security during times of war and other crises. We explore the importance of domestic industrial capabilities during crises through a comparative case study of two countries - Spain and Portugal - to the sudden spike in demand for the manufacture of mechanical ventilators brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic. Both countries had to work within the framework of EU regulations, but had very different internal competencies upon which to draw in doing so. In addition, mechanical ventilators serve as a particularly interesting context for study because they involve high risk (loss of patients' lives if incorrectly manufactured) and entering the market presents high entry barriers (including significant tacit knowledge in its production and use, and significant intellectual property embedded in proprietary software at large, established firms). To unpack the processes used by each country we leverage insights from 60 semi-structured interviews across experts from industry, healthcare workers, regulators, non-profit organizations, and research centers. We find that Spanish regulatory measures were more effective, resulting in 12 times more new products receiving regulatory approval to enter the market. Although neither country is known for their mechanical ventilator production, instrumental in informing the Spanish regulatory and industrial responses was their internal knowledge base due to domestic experts and existing capabilities in ventilator production. We conclude by proposing new theory for how nations might identify important core competencies to enhance their dynamic (regulatory) capabilities in areas likely to be critical to their social welfare. 相似文献
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Improvising firms: bricolage, account giving and improvisational competencies in the founding process 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Improvisation occurs when the design and execution of novel activities converge. Drawing on three samples of young firms, this inductive study investigates the existence, channels and implications of strategic improvisation in knowledge-intensive new businesses. Our study suggests that not only may founding itself be improvisational in some cases, but improvisational processes and issues permeate entrepreneurial activity and have non-obvious implications for emergent firm strategies and competencies. We develop propositions in four domains: (1) the occurrence of strategic improvisation; (2) tactical improvisation rising to the level of strategy; (3) network bricolage; and (4) improvisational competencies. This study contributes to research on organizational improvisation, bricolage and entrepreneurship. Theoretically and in practice, both improvisation and bricolage represent potentially rich additions to the vocabulary of entrepreneurial action. 相似文献
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在探讨价值网络形成及运行机理的基础上,深入分析价值网络共生对企业绩效的影响机制,运用多元线性回归和Bootstrap方法对所构建的理论模型进行了实证研究。结果表明,价值网络共生对企业能力和企业绩效均具有显著的正向作用,进一步地,价值网络共生通过企业能力对企业绩效产生影响;网络位势不仅显著调节价值网络共生与企业能力、价值网络共生与企业绩效的直接效应,而且对企业能力在价值网络共生与企业绩效之间的中介效应具有显著调节作用。据此,结合当前产业发展背景,为促进我国企业高质量发展提出了对策建议。 相似文献
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在讨论养老社会保险制度的改革方向问题时，尽管直接比较不同养老计划的管理成本十分困难，但管理成本仍然是一个重要的考虑因素。依据利率期限结构原理，通过分析个人账户的成本成本到期结构，可以对个人账户的管理成本进行具体计算。以英国的数据为例，将管理成本进一步分解为积累率、转换率、年金率，最终计算出英国个人账户的管理费用率为0．44，这一结果大大超出人们通常的估计水平。本文为设计一个低成本的个人账户管理制度提供了可借鉴的思路，并主张中国“统账 结合”的养老社会保险制度中的个人账户应实行个人所有、适应集中的市场化经营管理模式。 相似文献
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Peerasit Patanakul Dragan Milosevic 《The Journal of High Technology Management Research》2008,18(2):118-131
To be effective in leading multiple simultaneous projects in high-velocity industries, this study proposes a list of competencies that multiple-project managers should possess organized as a competency model for effectiveness in managing multiple projects. Among other competencies, the competencies that are unique to multiple-project managers are organizational experience, interdependency management, multitasking, simultaneous team management, and management of interproject process. This finding helps raise awareness in the project management community regarding the differences between the competencies of single-project managers and those of multiple-project managers. Besides the list of competencies, this study extends its contribution by presenting propositions for future research. 相似文献
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资源定价改革是今后改革的重点突破领域。天然气作为一种重要的资源,其定价方式变革将推动中国天然气市场发展路径和走向,是整个天然气市场改革至关重要的一环。本文在经典的古诺模型基础上,通过变分不等式转换揭示了生产商、销售商与消费者这三个市场主体在天然气网络市场中的相互作用机制,并由此建立了天然气市场均衡模型;进而探讨了在成本异质性、多气源竞争以及政府限价三种不同情景下均衡价格与社会福利水平的变化;最后以上海市为例进行了实证分析。研究表明:①从社会福利最大化的角度看,中国天然气均衡价格受到上游竞争程度、管输成本、生产成本等因素的影响。推动上游企业降低成本并不能有利于全社会福利水平的改善,政府限价的长期均衡结果是导致需求的膨胀,进一步加剧了短缺;②定价方式的改革对于天然气均衡价格和均衡量影响程度不一。自由竞争的定价方式将驱离成本最高的气源。而中国当前采取的净回值定价改革发挥了需求函数的作用,有利于天然气产业链上下游的平稳发展;③天然气净回值法定价与市场自由竞争定价的效果相等,说明在目前天然气供需存在缺口、市场发育不完全的情况下,净回值法是一种有效的价格改革的过渡方式。过渡的条件是天然气管网的互联互通,形成区域节点价格。 相似文献
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Fluidity is the ability of a digital platform ecosystem to change form to align with changing consumer preferences and stay relevant in the marketplace. This study advances that three dimensions and their five sub-dimensions determine the fluidity of a digital platform ecosystem. They are the (1) functional dimension with its two subdimensions of platform openness and platform quality (i.e., user-friendliness and quality of service offerings); (2) the mechanical dimension which consists mainly of platform design; and (3) the humanistic dimension with the sub-dimensions of network effects and network interactivity. This study advances that firms can manage these dimensions to improve the fluidity of their platforms. Furthermore, we propose that improved fluidity enhances the customer experience and increases switching costs. 相似文献
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装备制造业是国民经济发展基础,采取切实举措促进装备制造业创新发展具有重要意义。近年来,随着"工业4.0"、《中国制造2025》以及"互联网+"等战略逐步深化,以"智能生产与服务网络(Intelligent Production and Service Network,IPSN)"为主要特征的产业创新体系日臻完善,中国装备制造业必将交融于全球一体化的产业网络体系之中并实现转型升级,否则或将面临优胜劣汰风险。在此背景下,研究认为新型产业创新平台是为一项产业创新发展的重要工具,其职能不仅包括管理和信息服务,更应涵盖个性化、模块集成和全程价值链供给战略。利用结构分析法以及功能/价值分析法得出,智能生产与服务网络条件下,平台基本构成包括决策体系、信息感知和传输体系、智能生产与服务组织体系、创新支撑体系。进一步研究发现,平台将由"镶嵌"于产业组织体系向"交融"于智能生产与服务网络体系变革,存在形式具有多样化特征。 相似文献
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Supply chain management (SCM) is concerned with a complex business relations network that contains interrelationships between various entities, such as suppliers, manufacturers, distribution centers and customers. SCM integrates these entities and manages their interrelationships through the use of information technology to meet customer expectations (i.e., higher product variety and quality, lower costs and faster responses) effectively along the entire value chain. Thus, one of the vital issues in supply chain management is the design of the value chain network. In this paper, a fuzzy linear programming model for the optimization of the multi-stage supply chain model with triangular and trapezoidal membership functions is presented. The model determines the fuzzy capacities of the facilities (plants or distribution centers (DCs)) and the design of the network configuration with a minimum total cost. The total cost involves the shipping cost from suppliers; transportation costs between plants and DCs; distribution costs between DCs and customer zones; and opportunity costs from not having the material at the right time. The developed model is solved by a professional software package (LINDO), and the computational results are discussed. 相似文献
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在传统教学到网络教学的变迁过程中,教师扮演的角色在不断转变,而该转变有着其自身规律和轨迹,对教学行为也产生了重要的影响。研究网络教学中教师角色变迁和其对教学行为转换产生的效应,对更好地实现构建教师角色和行为、提高网络教学质量并实现教学目标有着重大的现实意义。 相似文献
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周勤 《科技成果管理与研究》2008,(10):91-94
企业核心竞争力是企业获取永续竞争优势的动力和基础。中国企业要想在国际竞争中立于不败之地,最有效也是最关键的一点,即提升企业的核心竞争力。以科技创新为核心,以科学制度为动力,以争创品牌为手段,以企业文化为后盾,全面提升自己的核心竞争力,才能在日趋激烈的国际市场竞争中站稳脚跟。文章企业为对象探寻如何培育企业核心竞争力。 相似文献
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基于网络的入侵检测系统数据包采样策略研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
入侵检测是信息安全研究的重要组成部分，基于网络的入侵检测系统通过详细分析计算机网络中传输的网络数据包进行入侵检测。由于检测速率与数据包采集速率不匹配，以及检测所需成本的限制，在收集用于检测的网络数据包时，必须选择有效的采样策略。本文引入博弈模型框架上的原始入侵数据包采样策略，在此基础上再进行分析和扩展。本文针对单一采样策略的缺陷与不足，引入风险管理的思想来分析在决策者不同效用偏好情况下的采样策略选择问题，并且通过具体的实例，说明了基于风险差异的采样策略选择的有效性。 相似文献
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能源企业战略转型的演化过程如何？转型过程中人类活动和技术的交互怎样影响转型的结果？如何管理转型的过程？既往研究没有做出充分的解释和回答。本文从行动者网络理论（ANT：Actor-Network Theory）视角,采用纵向案例研究方法,解释能源企业战略转型的实施过程。研究结果表明,企业战略转型的过程即是关键行动者构建行动者联盟的过程,其中关键行动者的转译对转型的成功起着主导作用,技术作为非人类行动者在其中和人类行动者进行交互并促进（或抑制）行动者联盟的形成。本研究试图打开企业战略转型中各类行动者交互作用的黑箱,为传统能源企业实施战略转型提供理论依据。 相似文献
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政治密度、在职消费与制度环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取沪、深A股2005～2007年的数据为样本,结合不同所有权安排和在职消费支出构成,揭示了企业构建政企网络的寻租动机及对我国经济改革进程中制度化建设的迫切需求。研究发现,国有企业的政治关系网络给企业带来了更大的在职消费规模,非国有经济中的政治关系网络则显著抑制了企业的在职消费,加速法律、产权等正式制度的建设对于抑制企业的政治寻租倾向十分有效。研究结果表明,在我国法治水平较低和产权保护不强的制度背景下,抑制在职消费、减轻企业负担不仅仅要解决传统的代理关系问题,更重要的是要考虑制度缺失给企业带来的高昂交易成本。 相似文献
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企业家战略执行能力的内涵:来自中小民营企业家的证据 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
企业家战略执行能力是一个多维构念,它包括建立战略共识能力、推动战略协同能力和实施战略控制能力三个维度。实证结果表明,对于中小民营企业家来说,推动战略协同能力和实施战略控制能力之间的联系最密切,它们与建立战略共识能力的联系相对疏远;与战略执行能力联系最密切的是实施战略控制能力。因此,提升中小民营企业家战略执行能力的最有效途径是改善实施战略控制能力,其后依次为改善推动战略协同能力和改善建立战略共识能力。 相似文献
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Brokerage in SME networks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study focuses on SME networks of design and high-tech companies in Southeast Netherlands. By highlighting the personal networks of members across design and high-tech industries, the study attempts to identify the main brokers in this dynamic environment. In addition, we investigate whether specific characteristics are associated with these brokers. The main contribution of the paper lies in the fact that, in contrast to most other work, it is of a quantitative nature and focuses on brokers identified in an actual network. Studying the phenomenon of brokerage provides us with clear insights into the concept of brokerage regarding SME networks in different fields. In particular we highlight how third parties contribute to the transfer and development of knowledge. Empirical results show, among others, that the most influential brokers are found in the non-profit and science sector and have a long track record in their branch. 相似文献