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1.
华北克拉通东北缘龙岗第四纪玄武岩的地球化学研究为大陆碱性玄武岩的成因以及源区的性质提供了重要的依据.龙岗第四纪玄武岩为碱性玄武岩,具有类似OIB的REE和微量元素分配特征.岩石的Sr-Nd同位素轻度亏损（87Sr/86Sr =0.7044～0.7048,εNd=0.6～2.1）,具有Dupal异常的高放射性成因Pb同位素组成（^206 Pb/^204 Pb=17.734～18.194,^207 Pb/^204 Pb=15.553～15.594,^208 Pb/%204 Pb=38.322～38.707）.这种地球化学特征指示了原始岩浆起源于＜70km深度的地幔,并经历了一定程度的橄榄岩、单斜辉石和钛.铁氧化物的结晶分异.岩浆源区中以来类似MORB软流圈物质的熔体为主,另外有少量来自EM Ⅰ性质的富集岩石圈地幔以及俯冲流体/熔体的物质贡献,显示了深部岩石圈-软流圈一定程度的相互作用以及太平洋板块俯冲的影响.岩浆源区多种端元组分的存在表明该地区岩石圈的减薄/置换受到多种因素的影响. 相似文献
2.
通过对大兴安岭北部鹿角河一带龙江组火山岩岩石组合、岩石地球化学特征、年代学的分析与研究,认为龙江组火山岩形成时代为早白垩世(135±2Ma),为一套中性-中酸性、中钾-高钾质亚碱性火山岩系列岩石,岩浆可能来自上地幔,并受地壳物质混染,形成于岩石圈伸展减薄背景下。 相似文献
3.
安徽沿江地区地处长江深大断裂带的中部,构造上隶属由华北板块与扬子板块在T2-J2发生陆-陆碰撞形成的大别造山带的前陆带.在J3-K1时期,区内发生了岩石圈伸展减薄背景下的碰撞后到岩石圈拆沉背景下的造山后岩浆活动和相应的壳幔相互作用.形成了广泛分布的碰撞后到造山后火山.侵入杂岩组合.碰撞后岩浆活动大致发生在125～145Ma,铜陵地区辉长岩包体和大量堆积岩的形成标志着这一时期的开始,而富碱岩浆岩的形成标志着这一时期的结束.在这一时期形成的岩石中,繁昌盆地中的中分村组和赤砂组火山岩以及南部侵入岩属于碰撞后岩浆岩组合中的过铝质的长英质岩套;由中部铜陵地区的中酸性侵入岩和北外带侵入岩等构成的中钾-高钾钙碱性岩系和由铜陵地区的中基性侵入岩、庐枞盆地龙门院组和砖桥组火山岩、宁芜盆地龙王山组和大王山组火山岩以及沿长江两岸呈NE方向分布的富碱岩浆岩构成的橄榄安粗岩系属于碰撞后岩浆岩组合中的准铝质的镁铁质-长英质火成岩岩套.造山后岩浆作用大致发生在105～125Ma.宁芜地区辉长岩的侵入标志着这一时期的开始,而宁芜和庐枞地区过碱性岩的形成标志着这一时期的结束.在这一时期形成的岩石中,由繁昌盆地蝌蚪山组火山岩和庐枞盆地双庙组火山岩以及宁芜盆地辉长岩侵入体组成的碱性岩系和由庐枞盆地浮山组火山岩和宁芜盆地娘娘山组火山岩组成的过碱性岩系属于造山后碱性-过碱性火成岩岩套.与碰撞后到造山后岩浆活动相对应,在安徽沿江地区中生代发生了两期壳幔相互作用.其中早期壳幔相互作用表现为起源于岩石圈地幔上部圈层的底侵玄武岩浆与中下地壳间强烈的相互作用,而晚期壳幔相互作用表现为起源于岩石圈地幔下部圈层的玄武岩浆与中下地壳间微弱的相互作用. 相似文献
4.
正长岩-辉长岩组合的形成通常与板内伸展构造有关,它们可由同源岩浆演化形成,也可以由两种独立起源的岩浆结晶形成.本文选择赣南晚中生代早期黄埠正长岩和车步辉长岩进行了详细的年代学和岩石地球化学研究,旨在探讨它们的起源及其与岩石圈地幔演化的关系.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果表明：黄埠正长岩和车步辉长岩形成于≈178Ma,为同时期岩浆作用的产物.主量元素、微量元素和Nd同位素地球化学特征表明它们并非由同源岩浆演化形成.初步研究表明,黄埠正长岩和车步辉长岩可能都起源于受软流圈来源熔体交代富集的岩石圈地幔,熔融发生在上地幔尖晶石-石榴石相转换带深度,且岩浆在结晶演化过程中发生了较低程度的地壳混染作用.与车步辉长岩相比,黄埠正长岩有高的不相容元素含量、Ce/Yb、La/Yb、Sm/Yb比值和高的εNd（t）值,表明黄埠正长岩的岩浆起源相对更深,且其岩石圈地幔源区经历了更高程度的交代作用.因此,赣南正长岩-辉长岩是板内伸展构造背景下,不同程度软流圈-岩石圈相互作用的反映. 相似文献
5.
穆棱古近纪（第三纪）碱性玄武岩位于郯庐断裂东北段分支敦化～密山深大断裂带的中北部,与吉林敦化、汪清,黑龙江镜泊湖、牡丹江等新生代火山岩一起分布于兴蒙造山带和太平洋板块俯冲带结合带上;本文利用电子探针、激光剥蚀等离子质谱技术（LA-ICP-MS）及多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（MC-ICP-MS）分析了来自玄武岩风化冲积物中锆石巨晶的主、微量元素及其Hf同位素组成.这些锆石巨晶具有明显的熔蚀结构,锆石电子探针分析其Zr/Hf比最高可达217,平均150,是目前东部新生代玄武岩锆石巨晶的最高值.它们具有相似的微量元素特征,具有明显的Ce正异常,富集重稀土和HFSE元素,锆石Hf/Y比值大多小于10,Th/U均小于1（一个数据例外）,Yb/Sm为21～59.与岩浆锆石和变质锆石相比,显示过渡的特征;锆石^176Hf/^177Hf变化为0.283105～0.283151,εHf变化在＋11.8～＋13.4之间,显示亏损地幔来源,反映锆石形成时岩石圈地幔主体具有＂新生＂的特征,表明岩石圈减薄或置换事件在东北地区东北部穆棱地区也同样存在.穆棱新生代碱性玄武岩有关锆石巨晶的成因特征与中国东部海南文昌、福建明溪及山东昌乐等地新生代玄武岩的锆石巨晶相同,可能与有下地壳物质参与的近期岩石圈地幔的交代作用有关. 相似文献
6.
北山柳园地区分布大量的花岗岩类岩石,岩石类型有花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩、钾长花岗岩和斑状花岗岩.锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年分析结果为花岗闪长岩的侵位年代为423±8 Ma辉铜山以东(HT-)钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩的侵位分别为436±9 Ma和397±7 Ma.该区花岗质岩石都具有大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素相对富集,K、Ni、Ta、P和Ti负异常的特征,属于准铝质到过铝质的高K花岗岩.花岗闪长岩无Sr和Eu负异常的特征,εNd(t)=-2.5～-0.8,其岩浆源于岩石圈地幔或是软流圈与岩石圈地幔相混合的岩浆熔融,并受到了含有火山弧组分的年轻地壳的混染.钾长花岗岩和二长花岗岩具有Sr和Eu负异常的特征,εNd(t)值分别为+1.4、-4.0～-2.0和-2.7～-0.3.HT-钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于由于岩石圈地幔岩浆作用而导致上覆年轻地壳物质的部分熔融;花牛山附近(HN-)钾长花岗岩岩浆主要源于软流圈地幔部分熔融,可能受到了部分年轻地壳物质的混染;二长花岗岩岩浆主要源于年轻地壳的部分熔融.柳园地区4类花岗岩类岩石都是后碰撞构造背景下的岩浆产物,岩浆形成可能与俯冲板片断离有关. 相似文献
7.
滇西高黎贡带基性岩脉形成于40～42Ma,以高FeO、TiO2,低K2O含量为特征.虽然多数样品经历了不同程度的地壳混染,少量样品的Nb/La大于1,La/Yb比值较小和Mg#值较高,显示了似洋岛玄武岩（OIB）的地球化学特征,从而为研究区提供了软流圈上涌的岩石学证据.模拟计算进一步暗示高黎贡基性岩脉的源区在尖晶石相橄榄岩中（＜70km）,说明软流圈地幔上涌到很浅的部位,这与目前青藏高原巨厚的岩石圈（＞150km）形成鲜明对比.因此,～40Ma高黎贡基性岩浆活动记录了研究区陆一陆碰撞后特殊的构造演化阶段.高黎贡带基性岩脉与达孜-甲马基性次火山岩在形成时间和地球化学性质上一致,两者均代表了碰撞后消减特提斯洋片与印度板块断离过程中软流圈上涌熔融的产物. 相似文献
8.
板块构造理论的一个基本假设是相对刚性的岩石圈板块漂浮在相对软弱的软流圈之上作欧拉运动.岩石圈与软流圈间存在边界面称为岩石圈-软流圈边界(LAB).提出一种半解析方法来确定大陆LAB:定义其为有效黏度取极小值所在的深度.该方法得到的LAB,综合考虑了大陆岩石圈地幔介质的热学和流变学性质,故称其为热-流变底部边界.对3个著名克拉通(Kaapvaal,Fennoscandia和Slave)的研究表明:3个克拉通的热-流变底部边界在~250km,与大地电磁测深等其他地球物理方法得到的结果一致.因为热-流变底部边界是从力学的角度来定义的,且提供了岩石圈板块浮于软流圈上运动的极大可能性,因而与板块构造理论的定义更为接近.在该边界及附近,主导的流变机制是湿橄榄石的扩散蠕变,有效黏度极小,差应力小,应变率相对较大. 相似文献
9.
在塔里木东北部，甘肃省西部敦煌市柳园镇南侧，有一条近东西向展布的粗面玄武岩带，长度约150kin，宽度达10km，厚度为1900m。这条粗面石玄武岩带属下二叠统哲斯群，岩浆喷发方式以裂隙式溢流为主，枕状构造特别发育。在玄武岩层间夹有很薄的酸性凝灰岩和沉凝灰岩层，属典型的双峰式火山岩组合。按照岩石化学组成的TAS分类命名，主要岩石类型为玄武岩、夏威夷岩和橄榄粗安岩。主要造岩矿物为钠长石（Ab91～100）和普通辉石。普通辉石斑晶、钠长石斑晶和部分基质中的钠长石具有中空结构，并被层状硅酸盐微晶充填。这些岩石基本属碱性玄武岩系列和过渡型系列，大部分属演化的岩浆。演化程度较低的样品具有轻稀土元素亏损型配分曲线，微量元素地球化学具有MORB亲和性，εNd（t）-＋10．14～10．89。玄武质岩浆与陆壳物质之间有较轻的同化混染作用。普通辉石、铁钛氧化物的分离结晶作用是岩浆演化的主要机制。玄武质岩浆源区属于软流圈地幔．部分熔融发生于尖晶石稳定域．是软流圈地幔减压（上涌）熔融的产物。 相似文献
10.
藏北羌塘火车头山新生代火山岩可区分为钙碱性及碱性两个不同的系列.钙碱性火山岩主要岩石组合为玄武岩-安山岩-英安岩,其SiO2介于49%～70%之间,Al2O3＞10%,Na2O/K2O＞1;其中玄武岩具平坦型稀土配分型式,LREE/HREE为1.3～1.8,（La/Yb）N为2.87～4.45,无明显铕异常,δEu为0.96～1.09;该套岩石的Mg#与SiO2相关关系以及La/Sm-La等亲岩浆元素与超亲岩浆元素协变关系表明,它们应为幔源岩浆经分离结晶演化的产物,其岩石组合类型以及低的Sm/Yb值（Sm/Yb=1.53～5.35）表明它们的原始岩浆应来源于岩石圈地幔尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的局部熔融.本区碱性火山岩为一套典型的钾质岩石系列,主要岩石组合类型为碱玄岩-碱玄质响岩-响岩,其SiO2介于44%～59%之间,Al2O3＞14%,Na2O/K2O介于0.47～1.51之间;岩石轻稀土强烈富集,LREE/HREE为13.20～15.76,（La/Yb）N=50.44～91.99;其岩石组合类型以及Mg^#与SiO2相关关系以及La/Sm-La协变关系同样表明它们为共源岩浆分离结晶演化的产物;然而,其较高的Sm/Yb值（Sm/Yb=2.63～13.98）表明它们并非地幔橄榄岩直接局部熔融的产物,岩石弱的负Eu异常（δEu=0.77～0.85）以及Th、U的强烈富集和Nb、Ta的相对亏损,又反映了原始岩浆中有显著的地壳物质的贡献;该套钾质碱性系列岩石在La/Co-Th/Co同分母协变图上呈直线型分布,而在La/Co-Sc/Th异分母协变图上呈显著的双曲线分布,从而表明其源区为二源混合型,是青藏高原特殊的壳幔混合层局部熔融的产物,这些特征是新生代青藏高原壳幔层圈物质交换的重要岩石学证据. 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
13.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献
19.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
20.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献