共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
张茹英 《雁北师范学院学报》2007,23(3):75-76
为了探讨硬膜外腔注射地塞米松对吗啡镇痛引起术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的预防作用.选择子宫切除手术患者240例,随机分成观察组和对照组,每组120例.手术结束前观察组一次性硬膜外腔注入吗啡2 mg＋地塞米松10mg＋0.9%生理盐水6 mL.对照组吗啡2 mg＋0.9%生理盐水至6 mL.记录24 h内病人的镇痛效果和PONV的发生率.结果表明,术后24 h内PONV总发生率：观察组9.2%,对照组为42%.（P〈0.01）.可见,硬膜外腔注射地塞米松可有效抑制手术后吗啡镇痛引起的PONV. 相似文献
2.
硬膜外麻醉手术病人硬膜外腔应用阿片类药物用于手术后镇痛,具有方法简单、安全、镇痛效果良好,已被普遍应用于临床。我科应用硬膜外腔保留管小剂量吗啡手术后镇痛107例,均取得满意效果。现将术后镇痛病人护理体会总结如下。 1 资料与方法 本组病人107例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,年龄18～72岁(平均年龄48.6±1.4),均术前30min肌肉注射鲁米那钠0.1g.阿托品0.5mg。手术分类:腹股沟斜疝修补术48倒,大隐静脉高位结扎剥落术30例。常规硬膜外麻醉操作,术中呼吸、循环平稳。手术结束前5～10min经硬膜外腔导管注入吗啡2mg 氟哌啶5mg 生理盐水共8～10ml,保留导管回病房,以后在疼痛明显 相似文献
3.
目的:观察格拉斯琼联合小剂量纳洛酮对术后镇痛中恶心呕吐的影响.方法:150例ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级下肢骨科手术患者,随机分成三组,分别为格拉斯琼组(C组)纳洛酮组(N组)和格拉斯琼加纳洛酮组(GN组).均选择硬膜外麻醉,术毕行静脉镇痛,评估手术后48h内病人的镇痛效果、镇静评分和恶心呕吐的发生率.结果:三组患者术后镇痛、镇静差异无统计学意义.GN组恶心呕吐的发生率为14%,低于C组的32%和N组的30%(P<0.05).结论:5-HT3受体拮抗药与阿片受体拮抗药联合应用对预防术后镇痛中PONV的发生效果显著,且明显优于两类药单用的效果. 相似文献
4.
苑江 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》1997,(6)
实验证明,高渗糖—布比卡因术后镇痛优于吗啡术后镇痛。但东莨菪碱—吗啡术后镇痛同样优于吗啡的镇痛效果。我院自1990年以来将硬膜外腔注射高渗盐水—布比卡因混合液用于术后镇痛并与东莨菪碱—吗啡混合液进行比较,观察与评价该方法的临床效果现报道如下。1 资料与方法1.1 观察与分组:100例ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ级择期手术患者,男性62例,女性38例,年龄19-60岁,均为下肢手术。随机分成两组,高渗盐水— 相似文献
5.
目的:观察比较等效剂量的舒芬太尼与芬太尼分别复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼用于胸科手术术后静脉镇痛的临床效果及不良反应.方法:选择开胸手术成年患者78例,随机均分为两组,观察组(S组)术毕前15min静注舒芬太尼10g+氟比洛芬酯50mg+格拉斯琼3mg,后接PCIA泵,泵内药物为舒芬太尼2.5g/kg+氟比洛芬酯200mg+格拉斯琼6mg;对照组(F组)术毕前15min静注芬太尼0.1mg+氟比洛芬酯50mg+格拉斯琼3mg,后接PCIA泵,泵内药物为芬太尼25g/kg+氟比洛芬酯200mg+格拉斯琼6mg.记录各组术后第4、12、24、36、48h各时间点生命体征、镇痛、镇静及不良反应情况.结果:两组患者术后第4、12、24h时间点心律(HP)、平均动脉压(MPA)差异有显著性(P＜0.05);两组术后镇痛均取得了较好的效果,但S组各时间点镇痛VAS评分明显低于F组(P＜0.05),术后第4、12h时间点镇静评分S组明显高于于F组(P＜0.05).结论:舒芬太尼与芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼均可用于开胸手术术后静脉镇痛,但舒芬太尼复合氟比洛芬酯、格拉斯琼用于开胸手术术后镇痛、镇静效果更确切、安全、不良反应低,是一种值得推广的方法. 相似文献
6.
目的随机双盲对照研究比较剖宫产手术中使用芬太尼和吗啡单独或联合进行罗派卡因蛛网蟆下腔阻滞效果差别。方法99例择期在0．75％罗哌卡因7．5mg蛛网膜下腔阻滞行剖宫产手术的产妇随机分配到三组；F组在蛛网膜下腔同时给与芬太尼15^ug，M组给与吗啡0．25mg，FM组给与芬太尼150^ug＋吗啡0．25mg，所有的产妇在手术以后给与病人自控镇痛系统（PCA）进行吗啡术后镇痛。结果各组在术中舒适度、麻黄碱消费量、恶心呕吐、瘙痒和镇静等方面没有显著的差异（p〉0．05）；F组和FM组与M组之间相比取得感觉阻滞效果时间有显著差异（p〈0．05）；F组和M组以及F和FM组之间，吗啡术后镇痛消耗量在4，8，12和24小时有显著的差异（p〈0．01），在2小时点，F组和FM组之间已有显著差异（p〈0．05）。结论与单独使用芬太尼比较，蛛网膜下腔吗啡与芬太尼合用可以提供更加良好的术后镇痛，与单独使用吗啡相比，蛛网膜下腔吗啡与芬太尼合用可以更快的建立阻滞平面；结果表明不同给药途径吗啡单独使用在手术后均能够提供良好的镇痛。 相似文献
7.
目的观察咪达唑仑预防腰-硬联合麻醉下妇科手术后恶心呕吐的效果。方法腰-硬联合麻醉妇科手术患者90例,随机分为M（咪达唑仑）组、G（格拉斯琼）组和NS组,手术结束时分别静注咪迭唑仑2mg,格拉斯琼3rag和生理盐水3ml,10min后开始硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）,观察病人术后24h内恶心呕吐和镇静情况。结果NS组患者恶心呕吐总发生率（56．7％）显著高于其他两组（P〈0．01）,M组（32．3％）和G组（24．1％）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。术后2h时M组镇静程度高于C组和NS组（P〈0．05）,但Ramsay评分均未超过3分;4h时3组病人镇静程度相近。结论腰-硬联合麻醉下行妇科手术的病人手术结束时静脉注射咪达唑仑2mg可以有效预防术后恶心呕吐,其效果和格拉斯琼3mg相似,且未表现出明显的镇静作用。 相似文献
8.
吗啡作为强效镇痛药已被临床上广泛应用于术后硬膜外镇痛 ,镇痛效果确切可靠。但由于可能发生恶心、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等并发症 ,常常给病人增加痛苦。为增强术后镇痛效果 ,减少吗啡并发症 ,我们采用吗啡与新斯的明合用的方法 ,临床效果确切 ,现报道如下。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 选择 180例择期子宫切除术或卵巢肿物切除术病人 ,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级 ,随机分为研究组和对照组两组 ,每组 90例。两组病人的一般情况和手术种类等基本相似 (P >0 .0 5 )。1.2 麻醉方法 麻醉前 30min肌肉注射鲁米那钠 0 .2、阿托品 0 .5mg。均选用连续硬膜外麻醉 ,穿… 相似文献
9.
目的 :探讨利多卡因与度冷丁混合施行硬膜外麻醉术后镇痛的临床效果。方法 :选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级不同手术病人 5 0例 ,行硬膜外利多卡因麻醉 ,术后保留硬膜外导管行PCEA ,设定单次药量 5ml/次 ,锁定时间 6 0min ,镇痛液为 0 .5 %利多卡因 10 0ml+度冷丁 10 0mg +麻黄素 5 0mg。观察术后镇痛效果 (VAS法 )及恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制、皮肤瘙痒等并发症情况。 结果 :全组病人均达到良好手术后镇痛效果 ,VAS评分 0～ 1分占 96 % ,2～ 3分占 4 % ,恶心、呕吐发生率均为 2 % ,无呼吸抑制和皮肤瘙痒。结论 :0 .5 %利多卡因和度冷丁混合应用于PCEA ,可取得良好临床镇痛效果 ,用药量小 ,并发症少 相似文献
10.
芬太尼在开胸手术后病人自控静脉镇痛中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
夏登云 《河北北方学院学报(医学版)》2008,25(2):24-25
目的:观察芬太尼在开胸手术后病人自控静脉镇痛中的镇痛效果及副反应情况。方法:60例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级择期开胸手术病人,随机分为芬太尼组和对照组,芬太尼组术后行自控静脉镇痛,镇痛药物为芬太尼10μg/mL,对照组根据患者要求肌注盐酸哌替啶50mg。记录比较镇痛效果、副反应及生命体征情况。结果:芬太尼组可获得有效的镇痛效果,VAS评分F组显著低于对照组,(P<0.05)。对照组副反应较多,恶心发生率最高(8例)。结论:芬太尼在开胸手术后病人自控静脉镇痛有确切的镇痛效果,镇痛安全确切,而且副反应较少,能够在术后镇痛方面得到更广泛地应用。 相似文献
11.
[目的]研究芬太尼、罗比卡因配伍用于硬膜外术后镇痛的临床效果及不良反应。[方法]ASAI-Ⅱ级择期直肠癌切除术患者60例,按术后硬膜外用药的不同随机分为两组,每组30例、Ⅰ级(观察组)术后硬膜外用药为2ml/h微量止痛泵加入0.2％罗比卡因100ml、芬太尼0.2mg,Ⅱ组(对照组)术后硬膜外用药为2ml/h微量止痛泵中入0.25％布比卡因100ml、芬太尼0.2mg术后行视觉模拟评分(VAS)(Visual analogue scale),BCS(bruggrmann comfort scale)舒适评分并观察不良反应发生情况。[结果]Ⅰ组VAS评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。BCS评分明显高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。两组均无术后不良反应发生。[结论]芬太尼、罗比卡因配伍硬膜持续应用可获得良好的术后镇痛效果。 相似文献
12.
Tolerance to morphine-induced hypoactivity in hamsters was investigated under conditions designed to test a Pavlovian conditioning model of morphine tolerance. One group of animals received i.p. injections of morphine (50 mg/kg) in the test environment and saline in the home cage; a second group received saline in the test environment and morphine in the home cage; a third group received saline in both environments. A subsequent morphine challenge in the test environment gave evidence of both associative and nonassociative tolerance. Associative tolerance was detectable 1 week later during a second morphine challenge. Compensatory hyperactivity, however, was not observed during a saline challenge in the presence of morphine-associated cues. Following the acquisition of tolerance, nonreinforced exposure to morphine-associated cues produced an attenuation of morphine tolerance (i.e., extinction of tolerance). The results are interpreted as providing partial support for the Pavlovian model and are discussed in terms of alternative associative models of tolerance. 相似文献
13.
MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AT THE EARLY STAGE OF CISPLATIN-INDUCED ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN RATS 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｉｓ ｄｉａｍｍｉｎｅｄｉｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｌａｔｉｎｕｍ (Ⅱ ) (Ｃｉｓ ｐｌａｔｉｎ)ｉｓａｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄａｎｔｉｎｅｏｐｌａｓｔｉｃａｇｅｎｔｔｈａｔｈａｓｎｅｐｈｒｏｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙａｓａｍａｊｏｒｄｏｓｅ ｌｉｍｉｔｉｎｇｓｉｄｅｅｆｆｅｃｔ.Ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｆｏｒｍｏｆｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ ｉｎ ｄｕｃｅｄｒｅｎａｌｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｉｓｎｏｎ ｏｌｉｇｕｒｉｃａｃｕｔｅｒｅｎａｌｆａｉｌｕｒｅ.Ｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｉｓｒｅｎａ… 相似文献
14.
目的:观察血塞通加尼莫地平治疗血栓性脑梗塞的疗效。方法:52例血栓性脑梗塞患者随机分为血塞通组和丹参组血塞通组28例,在病因治疗和常规治疗基础上,加用血塞通注射液500mg静滴,每日一次(加5％G．S或0．9N．S)及口服尼莫地平20mg每日三次。丹参组24例,病因治疗及常规治疗其础上加丹参20ml静滴每日一次(加5％G．S或0．9％N．S)。观察入选病例4周后临床症状变化及头颅CT改变。结果:血塞通组总有效率79％,丹参纽总有效率49．7％。结论:血塞通加尼莫地平可明显改善血栓性脑梗塞的症状。 相似文献
15.
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplanted into damaged rabbit heart to improve heart function 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
INTRODUCTION Congestive heart failure is the end stage of manycardiovascular diseases. Myocardial infarction (MI)is a life-threatening event that may cause suddencardiac death and heart failure. Despite considerableadvances in diagnosis and treatment of heart disease,cardiac dysfunction after MI is still the majorworldwide cardiovascular disorder. Damaged myo-cardium after acute MI is gradually replaced by fi-brotic noncontractile cells to form scar tissue. Thedeveloping ventricul… 相似文献
16.
The present study was undertaken to clarify the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure at the early stage.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given an intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg cisplatin. 0.9% saline was infused into them
at a rate of 2 ml/h for 3 h, starting with a 2-ml bolus injection before cisplatin administration. 3 h following cisplatin
administration, no evident morphological abnormalities were found by both light and electron microscopy; there were also no
significant changes in GFR. Thirty min after cisplatin injection, urine sodium and potassium excretion increased by 56% and
260% those of the control animals, respectively. Apparent renal mitochondrial respiration dysfunction was observed in cisplatintreated
rats 3 h later; the state 4 respiration increased by 100% and state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio and carbonyl
cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone-uncoupled respiration decreased by 46%, 74% and 47% of the controls, respectively.
The present data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a very early event in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure
in rats. 相似文献
17.
This study was carried out to elucidate the nephroprotective effects from a mixture of 8 L-amino acids and the possible mechanism
of protection by this amino acid mixture. Acute renal failure model was induced by an intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg
cisplatin to male Sprague-Dawley rats. A mixture of 8 L-amino acids or 0.9% saline was infused at a rate of 2 ml/h for 3 h,
starting with a 2 ml bolus injection before cisplatin administration. Amino acids showed no acute effect on renal morphology.
The infusion of a mixture of 8 L-amino acids increased GFR by 85% in control rats. The abnormalities of urine sodium and potassium
excretion caused by cisplatin were markedly attenuated by the administration of the amino acid mixture. With the infusion
of this amino acid mixture, cisplatin-induced abnormal state 4 respiration returned to control levels and the depressed state
3 respiration, respiratory control ratio and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone-uncoupled respiration were
ameliorated remarkably. A mixture of 8 L-amino acids showed marked nephroprotection against cisplatin-induced acute renal
failure in rats and might function through augmentation of the cisplatin-injured renal mitochondrial electron transport-oxidative
phosphorylation sequence, probably via stabilizing the membrane (including inner mitochondrial membrane) protein tertiary
structure. In addition, this amino acid mixture remarkably increased GFR and decreased urine sodium excretion in rats. 相似文献
18.
Chronic morphine drinking establishes morphine tolerance, but not addiction in Wistar rats 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Binsack R Zheng ML Zhang ZS Yang L Zhu YP 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(11):892-898
Objective： Some animal models apply morphine in the drinking water to generate addiction, but related reports are not free of conflicting results. Accordingly, this study aimed to figure out if chronic consumption of morphine in the drinking water can induce morphine addiction in Wistar rats. Methods： For 3 weeks, the animals received a daily morphine dose of 35 mg/kg by offering a calculated volume of sugar water （5% sucrose） with morphine （0. l mg/ml） to each rat; animals receiving just sugar water served as controls. Immediately after the treatment phase, the tail immersion test was used to check for morphine tolerance, and all animals were then kept on tap water for one week （withdrawal phase）. Afterwards, all rats were allowed to choose their drinking source by offering two bottles, containing sugar water without and with morphine, simultaneously for two days （preference phase）. Results： While the chronic consumption of morphine led to a reduction in body weight and to morphine tolerance, the morphine-treated Wistar rats did not show any preference for the opiate-containing sugar water. Conclusion： Body weight loss and tolerance do not reveal a condition of drug craving, and current animal models should be re-evaluated regarding their potential to establish morphine addicted animals. 相似文献
19.
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＡｃｕｔｅｒｅｎａｌｆａｉｌｕｒｅ(ＡＲＦ),ｕｓｕａｌｌｙｒｅｆｅｒｒｅｄｔｏａｓａｃｕｔｅｔｕｂｕｌａｒｎｅｃｒｏｓｉｓ,ｉｓａｃｏｍｍｏｎｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙａｎａｂｒｕｐｔａｎｄｓｕｓｔａｉｎｅｄｄｅｃｌｉｎｅｉｎｇｌｏｍｅｒｕｌａｒｆｉｌｔｒａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｒｅｓｕｌｔａｎｔａｚｏｔｅｍｉａ,ｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙａｃｕｔｅｉｓｃｈｅｍｉｃａｎｄ/ｏｒｔｏｘｉｃｉｎｊｕｒｉｅｓ.Ｉｔｉｓｎｏｔｉｍｍｅｄｉａｔｅｌｙｒｅｖｅｒｓｉｂｌｅｗｈｅｎｃａ… 相似文献