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运动技术大范围三维运动学分析——以花样滑冰双人抛跳动作为例 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对花样滑冰运动技术动作进行大范围的三维运动学分析的标定问题进行了探讨.在所标定的范围内(长度13.5 m;宽度6.8 m;高度3 m),经检验其平均相对误差小于2.5%.在此基础上,使用SIMI°Motion三维运动录像分析系统对花样滑冰双人抛跳动作进行了大范围的三维运动学分析.研究结果表明较高水平运动员的腾空距离在6 m以上,腾空的时间大约为0.9 s.此外,较高水平的男女运动员的身体重心的垂直速度几乎同时达到最大值,并且速度的变化率较大.这说明他们动作配合协调,并且发力起跳积极有力. 相似文献
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手反应时测量可靠性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究采用实验及统计分析法 ,对 44名体院学生的手反应时分别用不同重复测量次数进行多次测量 ,用积差相关法、单因素方差分析等方法对测量数据的可靠性及相关系数用exce17.5软件进行统计分析。结果表明 :手反应时重复测量的最佳次数是 15次 ,取值的最好方法是剔除 5次最大值和 5次最小值计算平均值。可靠性系数可达到 0 95 相似文献
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目的:人体多刚体系统动力学的核心问题是人体运动的建模和求解,目前在利用动力学方法建立方程时,经常出现理论分析的结论与实验测试结果相差甚远的问题。通过对仿真计算结果与试验中测得的GRF(地面支撑力)与Ariel软件解析计算出膝关节胫骨平台力的结果进行比较验证,以期探讨人体多环节肌肉力和关节力的简便获取方法及应用优势。方法:高速摄像和三维解析方法,对1个步态周期完整动作与三维测力台同步采集,获得运动学参数和GRF,利用ADAMS三维软件建模对人体下肢运动进行运动仿真,依据运动学测试参数计算出下肢关节的动力学数据,并将仿真结果与试验中测得的GRF、膝关节胫骨平台力进行比较验证。结果:ADAMS计算的仿真力与三维测力台测得的力相关性(P<0.01)达到非常显著的水平,ADAMS仿真计算的3个方向力值95%置信区间与三维测力台力值置信区间几乎一致;Ariel三维解析计算右膝关节力曲线没有表现出膝关节胫骨平台力曲线的特点,曲线不光滑。结论:基于ADAMS进行运动仿真可有效解决求解复杂的多刚体系统动力学参数的精度问题;ADAMS仿真模拟日常行为活动,基于人机功效学的产品优化设计,全膝关节置换仿真研究,各种碰撞研究具有极大优势。 相似文献
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排球运动员步态支撑期的足底压力特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过测试得到排球运动员步态中足底压力的主要特征,并比较膝关节损伤运动员与无膝关节损伤运动员的足底压力特征,尝试分析膝关节损伤对足底压力产生的变化,为排球运动员正常步态数据提供可信的参考标准。选取北京体育大学竞技体育学院排球专项学生共48人(26男、22女)作为研究对象。运用FOOTSCAN足底压力分布测量系统和QUALISYS-MCU500红外运动测试系统的6个摄像头采集足底压力及步态基本运动学参数,测量被试者赤足状态下的步态。要求被试者以自己正常的步速行走,左右脚分别测试3次。将足部分为10个解剖分区:第L趾骨(T1)、第2-5趾骨(T2-T5)、第1跖骨(M1)、第2跖骨(M2)、第3跖骨(M3)、第4跖骨(M4)、第5跖骨(M5)、足中部(MF)、足跟内侧(HM)和足跟外侧(HL)。选取各个分区的接触开始时刻、接触结束时刻、最大压强时刻、接触时间作为时间指标。根据足底压力数据,男女排球运动员在步态支撑时期不同阶段的比例分别为:着地阶段(6.2%男,6.4%女)、前足接触阶段(5.5%男,6.6%女)、整足接触阶段(43.44%男,40.4%女)、离地阶段(42.9%男,46.5%女)。膝关节损伤运动员受伤腿足中部足底压强峰值明显低于未受伤腿。 相似文献
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研制开发了一套步法垫测试分析软件的步法测试系统,并运用该系统对1名一级乒乓球运动员比赛中的步法特征进行了测试与分析.得出以下主要结论:1.该论文所研发的乒乓球步法垫测试系统可以用作对乒乓球比赛中步法的测试.可以获得整场比赛步法移动的运动学参数:步法移动的时间(左、右足腾空、支撑时间、次数;双足的腾空、支撑时间等)、步法移动的空间(步法移动的范围、步幅)及步法移动的速度、步频等指标.2.该名乒乓球运动员步法移动的总体运动学特征概括为:1)运动员在偏左台的8.04 m2的区域里,以1.59±0.04次/s的高频率,每步以8.02±7.28 cm的小步幅进行步法移动;2)在比赛中,运动员有大约一半的时间处于移动状态,乒乓球步法的移动中以单脚的移动为主,以双脚的同时移动为辅;3)运动员在一场比赛中共进行了1 437次移动,移动距离为115.54 m;4)右脚的每步移动距离、每局移动距离大于左脚. 相似文献
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目的: 验证TGMD-3在中国3~12岁儿童基本运动技能测试中的可靠性和有效性。方法: 选取上海、深圳、重庆、洛阳、长沙的512名3~12岁儿童为研究对象进行TGMD-3测试,对测试的难度、区分度、一致性信度、重测信度和评价者信度、结构效度进行统计检验。结果: TGMD-3的13个项目难度范围为0.27~0.78,区分度范围为0.38~0.49。每个年龄组儿童基本运动技能测试(TGMD-3)的内部一致性系数范围为0.808~0.902,其中男女生的内部一致性系数均为0.95;总体的基本运动技能评价者信度(肯德尔协同系数)w为0.944, 2值为28.331,达到显著性水平;重测检验中,移动式运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.755、球类运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.741、总的基本运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.743,均达到了较高水平。通过探索性因子分析验证了TGMD-3的双因子结构,并通过验证性因子分析支持双因子模型(χ2(64)=103.28,p<0.001,CFI=0.960,TLI=0.952,RMSEA=0.049,SRMR=0.043)。结论: TGMD-3儿童基本运动技能测试具有良好的项目难度、区分度,以及可靠的内部一致性信度、重测信度和结构效度,对我国3~12岁儿童具有良好的适用性,可以作为我国儿童基本运动技能发展评价的有效工具。 相似文献
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短距离游泳世界水平成绩的取得只能以速度素质发展的高水平为基础。当前短距离游泳运动员训练的主要问题是提高游泳的绝对速度,解决的办法之一是改进速度方面的训练教学法。我们的研究要解决下面两个问题: (1)确定有助于速度素质发展的短距离(25米)游泳的合理重复次数。 (2)确定训练课中,对运动员的速度素质发展有效的各组25米段的合理重复次数及内容。研究过程中记录了评定运动员速度素质发展水平的各种指数。其中有:1.速度素质;2.游一个25米段的成绩;3.水中反牵引力绝对拉力;4.陆上练习划水动作绝对拉力;5.利用力量素质的系数;6.肩带肌肉爆发力;7.一次划水速度;8.简 相似文献
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跳绳运动是体能训练之一,但是不同跳绳运动频率在运动训练的效益与人体健康的影响仍有待探讨。利用VICON动作捕捉系统及Kistler测力板撷取受过跳绳运动训练的15位小学生选手的下肢运动学资料及地面反作用力值,并采用重复量数单因子变异数分析检定三种频率跳绳运动各组间的跳跃高度及运动学参数是否有差异,统一显著水平定为α=．05,达显著时再用杜凯氏HSD法做事后比较。在探讨在跳绳运动训练过程中,进行低频组（60±2次／分钟）、中频组（100±2次／分钟）及高频组（140±2次／分钟）跳绳运动,下肢所受到相关力学参数的差异,以及下肢关节运动学变化及下肢劲度对着地策略的影响情形。研究结果表明,不同频率跳绳运动的垂直地面反作用力的最大值、被动冲量、负荷率、下肢劲度及角劲度值以高频组较高;不同频率跳绳运动的动作时间以低频组较多;下肢各关节角度变化量方面膝关节角度变化在中频组有突增现象（p〈05）。建议进行跳绳运动运动时,仍应注意高频率跳跃时垂直地面反作用力对人体的冲击。 相似文献
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青年女性着高跟鞋平地行走时步态的生物力学研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过SIMI-MOTION录像解析系统和F-scan足底压力分布解析系统对青年女性穿高跟鞋行走时的步态进行运动学和动力学测量和分析。结果表明:青少年女性穿高跟鞋行走时的步态特征表现为:步长短,步速慢,步态周期长,重心起伏幅度大,单支撑时相占支撑时相比例低,说明青少年女性穿高跟鞋行走时下肢肌肉机能减弱;青少年女性穿跟高6.5cm以上的高跟鞋行走时,足底第一跖趾关节最大受力值是青少年女性穿球鞋行走时该点最大受力值的4倍,是青少年女性穿中跟鞋和松糕鞋行走时该点最大受力值的2倍。 相似文献
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Mike Schofield Jono Neville Kim Hébert-Losier John B. Cronin 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(6):597-606
ABSTRACTWhen new protocols are developed, there is a requirement to investigate test–retest reliability of measures for valid use and interpretation of data in research and practice. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to determine the inter-day reliability of the cable put and seated rotation assessment protocols. On three occasions, nine resistance-trained men performed cable puts and cable rotations at different loads between 6 and 42 kg on a commercially available cable cross over machine. Load stack movement was recorded using a PT5A linear position transducer from which all kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated. Reliability was excellent for peak velocity and displacement based on intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV) across the majority of loads and movements (cable put: ICC = 0.92 to 0.99, CV = 3.1% to 8.6%; cable seated rotation: ICC = 0.76 to 0.99, CV = ?1.7% to 16.1%). However, kinetic variables demonstrated inadequate reliability across the majority of days, loads and movements (ICC = 0.70, CV >10%). It was concluded that peak velocity is a reliable kinematic measure to assess muscular capability from cable put and seated rotation protocols; however, kinetic measures are too variable to provide reliable outputs across testing occasions. 相似文献
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Michael Clemens Rumpf John Cronin Jonathan Oliver Michael Hughes 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2019,18(3):256-263
The purpose of this study was to quantify the reliability of kinematic and kinetic variables using a sample of pre-peak-height-velocity (PHV) male athletes sprinting on a non-motorised treadmill. Following variables were measured and their normative data presented, average and peak velocity, average and peak power, average and peak horizontal force, average and peak vertical force, average step frequency, average step length, average work. Twenty-five participants performed three 5-s all-out sprints from a standing split start on a non-motorised treadmill on three separate occasions. Per cent change in the means (-3.66 to 3.35%) and coefficients of variation (0.56–7.81%) were thought reliable for all variables. However, average step rate, average horizontal force and average vertical force did not meet the standards (≥0.70) set for acceptable intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Due to the homogeneous group, it was expected to receive low ICC values. Therefore, youth sprinting performance can be tested reliably on a non-motorised treadmill, especially if the per cent change in the mean and CV are deemed the important reliability measures. Normative data are given for the participant’s age as well as their maturity level for kinematic and kinetic variables. 相似文献
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Accelerometer-based systems are often used to quantify human movement. This study’s aim was to assess the reliability and validity of the Myotest® accelerometer-based system for measuring running stride kinematics. Twenty habitual runners ran two 60 m trials at 12, 15, 18 and 21 km·h?1. Contact time, aerial time and step frequency parameters from six consecutive running steps of each trial were extracted using Myotest® data. Between-trial reproducibility of measures was determined by comparing kinematic parameters from the two runs performed at the same speed. Myotest® measures were compared against photocell-based (Optojump Next®) and high-frequency video data to establish concurrent validity. The Myotest®-derived parameters were highly reproducible between trials at all running speeds (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.886 to 0.974). Compared to the photo-cell and high-speed video-based measures, the mean contact times from the Myotest® were 34% shorter and aerial times were 64% longer. Only step frequency was comparable between systems and demonstrated high between-system correlation (ICC ≥ 0.857). The Myotest® is a practical portable device that is reliable for measuring contact time, aerial time and step frequency during running. In terms of validity, it provides accurate step frequency measures but underestimates contact time and overestimates aerial time compared to photocell- and optical-based systems. 相似文献
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Denise McGrath Barry R. Greene Karol J. O’Donovan Brian Caulfield 《Sports Engineering》2012,15(4):207-213
Wireless sensing solutions that provide accurate long-term monitoring of walking and running gait characteristics in a real-world environment would be an excellent tool for sport scientist researchers and practitioners. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of a body-worn wireless gyroscope-based gait analysis application to a marker-based motion capture system for the detection of heel-strike and toe-off and subsequent calculation of gait parameters during walking and running. The gait application consists of a set of wireless inertial sensors and an adaptive algorithm for the calculation of temporal gait parameters. Five healthy subjects were asked to walk and run on a treadmill at two different walking speeds (2 and 4?kph) and at a jogging (8?kph) and running (12?kph) speed. Data were simultaneously acquired from both systems. True error, percentage error and ICC scores indicate that the adaptive algorithm successfully calculated strides times across all speeds. However, results showed poor to moderate agreement for stance and swing times. We conclude that this gait analysis platform is valid for determining stride times in both walking and running. This is a useful application, particularly in the sporting arena, where long-term monitoring of running gait characteristics outside of the laboratory is of interest. 相似文献
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Maurizio Fanchini Carlo Castagna Aaron J. Coutts Federico Schena Alan McCall Franco M. Impellizzeri 《Journal of sports sciences》2014,32(20):1950-1957
AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the reliability, internal responsiveness and interchangeability of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YY1), level 2 (YY2) and submaximal YY1 (YY1-sub). Twenty-four young soccer players (age 17 ± 1 years; height 177 ± 7 cm; body mass 68 ± 6 kg) completed each test five times within pre- and in-season; distances covered and heart rates (HRs) were measured. Reliability was expressed as typical error of measurement (TEM) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal responsiveness was determined as effect size (ES) and signal-to-noise ratio (ESTEM). Interchangeability was determined with correlation between training-induced changes. The TEM and ICC for distances in the YY1 and YY2 and for HR in YY1-sub were 7.3% and 0.78, 7.1% and 0.93 and 2.2% and 0.78, respectively. The ESs and ESTEMs were 0.9 and 1.9 for YY1, 0.4 and 1.2 for YY2 and ?0.3 and ?0.3 for YY1-sub. Correlations between YY1 vs. YY2 and YY1-sub were 0.56 to 0.84 and ?0.36 to ?0.81, respectively. Correlations between change scores in YY1 vs. YY2 were 0.29 and ?0.21 vs. YY1-sub. Peak HR was higher in YY1 vs. YY2. The YY1 and YY2 showed similar reliability; however, they were not interchangeable. The YY1 was more responsive to training compared to YY2 and YY1-sub. 相似文献
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运用Cybex-NORM等速肌力测试系统,RSscan足底压力板测试系统对27名在校大学生（男15名,女12名）进行步向角测试,30°/s,120°/s两种角速度踝关节内收、外展的等动肌力测试,旨在探讨大学生步态特点及内、外八字形成的肌力学机制.研究结果：（1）大学生青年步向角的正常范围为1～15°;（2）男性步向角均值约为11.4°,女性步向角均值约为4.7°,男女性别差异具显著性;（3）角速度为30°/s和120°/s的内收、外展峰力矩,内收、外展平均力矩以及外展内收力矩比值均显示男性大于女性,且有显著性差异;（4）踝关节外展、内收肌力并非随着步向角的增大而增大或减小,内、外八字步态踝关节外展、内收肌力均小于正常步态;（5）30°/s和120°/s两种速度下,3种步态的踝关节外展内收肌力比都几近相等,没有显著性差异.结论：（1）23岁左右青年大学生步向角的正常范围为1～15°,小于1°为内八字步态,大于15°为外八字步态;（2）步向角、踝关节外展、内收肌力矩,外展内收肌力比均存在性别差异;（3）内、外八字不良步态形成的肌力学原因是踝关节外展、内收肌力同时薄弱,而不是外展内收肌力发展失衡,深层原因需要进一步深入探讨和研究. 相似文献
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Daniel D. Bingham Silvia Costa Stacy A. Clemes Ash C. Routen Helen J. Moore Sally E. Barber 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(20):2005-2010
This study presents a worked example of a stepped process to reliably estimate the habitual physical activity and sedentary time of a sample of young children. A total of 299 children (2.9 ± 0.6 years) were recruited. Outcome variables were daily minutes of total physical activity, sedentary time, moderate to vigorous physical activity and proportional values of each variable. In total, 282 (94%) provided 3 h of accelerometer data on ≥1 day and were included in a 6-step process: Step-1: determine minimum wear-time; Step-2: process 7-day-data; Step-3: determine the inclusion of a weekend day; Step-4: examine day-to-day variability; Step-5: calculate single day intraclass correlation (ICC) (2,1); Step-6: calculate number of days required to reach reliability. Following the process the results were, Step-1: 6 h was estimated as minimum wear-time of a standard day. Step-2: 98 (32%) children had ≥6 h wear on 7 days. Step-3: no differences were found between weekdays and weekend days (P ≥ 0.05). Step-4: no differences were found between day-to-day variability (P ≥ 0.05). Step-5: single day ICC’s (2,1) ranged from 0.48 (total physical activity and sedentary time) to 0.53 (proportion of moderate to vigorous physical activity). Step-6: to reach reliability (ICC = 0.7), 3 days were required for all outcomes. In conclusion following a 7 day wear protocol, ≥6 h on any 3 days was found to have acceptable reliability. The stepped-process offers researchers a method to derive sample-specific wear-time criterion. 相似文献
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Purpose
Following a cardiac event patients are at risk for deficits in mobility and function. However, measures of physical performance are not commonly used and have not been extensively studied in patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and the minimal detectable change (MDC) of gait speed, 5 times sit to stand (5 STS) and hand grip strength for individuals enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation.Methods
Forty-nine individuals enrolled in phase II or III cardiac rehabilitation participated in the study. Gait speed, 5 STS, and hand grip strength were measured over two sessions held on the same day. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to determine reliability and MDC95 was calculated to measure responsiveness.Results
All 3 measures showed high reliability (ICC for gait speed = 0.96, 5 STS = 0.87, right hand grip strength = 0.97, left hand grip strength = 0.97). The MDC95 for gait speed was 0.16 meters/second, 3.12 seconds for 5 STS, 5.2 kilograms for right and 5.1 kilograms for left hand grip strength.Conclusion
Gait speed, 5 STS, and hand grip strength are reliable and responsive measures for patients in cardiac rehabilitation. Findings support their use in clinical practice and future cardiac rehabilitation studies.Key Words: cardiac rehabilitation, gait speed, sit to stand 相似文献20.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess both short-term reliability and long-term stability of anthropometric and physical performance measures in highly-trained young soccer players in relation to age and maturation. Data were collected on 80 players from an academy (U13–U18, pre- (n = 14), circum- (n = 32) and post- (n = 34) estimated peak height velocity, PHV). For the reliability analysis, anthropometric and performance tests were repeated twice within a month. For the stability analysis, these tests were repeated 12 times over a 4-year period in 10 players. Absolute reliability was assessed with the typical error of measurement, expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV). Relative reliability and long-term stability were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). There was no clear age or maturation effect on either the CVs or ICCs: e.g., Post-PHV vs. Pre-PHV: effect size = –0.37 (90% confidence limits (CL):-1.6;0.9), with chances of greater/similar/lower values of 20/20/60%. For the long-term stability analysis, ICCs varied from 0.66 (0.50;0.80) to 0.96 (0.93;0.98) for 10-m sprint time and body mass, respectively. The short-term reliability of anthropometry and physical performance measures is unlikely to be affected by age or maturation. However, some of these measures are unstable throughout adolescence, which questions their usefulness in a talent identification perspective. 相似文献