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混凝土徐变是混凝土结构在长期服役过程中持续产生变形的主要因素。为探明大跨度混凝土斜拉桥在混凝土徐变作用下的长期变形及其影响，本文以某铁路混凝土斜拉桥为研究对象，基于实桥混凝土实验室测试数据和实地环境资料建立徐变修正模型，使用Midas Civil平台开展数值模拟和分析。研究结果表明：随着服役时间增加，混凝土徐变不仅导致主梁下挠，还会进一步导致拉索和主梁内力重分布。计算结果显示桥梁服役20年，主跨跨中下挠量达到87.89 mm;近塔端拉索索力显著减小，幅度达到11.43%,边跨远塔端索力小幅增长1.67%;索塔处混凝土主梁负弯矩峰值涨幅达到18.9%,易引发主梁开裂，需重点进行裂缝监测；索塔支座反力涨幅达到11.28%,是支座养护的重点部位。 相似文献
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以现浇混凝土空心板为工程背景,提出一种模拟桥梁结构裂缝扩展的实用计算方法。即建立三维弥散裂缝模型,借助ANSYS软件的开裂混凝土单元应力应变关系矩阵和混凝土破坏准则,计算桥梁结构在试验荷载下的变形,并提出裂缝宽度的计算公式。该方法可用于静载试验中,预测空心板裂缝出现的位置及最大裂缝宽度。 相似文献
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桥梁结构中,支座将上部结构的荷载传递到桥梁墩台上,同时保证上部结构在荷载、温度变化、混凝土收缩徐变等因素作用下能够自由变形,以便使结构的实际受力情况符合设计规范,并保护梁端、墩台帽梁不受损伤。在早期建设的一些桥梁中,支座老化和损坏已经是普遍存在的问题,直接危及桥梁结构寿命及交通运营安全,故急需对支座进行更换或增设,但同时要考虑顶升引起的结构内力变化,防止因顶升量过大而造成主梁开裂的问题尤为重要。 相似文献
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杨广林 《内蒙古科技与经济》2006,(10):133-135
近年来,在混凝土桥梁施工及使用过程中,混凝土结构裂缝的成因复杂而繁多,甚至多种因素相互影响,但每一条裂缝均有其产生的一种或几种主要原因。混凝土桥梁裂缝的种类,就其产生的原因,大致可划分如下几种:1荷载引起的裂缝混凝土桥梁在常规静、动荷载及次应力下产生的裂缝称荷载裂缝,归纳起来主要有直接应力裂缝、次应力裂缝两种。直接应力裂缝是指外荷载引起的直接应力产生的裂缝。裂缝产生的原因有:①设计计算阶段,结构计算时不计算或部分漏算;计算模型不合理;结构受力假设与实际受力不符;荷载少算或漏算;内力与配筋计算错误;结构安全系数不… 相似文献
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从预应力混凝土梁的实测弯曲裂缝参数着手,根据裂缝特征沿主梁纵向分布的不同,运用相似裂缝的处理原则,将主梁划分为阶梯形刚度分布梁,基于裂缝特征计算开裂预应力混凝土梁各开裂区段的有效刚度,给出基于阶梯形刚度特征的开裂预应力混凝土简支梁挠度的计算方法。 相似文献
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整体浇筑的大体积混凝土结构在养护期间,将主要产生两种变形:因降温而产生的温度收缩变形及因水泥水化作用而产生的水化收缩变形,这些变形在受到约束的条件下,将在结构内部及其表面产生拉应力.当拉应力超过混凝土相应龄期的抗拉强度时,结构开裂.因此,在大体积混凝土施工过程中,为避免产生过大的温度应力,防止温度裂缝的产生或把裂缝控制在某个界限内,必须进行温度控制. 相似文献
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在长期的重复荷载与自重和自然作用下造成混凝土路面产生裂缝、破损、磨损、掉角等破坏,这不仅会降低路面的刚度和整体性,也会改变结构的受力情况,缩短混凝土路面的使用寿命,因此必须对有缺损的水泥混凝土路面进行修复处理,同时采取一定的预防措施。 相似文献
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预应力混凝土空心板梁是近几年来桥梁结构中常见的一种结构形式。以其抗弯、抗扭性能好,整体稳定性高,并有足够的混凝土截面来承受正负弯矩的作用等优点,近几年来适用于中、小跨径的桥梁结构中。经过近几年的施工实践发现,在空心板梁预制过程中,最多出现的质量问题就是空心板梁端部中间出现裂缝。如果裂缝得不到控制或处理不当,都将给空心板梁的强度和刚度带来一定的危害,甚至影响其使用寿命。因此,我们对空心板梁端部裂缝的成因进行分析,并且提出可行性处治方案。裂缝是混凝土结构普遍存在的现象,一类是由外部荷载作用引起的,称之为结构裂缝或受力裂缝,表示结构承载能力相对不足或者存在结构上缺陷问题。此类裂缝在结构设计时设计荷载考虑全面一些是可以防止的或者设计允许;另一类则是由于变形引起的,称之为非结构性裂缝,指变形得不到满足,在构件内部产生内应力,当内应力超过混凝土允许应力时,引起混凝土开裂,如混凝土表面的龟裂。在两类裂缝中,非结构性裂 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3)
<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence 相似文献
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Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(3):267-268
<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese 相似文献
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WANG Sijia 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2014,(2):192-194
<正>The Paul Gerson Unna Research Group on Dermatogenomics was founded in October 2012 at the Partner Institute for Computational Biology.The ultimate goal of the group is to understand the biology of skin and skin appendages. 相似文献