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1.
Pierre-Olaf Schut 《国际体育史杂志》2016,33(10):1133-1151
AbstractThe link between sport and tourism is closely related in outdoor sports and it is worth considering the development of these physical activities in conjunction with the tourist infrastructures that facilitate access to the activity areas. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the major role played by the Touring Club de France (TCF) in the launching of winter sports in France through its promotion of tourist infrastructures and support of the related activities. The TCF played an innovating and most efficient part through its action on three essential aspects: equipping sites for tourists; developing the manufacture of winter sports equipment; and promoting winter sports, thus bringing new life to mountain resorts. In taking into account the crucial role of the TCF in this study, the main sources used are related to the club itself: its archives and the monthly review from 1908 to 1914. On a larger scale, an explanation on how the TCF acted as a lever to generate dynamics beneficial to local development of the mountain areas will also be provided. 相似文献
2.
Janet M. Shaw Nadia M. Hamad Tanner J. Coleman Marlene J. Egger Yvonne Hsu Robert Hitchcock 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1176-1185
AbstractStrenuous physical activity has been linked to pelvic floor disorders in women. Using a novel wireless intra-vaginal pressure transducer, intra-abdominal pressure was measured during diverse activities in a laboratory. Fifty-seven women performed a prescribed protocol using the intra-vaginal pressure transducer. We calculated maximal, area under the curve and first moment of the area intra-abdominal pressure for each activity. Planned comparisons of pressure were made between levels of walking and cycling and between activities with reported high pressure in the literature. Findings indicate variability in intra-abdominal pressure amongst individuals doing the same activity, especially in activities that required regulation of effort. There were statistically significant differences in maximal pressure between levels of walking, cycling and high pressure activities. Results for area under the curve and first moment of the area were not always consistent with maximal pressure. Coughing had the highest maximal pressure, but had lower area under the curve and first moment of the area compared to most activities. Our data reflect novel findings of maximal, area under the curve and first moment of the area measures of intra-abdominal pressure, which may have clinical relevance for how physical activity relates to pelvic floor dysfunction. 相似文献
3.
Richard W. Christiana Marsha Davis Mark G. Wilson Frances A. McCarty Gary T. Green 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):509-518
Purpose: Young adolescents who have little interest in participating in competitive team sports are at an increased risk for physical inactivity. Noncompetitive outdoor physical activity can provide young adolescents with increased opportunities to participate in physical activities that appeal to them and have positive health effects. The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to rural young adolescents' participation in noncompetitive outdoor physical activity to inform intervention design. Method: Young adolescents aged 10 to 14 years old (N = 1,032) from 1 rural county completed a self-administered questionnaire assessing constructs from self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) related to noncompetitive outdoor physical activity. Structural equation modeling was used to examine an integrated conceptual model of hypothesized relationships among constructs. Results: The hypothesized conceptual model provided a good fit to the data with greater perceptions of autonomy support and self-determined motivation having statistically significant positive indirect effects on participation in noncompetitive outdoor physical activity mediated by the constructs of the TPB. All direct paths in the model were statistically significant; however, the direct effect of attitudes on intention was weak (.08) and self-determined motivation had no indirect effect on intention through attitudes (.03). Conclusions: Constructs of SDT and TPB should be accounted for by interventions targeting noncompetitive outdoor physical activity among young adolescents. More research is needed to determine young adolescents' preferences for noncompetitive and competitive physical activity and the potential influence that noncompetitive outdoor physical activity may have on total daily physical activity. 相似文献
4.
In outdoor activities, it seems reasonable that the longer children spend in spontaneous physical activity (PA), the higher the probability of being active. Indeed, the time spent outdoor has been identified as a variable consistently associated with the children’s PA. Outdoor playing, such as the organized sports practice, appears associated with healthier lifestyle standards. All the recommendations mention the importance of increasing daily PA practice in children and teenagers, but few studies highlight the relationship between outdoor play and the recommended PA levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the frequency of outdoor play, the frequency of the organized sports practice, and the compliance of the recommendations for PA practice in children in the inner city area of Porto. The sample of this study is composed of 422 individuals (mean age of 11.6 years). Two hundred and twenty-five of them were girls and 197 were boys from the sixth grade (elementary schools located in the inner city area of Porto). PA was objectively evaluated using accelerometers. Participants reported frequency of participation in different PA contexts, such as sports practice and outdoor play. The results show a predictor effect of participating in sports three or more times per week on compliance of PA guidelines.In conclusion, organized sports practice seems more effective than outdoor play to reach the recommended levels of PA in children. 相似文献
5.
AbstractHow should contemporary societies promote physical activity in nature and preservation of the natural environment? Outdoor life occupies a central and contested position on this question in the Nordic countries. In Norway, a 1957 Act of Parliament took a major step by guaranteeing free public access to both public and private uncultivated land. This article explores the media debate that raged in 2008–2009, when the national government proposed new legislation intended to promote outdoor life, sport, nature experience and urban forest preservation around Oslo, Norway’s capital. Applying narrative and discourse methodologies, this case study reveals how the media debate evolved from an initial cacophony of voices into a schism between advocates of nature preservation and advocates of sport. The controversy explored here is increasingly relevant throughout all of Europe: how to encourage urban active living, sustainable recreation and democratic citizenship that embody distinct social practices, identities, emotional bonds and symbolic meaning. 相似文献
6.
ABSTRACTBackground: Over the past 10 years, research has started to investigate the pedagogic practices of instructors and coaches working in adventure sports settings. Outdoor instructors face particular challenges regarding the impact the dynamic environment has on the coaching process and their students. This challenging combination of factors obliges the instructor to be agile in response. We propose that this adaptive expertise is characteristic of these factors and that adaptability may be a beneficial focus of outdoor instructor training and education.Purpose: The major aim was to identify if adaptive expertise is an attribute of outdoor instructors? And if so, what are its characteristics in this context?Research design and data collection: We applied a mixed methodology to a sample of outdoor instructors (n?=?64). The instructors were asked to complete a quantitative adaptive expertise inventory. We then interviewed a selected sub-sample (n?=?12).Participants and setting: Quantitative data was collected from outdoor instructors working in the UK (n?=?64). The sample consisted of instructors qualified to work independently with groups in adventurous settings in a range of activities. Qualitative data was collected from a smaller sample (n?=?12) via a series of thematically analysed semi-structured interviews.Findings: Results suggest that the participating outdoor instructors have high levels of adaptive expertise. A characteristic of that adaptive capacity is a combination of skills revolving around reflection, metacognition, and situational awareness. There were differences, however, between less and more experienced outdoor instructors in their adaptive capacity, with less experienced instructors being adaptive to a lesser extent.Conclusions: The implication is that further research is worthwhile to examine the development of instructors’ adaptive capacity. The training and education of outdoor instructors requires pedagogic approaches that facilitate and engender adaptability, flexibility and agility in neophyte instructors. 相似文献
7.
通过问卷调查、现场观察等方法对上海市高一学生参加东方绿舟国防教育活动中的户外运动效果进行了研究。结果显示：大部分学生认为户外运动有趣、有收获、对缓解学业压力有益。＂身体练习与户外运动技能相结合＂、＂身体练习与军事技能学习相结合＂与＂内容的新奇性＂是最大特点,学生最希望增加的内容是＂野外生存训练＂。超过70%的学生认为对增强体质和健康有益,在耐力方面得到很大提高,对提高综合素质和能力很有帮助。提高最多的是运动能力、合作能力和心理承受能力。60%的学生对教育组织方面总体满意,认为存在问题最多的是＂很多项目只能看,不能玩,很失望＂。 相似文献
8.
John L. Crompton Arnold Vedlitz Charles W. Lamb Jr. 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(4):449-457
Abstract Data on participation in 15 recreational activities were obtained from a sample of 2,760 junior and senior high school students. Interrelationships among activities were examined by use of a hierarchical clustering procedure for males and females within each of the following four age groups: 11–12, 13–14, 15–16, and 17–18. The data indicated that the two a priori designated clusters of outdoor recreation and competitive recreation activities were of limited value for categorizing interrelated activities. However, the clustering procedures suggested that if the outdoor recreation and competitive recreation clusters were defined more narrowly, many of the activities within them did interrelate. A third group of activities emerged which had a very low relationship to the other two clusters and to each other. They were given the generic title “unique recreation activities” to indicate their relative independence. 相似文献
9.
Abstract We examined the practice activities and instructional behaviours employed by 25 youth soccer coaches during 70 different practice sessions. We evaluated the extent to which these activities and behaviours differ from those shown in contemporary research to best facilitate skill acquisition. Nine coaches worked with the under-9 years age group and eight coaches each with the under-13 and under-16 years age groups; nine of those coaches were employed at the elite level, nine at the sub-elite level, and seven at the non-elite level. Coaches had players spend more time in activities that were deemed less relevant to soccer match performance, termed “training form” (e.g. physical training, technique and skills practices), than activities deemed more relevant, termed “playing form” (e.g. small-sided/conditioned games and phase of play activities). Coaches provided high levels of instruction, feedback, and management, irrespective of the activity in which players engaged. Few differences in practice activities and instructional behaviours were reported across skill and age groups, implying the absence of any notable age- or skill-related progression. Findings are discussed with reference to recent research in the areas of skill acquisition, motor learning, and expert performance. 相似文献
10.
随着国家的发展和社会的进步,人民生活水平不断地提升,人们对健康的认识也在不断地重视,已不只是传统的单一的体育锻炼。而且,山地户外运动自从传到中国得到了快速的发展,户外运动俱乐部空前的发展,各大高校开设户外运动课程,显示出山地户外运动已经走进了人们的生活当中,人们开始接触山地户外运动项目,走进大自然,锻炼身心。但是在参加山地户外运动中存在好多安全风险,根据中国登山协会报道,每一年都会发生大大小小的安全事故,伤及自身。本文通过文献资料法和专家访谈法进行分析山地户外运动疾病和损伤的产生原因和机理,提出针对性的预防和处理,让人们认识到相关运动项目所存在的安全问题,结合自身,对症下药,降低山地户外运动的风险系数,提高自我安全意识。 相似文献
11.
耗散结构理论自创立以来 ,无论在自然领域 ,还是在社会领域 ,都产生了重大的影响。幼儿健康教育在一定意义上属于耗散结构 ,故用其理论来指导工作 ,有着十分重要的现实意义。 相似文献
12.
Marcus Kilpatrick Edward Hebert John Bartholomew Daniel Hollander Daniel Stromberg 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):353-359
Purpose: Improvements in motor performance and coordination may be impacted by the interaction of practice and organismic constraints. It has been proposed that these aspects of motor learning are achieved at a different time rate: first, during placement of the events (performance), and second, segmental spatiotemporal relationships (coordination). We focused on the acquisition of the longswing in high bar as one basic skill in gymnastics. The aim of this study was to determine how longswing performance and coordination change to increase swing amplitude as age and expertise increase. Method: One hundred and thirteen male gymnasts were classified into 5 distinct age groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5) on the basis of the national competition rules. Longswing performance (swing amplitude and event placements) and coordination (positive and negative areas in the continuous relative phase) were measured for each group. Results: Analyses of variance revealed that the adequate placement and coordination of the earlier events were achieved in younger groups (G1, G2), while later events and their coordination were accomplished by the older groups (G3 through G5). Conclusion: Our results suggested that the process of longswing acquisition, as age and expertise increase, follows a progression parallel to the temporal occurrence of the task events, instead of the proposed learning sequence of event placement first and then coordination. 相似文献
13.
14.
彭文革 《体育科技文献通报》2007,15(2):10-12,24
美国的高等教育系统凭着横跨所有领域的优秀课程设置而走在世界的前列,美国颁授的学位以其杰出而广受国际认可。在四年制大学和二年制社区学院中,户外教育及其相关的专业和课程设置很多,涵盖了户外研究、户外娱乐·公园与旅游、户外领队研究、户外探险教育、野外生存娱乐等领域。不仅培养规格层次多,课程设置门类广,还交叉融合,各有特色。本文采用文献资料法、网上查询法和统计法,对美国高等教育与户外教育相关的专业和课程设置概况作了研究,并列举了几个范例。在此基础上,针对我国高校大学生野外生存生活训练的需求状况进行了思考。 相似文献
15.
The microstructure of practice activities engaged in by elite and recreational youth cricket players
Jeffrey Low A. Mark Williams Allistair P. McRobert Paul R. Ford 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(11):1242-1250
Abstract Practice plays an important role in skill acquisition, although not all practice is of equal quality. We examined the types of team practice activities in four groups of youth cricket players. The groups were recreational- and elite-children (9 to 12 years of age) and recreational- and elite-adolescent players (13 to 17 years of age). Time motion analysis recorded the duration in two types of practice activities, namely, Training Form and Playing Form. Training Form is mainly drill-type activities, whereas Playing Form is mainly games-based activities. Training Form activity is thought to contain fewer opportunities to develop the perceptual, cognitive and motor skills required for successful performance in competition when compared to Playing Form. Session duration was a mean value of 95, s?=?29?min. All players combined spent 69% of session time in Training Form activity and 19% in Playing Form, with the remaining percentage of time spent in transition between activities. Recreational-children spent around half of their time in Playing Form activity, whereas both elite and adolescent groups spent little or no time in this activity. Findings from this research highlight a gap between research and practice that may not be optimal for skill acquisition. 相似文献
16.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):763-771
AbstractThis study examined the developmental sporting activities of the Olympic Champions 2012 in men's field hockey. The volume of organised practice/training and non-organised sporting leisure play in both field hockey and other sports through childhood, adolescence and adulthood was examined and compared between the Olympic Champions and (1) current national class players and (2) international medallists of one decade earlier. Analyses revealed that the Olympic Champions performed moderate volumes of organised field hockey practice/training throughout their career and attained their first international senior medal after accumulating 4393 ± 1389 practice/training hours, but they engaged in extensive other sporting activities during childhood and youth. It took them 18 ± 3 years of involvement to attain an international medal and they had engaged for 22 ± 3 years when winning the Olympic gold medal. The Olympic Champions did not differ from national class players in the amount of hockey-specific practice/training, but in greater amounts of organised involvement in other sports and later specialisation. They differed from the international medallists of one decade earlier in less increase of organised hockey-specific practice/training during adulthood and a longer period of involvement until attaining their first international medal. The sporting activities were characterised by sizeable interindividual variation within each subsample. The findings are reflected against the deliberate practice and Developmental Model of Sports Participation (DMSP) frameworks and are discussed with reference to the concept of long-term sustainability. 相似文献
17.
《Sport Management Review》2014,17(2):174-189
While much marketing research has focused on brand creation and management, less is known about the creation of sport brands. This paper complements the stakeholder model of branding and brand creation, which highlights the role of a firm's stakeholders in the analysis of brands, by including country-specific factors based on location and Country-of-Origin (CoO). Using a sample of innovative New Zealand-based firms, our qualitative study uses a comparative case method in two subsector settings to investigate how they have built outdoor sport brands based on that country's particular country-specific factors. We show how firms are able to leverage New Zealand's strong sport product category-country associations to create brand value. Our findings confirm that CoO image together with sport product category-country associations enables the creation of brands in sport product categories. Our paper contributes to theory and practice by extending understanding of brand creation by demonstrating the importance of location and product category. Further research directions are suggested. 相似文献
18.
张玉超 《西安体育学院学报》2011,28(4)
我国对新媒体转播体育赛事这一发展极为迅速的新生事物的法律界定还不太明确,认识上还存在许多分歧,造成新媒体转播体育赛事很多侵权现象经常发生.采用文献资料、逻辑分析等方法分析我国体育赛事转播权概念、特征、发展概况、法律性质、侵权现象及侵权救济.结果表明,新媒体转播体育赛事已成锐不可当之势,只有完善体育赛事网络转播的法律制度、加强相关执法部门互相配合、加强新媒体新闻机构行业自律,才能使我国新媒体转播体育赛事走上健康发展的康庄大道. 相似文献
19.
随着高校扩大招生规模,特别是北方高校冬季体育运动受气候影响较大,出现了体育场馆季节性严重不足的问题,大学校园的体育场所已经不能完全满足学生的需求。户外拓展运动是利用校园、公园和野外地域进行教学,可以在一定程度上解决学校冬季体育活动场地紧张的问题。采用文献资料法,从拓展运动的自身特点与课程价值、体育课程改革的发展趋势和体育教学资源的开发与利用等方面入手,分析、论证了北方高校冬季开展户外拓展运动的必要性和可行性。认为完整的理论基础、学生的需要和自身的优势是拓展运动进入学校体育课程的基础,并提出了课程的师资建设、课程的内容设计、课程的形式、课程频率与时间等冬季开展户外拓展运动课程的实施手段和学生的安全教育培训、应急救援、风险保障等安全保障（防范）措施,为北方高校冬季户外拓展运动的开展提供理论依据。 相似文献
20.
Kass Gibson 《Sport in Society》2019,22(9):1604-1622
AbstractCritical scholars of sport and physical culture have devoted significant attention to developing critiques of epistemological hierarchies and the discursive power of biomedical knowledge in sport, exercise and physical activity. However, such work has largely failed to engage in an empirically grounded fashion with the processes of knowledge production. Furthermore, relative to its importance in the creation of knowledge, the laboratory is conspicuous in its absence from both critical discussions and as a site for empirical research. By way of response, this study draws on data collected from over 1000 h of participant observation and 53 semi-structured interviews to explore how underlying political and social values are articulated through relationships between knowledge creation, transfer and claims-making, and specific social frames in exercise physiology, a cornerstone of sports science. Rather than rehearse methodological challenges and critiques, the analysis presented demonstrates, contrary to critical analyses of scientific research that charge biomedical sciences with producing de-contextualised knowledge, laboratory-based sports science is thoroughly contextualised, albeit in specific and nuanced ways. Specifically, exercise physiology knowledge production is characterised by dehumanization and rehumanization processes. The relationship between these processes is not unilinear or sequential, but reciprocal and recursive. Nonetheless, dehumanization is the basis upon which exercise physiology knowledge is made applicable. Rehumanization is how it becomes desirable. 相似文献