共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
本文借鉴库恩科学范式的思想,界定了产业技术范式内涵,刻画了产业技术范式变革过程中技术标准的作用机理。运用专利计量方法定量化描述了传统汽车技术体系形成到新能源汽车技术范式变革的过程,研究表明,传统汽车技术已经经历了完整的范式周期,新能源汽车处于范式发展期且新的技术体系正在形成,进而展示了汽车产业技术变革期技术标准从技术规范到与知识产权相结合的标准体系的演进路径,揭示了技术标准在汽车产业范式演进过程中的规范、桥梁和转化作用,以期为我国新能源汽车产业尽快形成有竞争力的技术标准体系提供理论参考。 相似文献
2.
大数据时代,人们正在以“分析全样本、接收非精确、发现相关性”的新思维探索世界。相应的技术手段日渐成熟,包含大数据处理系统、新型知识服务模式、智能决策支持的大数据科研服务平台有望成为科研新工具。新技术结合新理念,大数据正在加速科学发现、凝聚科学共同体、改变知识生产模式,数据密集型科学有可能成为科研“第四范式”。为了获取新一轮科技竞争优势、提高社会生产力,大数据将在科技政策中占有重要地位,不过,也要防范大数据的负面影响。 相似文献
3.
This paper presents an analytical framework for assessing the emergence of a new policy paradigm labelled “transformative innovation policy”, which can be seen as layered upon, but not fully replacing, earlier policy paradigms of science and technology policy and innovation systems policy. The paper establishes conceptual diversity in this emerging policy paradigm. Despite a common agenda for transformative change, there are notable differences concerning the understanding of the innovation process. Two global initiatives to promote such new innovation policies, Mission Innovation and the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, are used to illustrate how different articulations of transformative innovation policy are expressed in practice. These may be seen as a positive expression of the breadth of the emerging policy paradigm. While there are grounds for such a positive reading, this paper ends with a caution by stressing the political nature of paradigm change and the strong legacy of an economic, firm-centred and technology-oriented tradition in innovation policy. It makes a plea for more emphasis on a broader conceptualization of transformative innovation, and suggests that a socio-technical understanding of innovation provides several appropriate analytical concepts that can help to shape our thinking and understanding of transformative innovation policy. 相似文献
4.
基于创新过程技术间断性,把技术创新失败分为工艺创新问题、结构创新问题和核心技术创新问题,利用来自国内362个企业的样本分析工艺创新间断、结构创新间断和核心技术创新间断对创新失败的影响。结果表明,工艺创新间断、结构创新间断和核心技术创新间断对创新失败有显著影响,它们是造成技术创新失败的主要因素;在影响程度上,三类技术间断对创新失败的影响存在差异。 相似文献
5.
Abstract Like other technical changes, the new information technologies have inspired hopes and fears. The optimists celebrate the “technologies of freedom” and their potential for growth and autonomy, the enhancement of skills and culture, the elimination of unpleasant and boring tasks (Pool 1984). On the other hand, the pessimists fear dehumanized work, growing unemployment, and bureaucracy, with unavoidable threats to privacy (Mosco 1987; Robins and Webster 1983). In the communication and development debate, similar polarized attitudes are to be found. The technological optimists of the so‐called “modernization paradigm” claim that the transfer of information technologies to the developing world will spectacularly enhance the process of development. Commentators arguing from within this paradigm point out that the transfer of appropriate information technology can contribute to the creation of new social structures that will adequately respond to the needs of the developing world. At the other extreme, however, we have the technological pessimists, “the Luddites of the Information Revolution” (Tehranian 1985, 21). Proponents of this perspective perceive the transfer of information technology as necessarily reinforcing existing structures and thus exacerbating politico‐economic dependency and the loss of cultural identity. In our opinion, both positions possess partial truths. However, both are based on inadequate theoretical foundations—erroneous conceptions of the nature of technology and its relationship vis‐à‐vis society, and a misunderstanding of the concept of development. Consequently, the policy implications of each approach are less than helpful. Building on what we consider to be a more apt conceptual framework, the central argument of this paper is that the transfer of information technology can play a role, albeit limited, in the development process. 相似文献
6.
Alexander Peine 《Research Policy》2008,37(3):508-529
This paper explores the concept of technological paradigms in the context of complex technical systems. It presents a review of Thomas Kuhn's notion of scientific paradigms and their early adoption as technological paradigms. This review reveals that an important feature of scientific paradigms has not been fully utilized in the analysis of technological change—the distinction between a paradigm as an exemplar and as a shared group commitment. Using the case of Smart Homes, I advocate that this distinction is critical in understanding the dynamics of open technical systems where multiple industries jointly shape innovation. I discuss the implications with regard to both the concept of technological paradigms and innovation of complex technical systems. 相似文献
7.
面对具有非线性、高不确定性等特点的技术范式转换现象的频繁出现,目前基于线性思维的技术预见方法已无法满足现实需要。对此,本文旨在探讨一种科学有效、具有可操作性的技术范式转换预见方法。阐述技术范式转换的特征及内在动因,通过理解技术范式转换的一般过程,建立技术范式转换理论模型,基于社会网络思维结合专利引文网络构建了技术范式转换预见方法体系,并以液晶材料技术的发展为例进行实证分析。研究结果不仅丰富了技术范式转换的理论研究,也为企业提供战略决策以及行业技术研究方向。 相似文献
8.
制度创新与科技创新之间正向交互促进的变迁历史，证明长期系统的科技立法变革能引领、建构、保障和跟进科技创新范式的进化并形成生态系统性创新范式。我国因促进科技创新范式进化的立法史短而法律量少且有空白，所建构的科技创新主体缺乏多元共生性、创新系统自组织演化动力不足、创新环境开放协调度不高，迫切需要尽快推动科技立法的变革，加大科技立法资源投入，通过法律促进创新主体的多样共生化和科技创新的市场化，明确政府配置科技创新资源的具体职能并提升科技创新环境的开放协同度，促进我国科技创新范式向生态系统性创新范式的进化，为实现科技自立自强奠定制度基础。 相似文献
9.
新兴技术治理:责任式创新视角的系统性评述 《科学学研究》2021,39(12):2113-2120
纳米科技、基因工程、人工智能等争议性新兴技术的涌现,引发研究与实践关于新兴技术治理的讨论。责任式创新作为科技创新新视角,为新兴技术负外部性与风险性所引发治理挑战提供理论范式基础。研究聚焦新兴技术治理,基于责任式创新视角展开系统性评述,为新兴技术治理的系统化理论研究与政策实践输出启示。研究显示：已有新兴技术的治理研究主要形成了过程视角、行动视角、以及治理体系的结构视角三大研究基础;而以责任式创新范式为基础,新兴技术治理则涌现目标设定视角、行动主体参与视角、价值准则协调视角、过程响应视角、以及制度建构视角的五大研究分支的讨论。 相似文献
10.
后发企业高效追赶模式的内在机理及技术创新能力如何演化已经成为学术研究中亟待解决的问题。本文采用纵向探索性案例研究方法，对华为公司1987-2018年的技术发展历程展开研究，试图从“创新战略--创新范式--技术创新能力”整合性研究视角探讨后发企业实现高效追赶的微观机制，刻画其技术创新能力演化轨迹。通过研究本文发现：第一，后发企业技术创新能力提升路径是从模仿创新能力到初级二次创新能力到成熟二次创新能力再到集成创新能力，最终走向原始创新能力的过程，技术创新能力可以从技术距离、技术效率、技术储备三个更加聚焦技术层面的维度进行测度；第二，与后发企业技术创新能力相匹配的创新战略经历了“市场利用性--市场利用和技术利用—高市场探索性、低技术利用性—高市场探索性、高技术利用性—市场探索和技术探索”的演化过程，创新范式经历了 “技术驱动—技术追赶—技术与市场并驱—市场拉动—市场超越”的演化过程；第三，探索性尝试从知识生态的视角挖掘后发企业技术创新能力提升过程中的内在机制，即知识循环机制、知识演化机制、耗散结构平衡机制。 相似文献
11.
《Research Policy》2023,52(2):104677
There is empirical evidence of how challengers in an industry can take advantage of technological discontinuities that open “technological windows” of opportunity, which allow them to reduce their market share gap with market leaders, a phenomenon known as “catching-up.” However, this literature has examined leader–challenger catching-up processes within a particular industry as a whole, without considering the different product categories that can usually be identified within that industry. In fact, firms may have different market shares depending on the category under consideration, and technological discontinuities can be product category related. We extend the literature on windows of opportunity and changes in market leadership by showing that the chance a challenger has to reduce the market share gap with the market leader in a product category during a technological window depends on (a) whether the market leader in the focal product category is also the market leader in other product categories, (b) the share of a challenger's business in the focal product category relative to its overall business in the industry, and (c) the relative size of the product category with respect to the other product categories in the industry. We contend that such across-category factors influence the leaders and challengers' propensity to exploit opportunities resulting from technological discontinuities in a product category. We test a set of hypotheses using data on 31 mobile phone makers competing in India from 2003 to 2020 in the feature phone and smartphone product categories. 相似文献
12.
基于专利技术共现网络的共性技术识别 ——以家电行业为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的/意义]识别产业共性技术对实现科技资源高效分配与共享,以及影响国家产业发展路径的选择具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。[方法/过程]基于专利技术共现网络,结合社会网络分析中的K-核分析、中心性分析等相关理论和方法,探索产业共性技术的识别方法,并以家电产业为例进行实证研究,得出以海尔、美的、格力三家家电领跑企业所代表的家电产业的共性技术以及共性技术的演化趋势。[结果/结论]家电产业的共性技术集中在“空气调节、空气增湿、通风”“制冷设备、加热和制冷联合系统、热泵系统”“冷柜、冷藏室、冰箱”这三类中,“气温、外气、湿度等与空气特性相关的控制输入”可能是家电产业新兴共性技术的研究方向。 相似文献
13.
技术间断、技术创新陷阱与战略技术创新 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
本文论述了技术间断的本质和战略影响 ,指出了技术创新陷阱的本质和企业陷入技术创新陷阱的原因 ,最后分析了战略技术创新的内涵和动作模式。技术间断是技术范式的转变 ,在其中隐藏着两种技术创新陷阱 ,在技术创新陷阱中 ,企业越创新越死亡 ,只有实施战略技术创新 ,企业才能跨越技术间断 ,避开技术创新陷阱 相似文献
14.
当今知识管理研究领域存在着信息技术和组织管理的范式.这种二元对立的范式不利于研究者的交流与沟通,阻碍了知识管理研究的进一步深入发展,应当加以整合.在全面论述知识管理复杂性的基础上,引入复杂科学管理理论,提出整合知识管理研究范式的思路与设想.新范式将知识管理看作一个复杂自适应系统,以复杂科学管理的基本理论为支撑,整合人、组织、管理和技术四大要素,运用综合集成的方法,为知识管理的研究构建统一的规范和科学交流平台,从而有效解决了二元范式对立所带来的障碍,推动知识管理研究的深入发展. 相似文献
15.
Economists and management “scientists” tend to adopt a rationalistic, “black box” approach to the treatment of technological innovation, with decisions to invest in innovation being viewed as climactic acts and with the significant impact of risk and uncertainty often being disregarded. This paper examines an alternative analytical perspective: that a least the early development of technological innovation is a process of incremental decision making where managerial responses are affected by the consequences of previous decisions and by alterations in external information. The development of the “poromeric” Porvair discussed here illustrates the considerable risks that have to be borne when undertaking radical innovation, and the nature of the uncertainties, the interdependency between them and the manner in which they persist, in this case even beyond the commercialization of the new product. 相似文献
16.
近现代以来,意大利—英国—法国—德国—美国相继成为世界科学中心。经济繁荣、思想解放、教育兴盛、政府有力支持等社会因素以及科学成果涌现时机因素共同导致了世界科学中心的形成、演进与更替,五要素钻石模型可给予有效分析。科学与技术关系日益紧密,未来世界科技中心将不只一个,而是呈现出多中心并进、加速向亚太地区转移的趋势,并具有网络化、全球化等新特点。新一轮科技革命与产业变革加速演进,全球科技创新进入前所未有的密集活跃期,为我国成为世界科技中心提供了难得的"机会窗口",当务之急是解放思想,完善人才政策,营造创新友好的环境,加快世界教育中心建设,加大政府支持力度,破解发展面临的难题,抢占前沿研究与颠覆性技术创新的先机,实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦,为世界和平发展和永续繁荣作出更大贡献。 相似文献
17.
全球科技发展态势研判是对未来一段时期科学技术、国际竞争、产业形态和社会关系的趋势判断和分析,对做好科技战略制定和规划具有重要意义。本文以2035年为展望,对全球科技发展、创新范式、基础科学、研发组织、社会影响进行态势分析,认为未来科技创新将对人类经济社会发展产生决定性影响,新技术、新组织、新产业、新业态将不断涌现,新型研发组织发生进阶化演变,技术应用将重塑经济社会和产业结构。中国作为科技创新领域进展最快的国家之一,面临着中美科技局部脱钩、国际技术出口管制、新兴技术应用受限、科研伦理不确定性增多等潜在风险。对此,提出应加强对战略前沿技术的前瞻性预测,加强国家科技合作,构建国家战略科技力量,构建核心技术攻关新型举国体制,加快政府管理职能转变等五方面措施。 相似文献
18.
《International Journal of Information Management》2017,37(6):566-575
Historically, organizations owned and controlled the information technologies (IT) their employees used: telephone, inter-office memos, mainframes and timesharing systems. Today, employees often want to use their own IT: not only personal smart phones and tablets, but also Twitter and Google Docs. This new trend can diversify and extend enterprise IT infrastructure, but leaves organizations struggling with technology uses that they cannot control. With the emergence of new technological paradigms in consumer markets and organizations, the management of IT infrastructure requires a more pragmatic and holistic approach that goes beyond simple technological considerations. In this paper, we present a three-part framework—technology, people and practice—that helps managers understand and mitigate these tensions. Drawing on two empirical studies of European executives and consultants form multiple management consulting firms, the paper further outlines changes taking place along the three aspects of the framework. It concludes by discussing three distinct approaches to the management of organizational IT infrastructure (passive, reactive, and pragmatic), and by offering greater insight regarding a pragmatic approach. 相似文献
19.
科技创新对于现代社会发展的重要性是不言而喻的，但科技创新过程中所带来的一系列风险及其危害性不容忽视，刑法规制作为一种惯常的风险治理工具也日益受到关注和重视。对我国刑法进行近距离观测，可以发现，限于“成文法立法的局限”与“罪刑法定原则的制约”，我国刑法在规制科技创新风险方面力有不逮。目前所具有的规制理念，注重科技创新优先意味着排斥刑法的干预，而注重刑法规制优先也会制约科学技术发展，因而平衡科技创新与刑法介入的时点成为正确解决该问题的关键。鉴于科学创新风险类型较多，因而在未来的规制过程中，一方面，可以通过客观归责理论对科技创新本身的风险进行区分和规制；另一方面，对于未来可能滥用科学技术的行为，应当增设“滥用科学技术罪”进行应对。 相似文献
20.
内容摘要：马克思主义中国化理论从内涵上,可分为“政治范式”、“经济范式”、“社会范式”三个范式,三个范式的界定仅仅是特定时间条件下的理论概括,并不具有排他性,每个范式不只是指政治或经济某一单方面,而是政治的、经济的、社会的、意识形态的、价值的、社会认同趋向的上、社会评价标准上的、人们的日常生活意义上的范式。马克思主义中国化理论成果的发展历史与国内现实和国际大背景之间存在必然联系,用科学哲学的方法来分析马克思主义理论在不同时段的内在因素,对马克思主义中国化理论发展逻辑有新的透视。 相似文献