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近年来,外地研究生在跨文化接触过程中所采取的文化适应模式及伴随而来的心理变化引起了学者们的关注。为了解外地研究生的文化适应现状及策略,随机抽取246名研究生,采用东亚人的文化适应测量量表(中文版)和自编的文化适应影响因素问卷进行调查。结果表明:(1)外地研究生的文化适应状况良好。(2)男女性别在文化适应影响因素中的社会支持维度和应对方式维度上具有统计学差异,社会支持、应对方式、评价方式和认知资源四个维度均没有显著的年级差异,不同的生源地参与者在认知资源维度上的差异具有显著的统计学意义。(3)应对方式对边缘化策略有显著消极预测作用;认知资源对边缘化策略有显著消极预测作用,对分离策略有显著积极预测作用;社会支持对同化策略有显著积极预测作用。对于外地研究生而言,应对方式、认知资源和社会支持在他们的文化适应过程中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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目的:考察基层武警战士心理健康状况及其影响因素,初步建构武警战士心理应激的结构方程模型。方法:采用CSQ、EPQ、PEI、SSRS、SCL-90对湖南省150名基层武警战士进行问卷调查。结果:1)不同自我评价水平的武警战士除在积极应对方式上无显著差异外,在人格、自我评价、消极应对方式及SCL-90总分上均有显著差异;2)社会支持与应对方式、SCL-90总分有显著相关,人格、自我评价、消极应对方式与SCL-90总分之间显著相关,但积极应对方式与SCL-90总分之间无显著相关。3)社会支持通过人格、应对方式对心理健康有间接影响,人格与消极应对方式对心理健康的主效应显著。结论:社会支持对自我评价、应对方式有显著的预测作用;人格对心理健康有显著的直接效应,并通过应对方式间接影响心理健康;应对方式是生活事件—心理健康的中介过程。 相似文献
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小学生社会支持、应对方式与心理健康的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用社会支持评定量表、简易应对方式问卷、心理健康诊断测验,对402名学生社会支持、应对方式与心理健康进行了研究。结果表明：（1）从总体来看,小学生心理问题的检出率为10．1％;从各个因子来看,学习焦虑检出率最高（51．03％）;小学生心理健康状况存在年级、性别差异。（2）小学生社会支持方面年级、性别差异显著,而应对方式上年级差异显著、性别差异不显著。（3）高社会支持组心理健康状况显著优于低社会支持组,低消极应对组和高积极应对组的心理健康状况显著优于对应的高消极应对组和低积极应对组。（4）主观支持、对支持利用度与MHT总分及除自责倾向外的诸因子相关显著,客观支持与孤独倾向相关显著;两种应对方式均与MHT总分及除自责倾向和过敏倾向外的诸因子相关显著。（5）主观支持以及积极应对和消极应对均进入了回归方程,对小学生心理健康状况具有显著预测作用。 相似文献
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目的:探讨农村小学教师的教学效能感与其社会支持、应对方式的关系.方法:本研究采用教师效能量表(TES)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)和领悟社会支持量表(PSSS)调查了湖南省128名农村小学教师.结果:(1)教师一般教学效能感与个人教学效能感之间存在显著差异,后者显著高于前者;(2)教龄对农村小学教师的教学效能感不存在显著的影响;(3)农村小学教师更多采用的是积极应对方式;(4)教师的教学效能感与社会支持的三个维度及积极应对方式都存在显著的相关,而与消极应对方式为负相关,且相关不显著;(5)逐步回归分析表明,积极应对方式与其他支持对农村小学教师的教学效能感有显著的预测作用.结论:本研究对于寻求缓解农村小学教师心理压力,维护教师心理健康的方法具有启发意义. 相似文献
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以心理健康自评量表、应对方式问卷和社会支持量表为工具,随机选取森林警院320名大学生为被试,探讨应对方式、社会支持与心理健康之间的关系。结果表明:(1)森林警院学生的心理健康水平明显低于中国常模的健康水平;(2)主观支持与森林警院学生心理健康水平有显著相关;积极应对方式、消极应对方式、对支持的利用度与森林警院学生心理健康水平有非常显著相关;(3)消极应对方式、积极应对方式、对支持的利用度对森林警院学生心理健康水平有显著预测作用。 相似文献
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为探讨社会支持、应对方式对农村留守儿童心理健康的影响,对394名儿童施测社会支持问卷、应对方式问卷和心理健康诊断测验问卷。研究发现,农村留守儿童的心理健康、社会支持、应对方式得分与非留守儿童存在显著差异,农村留守儿童的社会支持、应对方式与心理健康存在不同程度的相关,社会支持和应对方式是农村留守儿童心理健康的重要预测变量。农村留守儿童的心理健康水平显著低于非留守儿童,通过社会支持与应对方式可以显著预测农村留守儿童的心理健康。 相似文献
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农村儿童社会支持、自我概念与应对方式的关系研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过问卷法对湖南26个县市的33所学校的638名中小学生的自我概念、社会支持与应对方式进行研究。结果表明：1．同伴关系、亲子关系和诚实可靠性及支持总分维度上存在性别差异;一般自我、学业自我、亲子关系、诚实可靠性、客观支持、支持利用度及积极应对维度上存在年级差异;客观支持、支持利用度、和支持总分维度上存在儿童类型差异,自我概念和应对方式上不存在儿童类型差异。2．自我概念与社会支持呈显著正相关。3．自我概念在消极应对方式的主效应显著,社会支持在积极应对方式的主效应显著,两者不存在相互作用。 相似文献
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本研究运用儿童孤独感量表、社会支持量表和应对方式量表对江苏某层210名留守儿童和222名非留守儿童进行问卷调查,结果表明：①留守儿童孤独感显著高于非留守儿童．低龄时尤为明显;②社会支持、应对方式对留守儿童孤独感有显著预测作用;③积极应对可以有效缓冲社会支持不足对留守儿童孤独感的影响,存在调节效应;④消极应对和积极应对在社会支持与留守儿童孤独感之间均具有中介效应。 相似文献
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叶艳晖 《湖州师范学院学报》2014,(4)
以500名在校大学生为研究对象,采用社会支持评定量表、应对方式问卷和总体幸福感量表进行问卷调查,探讨大学生社会支持、应对方式与主观幸福感的关系,并检验应对方式的中介效应.结果显示:(1)社会支持在性别、年级差异上均无统计学意义;应对各因子性别差异无统计学意义,解决问题、自责、幻想、退避四个应对因子存在显著年级差异;主观幸福感得分男生显著高于女生,并存在显著年级差异.(2)社会支持与主观幸福感呈显著正相关;解决问题、求助两个应对因子与主观幸福感呈显著正相关,自责、幻想、退避、合理化四个应对因子与主观幸福感呈显著负相关.(3)社会支持对主观幸福感有明显的直接效应(β=0.289,P0.001),而且应对方式中介效应也显著(β=0.197,β=-0.366,P0.001),其中成熟应对方式中介效应占总效应的29.7%,不成熟应对方式中介效应占总效应的18.9%. 相似文献
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Basic factual information about disease is the cornerstone of health promotion and disease prevention interventions. Previous studies have shown that content analysis of the questions asked of service providers can elucidate the information needs of service consumers. Questions asked by individuals at known high risk for HIV infection have not previously been examined. The current study analyzed 944 questions asked by 634 patients receiving HIV‐risk‐reduction counseling services at an urban sexually transmitted infections clinic. Questions were captured from audiotape recordings of risk‐reduction counseling sessions that were subsequently transcribed and content‐analyzed. A total of 49% of clients asked at least one question in their counseling session. Asking counselors questions was not associated with demographic characteristics or AIDS‐related knowledge. Questions were found to fit the AIDS information content structure identified in past research. The most common questions asked by sexually transmitted infection clients concerned condoms and other barrier methods of prevention (15%), HIV symptoms and disease progression (14%) and HIV antibody testing (11%). These results show that many individuals at high risk for HIV infection have substantial information needs, and that basic education about AIDS facts should not be neglected in HIV prevention interventions. 相似文献
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文章以684名大学生为调查对象,采用问卷调查法来探讨大学生社会态度对其应对方式的影响研究。发现大学生社会态度整体水平低于中等水平;大学生应对方式趋于采用积极的成熟的应对方式;大学生社会态度对应对方式影响显著,且为正向影响;大学生社会态度各因子对应对方式的影响力不同,不同的因子对不同的应对方式有着不同的影响。依据研究结果提出相应建议与对策。 相似文献
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男性服刑人员社会支持和应付方式的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用社会支持评定量表和应付方式问卷对242名男性服刑人员的社会支持及应付方式进行问卷调查。结果表明:(1)解决问题与社会支持各维度存在显著正相关;自责与社会支持总分等存在显著负相关。(2)解决问题与年龄、文化程度存在显著正相关;自责、幻想、合理化、社会支持总分等与服刑时间存在显著负相关。(3)无前科的服刑人员的社会支持总分和主观支持得分显著高于有前科的服刑人员;无前科的服刑人员的自责得分显著低于有前科的服刑人员。(4)有配偶的服刑人员的社会支持总分等显著高于没有配偶的服刑人员;有配偶的服刑人员的解决问题、求助的得分显著高于没有配偶的服刑人员。 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE:This research examines the understudied issue of gender differences in disclosure, social reactions, post-abuse coping, and PTSD of adult survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA). METHOD:Data were collected on a cross-sectional convenience sample of 733 college students completing a confidential survey about their demographic characteristics, sexual abuse experiences, disclosure characteristics, post-abuse coping, and social reactions from others. RESULTS:Female students reported greater prevalence and severity of CSA, more distress and self-blame immediately post-assault, and greater reliance on coping strategies of withdrawal and trying to forget than male students. Women were more likely to have disclosed their abuse to others, to have received positive reactions, and to report greater PTSD symptom severity, but were no more likely to receive negative reactions upon disclosure than men. Women delaying disclosure had greater PTSD symptom severity, whereas men's symptoms did not vary by timing of disclosure. Additional regression analyses examined predictors of PTSD symptom severity and negative and positive social reactions to abuse disclosures. CONCLUSIONS:Several gender differences were observed in this sample of college students in terms of sexual abuse experiences, psychological symptoms, coping, PTSD, and some aspects of disclosure and social reactions from others. 相似文献
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研究大学生对突发事件的应对方式,对于指导学生有意识地纠正消极应对方式,提出切实可行的干预策略有实际指导意义。从不同性别、不同民族、不同年级大学生面对应激事件所采取的应对方式的差异检验显示,对大学生进行心理健康教育不能搞一刀切,应根据性别、民族和年龄的不同有针对性地进行。 相似文献
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在甘肃省抽取502名高三学生,采用自编社会人口学资料表、ZUNG氏抑郁自评量表（SDS）、GROSS情绪调节方式问卷、社会支持评定量表对高三学生抑郁情绪受相关因素进行问卷调查。结果显示：高三学生中有抑郁症状者137人,占总调查人数的27．3％;在情绪调节方式方面,认知重评与抑郁呈显著负相关（p〈0．01）,表达抑制与抑郁也有一定的相关（p〈0.05）;社会支持与抑郁水平呈显著负相关（p〈0．01）。所以,得出结论为：高三学生学习等各方面压力较大,容易产生抑郁情绪。正确的引导和情感上的支持理解有助于减轻压力,促进学习成绩。 相似文献
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《Early education and development》2013,24(4):363-378
The HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa has prompted a need for extensive efforts to educate citizens of all ages about the disease and ways of coping with its impact. This paper describes the process of developing an HIV/AIDS education curriculum for Takalani Sesame, an educational media project for young South African children. The process began with formative research with adults and children, and extensive discussions with HIV/AIDS health specialists. Guided by the research and advice from specialists, a team of educators developed a comprehensive curriculum that the Takalani Sesame production team will use to create HIV/AIDS education messages for television, radio and outreach materials for children ages 3-7 and the adults who care for them. 相似文献
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The HIV/AIDS pandemic in South Africa has prompted a need for extensive efforts to educate citizens of all ages about the disease and ways of coping with its impact. This paper describes the process of developing an HIV/AIDS education curriculum for Takalani Sesame, an educational media project for young South African children. The process began with formative research with adults and children, and extensive discussions with HIV/AIDS health specialists. Guided by the research and advice from specialists, a team of educators developed a comprehensive curriculum that the Takalani Sesame production team will use to create HIV/AIDS education messages for television, radio and outreach materials for children ages 3-7 and the adults who care for them. 相似文献
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The present study concurrently examined protective factors associated with the adaptive outcomes of resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG; defined as positive psychological change resulting from a life crisis or trauma), after accounting for relevant demographic factors and the impact of circumstances surrounding childhood victimization (i.e., age of first trauma, frequency of victimization, and perception of trauma severity). The protective factors examined in the present study included social support from friends and family, optimism, positive religious coping (i.e., looking to God for support and guidance; forgiveness), and negative religious coping (i.e., feeling abandoned by God; anger towards God). Participants included 161 college students from the US MidSouth, aged 18–24 (Mage = 19.97, SD = 1.86). All participants reported experiencing physical violence and/or sexual abuse during their childhood. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that after accounting for demographics and circumstances surrounding the childhood victimization, higher resilience was associated with greater family support, optimism, and positive religious coping, while higher posttraumatic growth was associated with greater optimism and positive religious coping. These findings underscore the protective role of optimism with respect to both resilience and posttraumatic growth. Additionally, results highlight the importance of examining cognitions related to religious coping rather than simply assessing broadband religiosity, as only positive religious coping was associated with adaptive outcomes. Findings suggest the importance of early intervention to bolster protective factors (i.e., family support, positive thinking, gratitude, and positive religious coping skills) among youth exposed to childhood physical and sexual victimization. 相似文献