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Artificial intelligence (AI) has been in existence for over six decades and has experienced AI winters and springs. The rise of super computing power and Big Data technologies appear to have empowered AI in recent years. The new generation of AI is rapidly expanding and has again become an attractive topic for research. This paper aims to identify the challenges associated with the use and impact of revitalised AI based systems for decision making and offer a set of research propositions for information systems (IS) researchers. The paper first provides a view of the history of AI through the relevant papers published in the International Journal of Information Management (IJIM). It then discusses AI for decision making in general and the specific issues regarding the interaction and integration of AI to support or replace human decision makers in particular. To advance research on the use of AI for decision making in the era of Big Data, the paper offers twelve research propositions for IS researchers in terms of conceptual and theoretical development, AI technology-human interaction, and AI implementation. 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104661
Using patent data for a panel sample of European companies between 1995 and 2016 we explore whether the inventive success in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is related to earlier firms’ innovation in the area of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and identify which company characteristics and external factors shape this performance. We show that AI innovation presents strong dynamic returns (learning effects) and benefits from complementaries with knowledge earlier developed in the area of network and communication technologies, high-speed computing and data analysis, and more recently cognition and imaging. AI patent productivity increases with the scale of firm innovation, and is lower for companies with narrow technological competences. There is evidence of knowledge spillovers from ICT innovators to AI innovators, but this effect is confined to the frontier firms of the new technological field. Our findings suggest that, with the take-off of the new technology, the technological lead of top AI innovators has increased due to the accumulation of internal competences and the expanding knowledge base. These trends help explain the concentration process of the world’s data market. 相似文献
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This paper is part of a series examining the fundamental nature of informatics: a term used as a convenient umbrella term to stand for the overlapping disciplinary areas of information systems, information management and information technology. The aim of the current paper is to consider some of the universal features of information technology. This is accomplished in terms of a conceptual framework established in previous work. We ground the discussion in a significant historical case: that of Hollerith's electric tabulating system which constituted one of the earliest examples of automatic data processing. Through examination of this case and the technologies used we establish an interpretation of the essence of information technology in terms of formative acts of data representation and processing. 相似文献
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随着互联网技术的迅猛发展,高性能计算的主要应用从传统的科学与工程计算为主逐步演变为以数据处理为核心,这给传统高性能计算机体系结构带来巨大挑战的同时,也使高通量计算应运而生。文章从应用特征出发阐述了高通量计算与传统高性能计算的差别,并探讨了高通量计算的基础理论、关键技术,以及中国科学院在高通量计算核心芯片及系统领域的研究成果;以期通过高通量计算机关键技术的研究与突破,为缓解我国核心芯片"卡脖子"的问题,以及为构建智能万物互联时代的新型高性能计算平台作出贡献。 相似文献
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Transformative artificially intelligent tools, such as ChatGPT, designed to generate sophisticated text indistinguishable from that produced by a human, are applicable across a wide range of contexts. The technology presents opportunities as well as, often ethical and legal, challenges, and has the potential for both positive and negative impacts for organisations, society, and individuals. Offering multi-disciplinary insight into some of these, this article brings together 43 contributions from experts in fields such as computer science, marketing, information systems, education, policy, hospitality and tourism, management, publishing, and nursing. The contributors acknowledge ChatGPT’s capabilities to enhance productivity and suggest that it is likely to offer significant gains in the banking, hospitality and tourism, and information technology industries, and enhance business activities, such as management and marketing. Nevertheless, they also consider its limitations, disruptions to practices, threats to privacy and security, and consequences of biases, misuse, and misinformation. However, opinion is split on whether ChatGPT’s use should be restricted or legislated. Drawing on these contributions, the article identifies questions requiring further research across three thematic areas: knowledge, transparency, and ethics; digital transformation of organisations and societies; and teaching, learning, and scholarly research. The avenues for further research include: identifying skills, resources, and capabilities needed to handle generative AI; examining biases of generative AI attributable to training datasets and processes; exploring business and societal contexts best suited for generative AI implementation; determining optimal combinations of human and generative AI for various tasks; identifying ways to assess accuracy of text produced by generative AI; and uncovering the ethical and legal issues in using generative AI across different contexts. 相似文献
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在过去的几十年间,天文科学数据量已经从GB量级进入到了TB量级。如今,正在从TB量级向PB量级迈进。天文学研究已经进入到了数据密集型时代。面对海量天文数据对存储、计算、带宽、软件甚至工作模式等方面的需求,天文学家连同信息技术领域、计算机科学领域的专家正努力使基于天文数据的知识发现过程变得更加容易。旨在实现科学数据互操作的虚拟天文台就是这方面的积极尝试,它将为数据密集型时代的天文学研究和教育科普提供一个信息化环境。天文信息学则从天文学一个分支学科的高度去考虑天文学的长远发展。文章论述了天文学研究在数据密集型时代所面临的需求,介绍了天文学家为应对数据密集型挑战正在研究开发的虚拟天文台技术,探讨天文信息学所包含的内容和发展天文信息学的必要性,展望了中科院统筹规划天文领域科研信息化工作,建设中国虚拟天文台的前景。 相似文献
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数字经济背景下,人工智能（AI）技术的应用正在深入地影响着企业管理变革、业务边界的扩展和管理模式的改变。结合互补资产的观点和组织学习理论,本文提出了一个基于AI应用能力和AI管理能力的分析框架,强调人工智能与人类智慧结合的必要性,阐述了两种能力的功能和作用及其协同对企业效率和创新成本的影响。本文提出,企业必须具备管理AI的能力才能有效应对大数据、数字技术、AI的不断革新及技术带来的组织内部结构和外部环境变化以及风险;企业AI应用与管理能力的有效结合,有利于控制AI应用带来的成本和风险,增强企业在人工人力、协调沟通、和数据搜寻方面的效率,同时降低AI应用带来的数字基建、道德情感、数据安全、组织结构变革方面的成本,进而促进企业的组织学习、对内外部数字技术使能资源的获取和管理以及互补资产的形成,对企业创新绩效发挥正向作用。最后,本文为企业的数字化创新战略提供了新的发展思路。 相似文献
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Pervasive digitization and aggregation of personal health information (PHI), along with artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced analytical techniques, hold promise of improved health and healthcare services. These advances also pose significant data governance challenges for ensuring value for individual, organizational, and societal stakeholders as well as individual privacy and autonomy. Through a case study of a controversial public-private partnership between Royal Free Trust, a National Health Service hospital system in the United Kingdom, and Alphabet’s AI venture DeepMind Health, we investigate how forms of data governance were adapted, as PHI data flowed into new use contexts, to address concerns of contextual integrity, which is violated when personal information collected in one use context moves to another use context with different norms of appropriateness. 相似文献
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高能物理一直是信息技术发展的主要推动者之一。现代高能物理产生的海量数据对计算机技术提出巨大的挑战。为了应对这些挑战,国内外高能物理领域的科学家根据数据处理的特点建立新的计算平台用于传输、储存及分析处理PB量级的数据。文章介绍了现代高能物理实验及数据处理的发展,并描述了高能物理的计算模型以及以网格技术为代表的数据密集型计算平台;详细介绍了数据密集型网格平台在LHC实验、BESIII实验中的应用以及中国的数据密集型网格平台。并对云计算等新技术在高能物理领域的应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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文章介绍了地理信息和第四代移动通信网络的相关特性,并归纳总结了地理信息在3G网络下近年的发展。在此基础上,结合大数据,物联网和云计算等热门技术,对地理信息在4G网络下发展应用的新特点进行了展望。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(7):104555
This paper analyses the link between the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and innovation performance in firms. Based on firm-level data from the German part of the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) 2018, we examine the role of different AI methods and application areas in innovation. The results show that 5.8% of firms in Germany were actively using AI in their business operations or products and services in 2019. We find that the use of AI is associated with annual sales with world-first product innovations in these firms of about €16 billion (i.e. 18% of total annual sales of world-first innovations). In addition, AI technologies have been used in process innovation that contributed to about 6% of total annual cost savings of the German business sector. Firms that apply AI broadly (using different methods for different applications areas) and that have already several years of experience in using AI obtain significantly higher innovation results. These positive findings on the role of AI for innovation have to be interpreted with caution as they refer to a specific country (Germany) in a situation where AI started to diffuse rapidly. 相似文献
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Edward J. O'Boyle 《Ethics and Information Technology》2002,4(4):267-277
Our comments focus on the ACMCode of Ethics and situate the Code within ageneral ethical decision-making process tospecify the five steps which logically precedehuman action in ethical matters and determinethat action, and the individual differencetraits in these five steps which bear upon theresolution of an ethical problem and lead tomorally responsible action. Our main purpose isto present a cognitive moral processing modelwhich computing professionals can use to betterunderstand their professional rights andduties. It is clear that the Code providessubstantial guidance in the areas ofintellectual property rights, unauthorizedentry into computing systems, and privacy. Inother areas, such as obscenity onbulletin-board systems, the Code is silent. Aninteractive software program which allows theuser to see the ways in which the Code isintegrated and instructive in the six-stepmoral decision-making process is accessible viathe internet. Our secondary purpose is toreformulate the Code as a set of questionswhich allow the computing professional to seepractices which diminish the human person asunethical and those which enhance the humanperson as ethical. 相似文献
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不同于以往运用CITESPACE软件主要依据被引频次、中介性、突现性等指标识别互联网+、智能制造等前沿技术领域和核心技术领域,从投入产出分析的视角,以专利为研究对象,即引用其他专利是投入或消耗,而发表的专利是产出,运用投入产出方法分析新能源的前沿技术领域和核心技术领域,最后通过敏感性分析得到新能源各个领域对整体新能源领域的影响程度。文章的专利数据来源于德温特专利数据库(Derwent Innovation Index,DII),利用Python编程语言提取出专利的PN字段和CP字段信息,并在SQL数据库进行匹配,从而得到一种能源领域引用另外一种能源领域的专利数量。在此基础上构建专利引用矩阵,通过技术感应力系数的测算得出海洋能是新能源开发和研究的前沿技术领域,影响力系数的测算得出太阳能技术领域属于新能源技术领域的核心技术领域且太阳能技术领域专利数量变化对整个新能源领域专利变化影响程度最大。 相似文献
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银行等金融机构的批处理规模越来越大,对IT中心的资源配置要求也越来越高。为提高IT中心的资源使用效率和配置灵活程度,优化业务流程和加速IT新技术应用,可通过重新梳理批处理业务流程,根据资源需求类型分解为流程任务的方式,将批处理流程队列按照任务特征分解为任务队列,配置合适的任务队列处理资源,在批处理过程中动态监控和调度资源;另一方面,以基础架构资源虚拟化为核心的云计算技术逐步成熟,使IT 中心的资源虚拟化、配置管理的精细化成为可能。介绍了一种针对银行批处理业务流程优化、以虚拟化资源配置来实现批处理的技术框架,实现批处理流程任务队列的并行计算和动态资源配置。通过Ctrix服务器资源虚拟化技术进行初步模拟验证,实验结果表明,该技术框架在批处理执行效率、资源使用和配置灵活性方面的优势,在具有大量批处理业务和集约化处理的领域（金融、证券、电子商务）,具有一定的应用和研究价值。 相似文献
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《国际创新研究学报(英文)》2020,4(4):134-147
Reflecting on twenty years of educational research, we retrieved over 400 research article on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning (DL) techniques in teaching and learning. A computerised content analysis was conducted to examine how AI and DL research themes have evolved in major educational journals. By doing so, we seek to uncover the prominent keywords associated with AI-enabled pedagogical adaptation research in each decade, due to the discipline’s dynamism. By examining the major research themes and historical trends from 2000 to 2019, we demonstrate that, as advanced technologies in education evolve over time, some areas of research topics seem have stood the test of time, while some others have experienced peaks and valleys. More importantly, our analysis highlights the paradigm shifts and emergent trends that are gaining prominence in the field of educational research. For instance, the results suggest the decline in conventional tech-enabled instructional design research and the flourishing of student profiling models and learning analytics. Furthermore, this paper serves to raise awareness on the opportunities and challenges behind AI and DL for pedagogical adaptation and initiate a dialogue. 相似文献