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不确定需求及WTP差异下的再制造回收模式选择 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在新产品及再制造产品的需求均为不确定的情形下,考虑了两种产品之间消费者支付意愿的差异性,分别建立了制造商回收、零售商回收及第三方回收三种不同回收模式下的再制造闭环供应链模型,并给出求解的优化条件,然后利用数值仿真对三种回收模型进行了求解和比较分析。结果表明,制造商主导的再制造闭环供应链中,第三方回收模式下制造商利润最高,制造商回收模式下新产品及再制造产品的零售价均最低,制造商利润、零售商利润及渠道总利润随再制造产品的消费者支付意愿的增加先减少后增加。 相似文献
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本文研究了强势零售商的存在对再制造闭环供应链回收模式的影响.建立了三种再制造闭环供应链博弈模型.对这三种闭环供应链模型进行了比较分析.研究发现:当零售商之间差异化程度较高时,强势和弱势零售商偏好于零售商负责回收模式,而制造商偏好于制造商负责回收模式;而当零售商之间差异化程度较低时,强势和弱势零售商偏好于制造商(或第3方)负责回收模式,而制造商偏好于零售商负责回收模式. 相似文献
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研究考虑政府不同补贴模式的闭环供应链定价决策问题,构建政府实施再制造补贴和回收补贴两种模式下的闭环供应链定价决策模型,分析政府不同补贴模式对新产品定价及废旧产品回收的影响。研究表明政府的再制造补贴及回收补贴均会促使制造商和零售商降低新产品价格、第三方提高废旧产品回收率,且有利于增加闭环供应链成员及系统整体的利润。较之再制造补贴,政府的回收补贴机制更有利于提高废旧产品回收率。当单位再制造收益大于单位回收收益时,回收补贴机制更有利于降低新产品零售价格、提高市场需求。无论政府实施何种补贴机制,制造商总能获得最多的渠道利润,而第三方的获利总是最少。 相似文献
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在制造商受专利保护的条件下,建立含有一个能自行回收的制造商及一个具有再制造能力的回收商的闭环供应链模型。采用Stackelberg博弈、Kuhn-tucker条件等方法研究了两种策略不授权再制造(策略S)及授权回收商进行再制造(策略D)之后,通过算例分析,讨论再制造所节约的成本和单位专利费用对闭环供应链参与者利润及决策的影响。结果表明,再制品供不应求的市场中,只有当回收商再制造成本低于制造商时,制造商才会授权其进行再制造。 相似文献
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以生态效益最大化为决策准则,分析制造商负责回收、零售商负责回收和第三方负责回收3种模式的最优回收率、产品价格和企业利润,得出零售商回收模式相对最佳。在再制造活动经济与不经济两种情况下,对3种模式的整体绩效进行比较,得出再制造节约对系统影响较大,政府应采取措施激励制造商通过产品创新设计出可再制造水平高的产品,实现企业、社会和环境的多赢。 相似文献
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在碳排放背景下,考虑第三方回收服务水平,构建了零售商驱动的第三方回收低碳闭环供应链模型,分析研究了制造商碳减排能力、产品减排率敏感系数、政府碳减排技术补贴政策、政府碳税政策、回收便捷敏感系数对闭环供应链的影响作用.结果表明:①制造商碳减排率和政府碳减排技术补贴的提升能够降低影子制造成本和零售价,提高制造商和零售商的利润,碳税作用与之相反.②产品减排率敏感系数的增加会抬高零售价、制造商和零售商的利润,提高企业碳减排的积极性与主动性.③回收便捷敏感系数的增大会降低废旧产品的回收价格,提升第三方回收服务水平,提高回收量,提高制造商和第三方回收商的利润.最后以低碳闭环供应链集中决策模型为标杆,设计"收益共享+费用共担"契约实现闭环供应链的协调. 相似文献
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在知识产权保护下,原始制造商为获得再制造带来的收益和降低再制造市场竞争优势,针对再制造会采取授权再制造模式。同时,政府为促进再制造产业发展和消费者购买再制造产品,对再制造商采取补贴策略。为分析知识产权保护下政府补贴对再制造影响,本文基于授权再制造构建两周期政府通过补贴参与下的再制造闭环供应链博弈模型,分析政府补贴对再制造闭环供应链纳什均衡最优解的影响。主要研究结论表明:政府采取补贴时,再制造商为满足市场需求和获取更多的补贴,会努力回收废旧产品,使废旧产品回收数量大于政府不采取补贴时废旧产品回收数量,最终使废旧产品收率变大;政府补贴时,政府补贴可以弥补部分再制造商生产成本,这时,再制造商会采取"薄利多销"策略来提高消费者购买再制造产品,进而增加再制造产品销售量,但是,原始制造可以通过授权再制造获得再制造带来收益,也即原始制造商可以通过授权再制造弥补新产品因市场竞争导致新产品收益减少,最终使原始制造商收益不仅没有变小,还大于市场上无再制造时收益;无论是再制造产品或新产品,其销售量增加都会使其对环境造成的影响增加,因此,政府采取补贴政策时,要综合考虑单位再制造对环境影响降低量,因为,当单位再制造产品对环境造成影响减少较低时,政府补贴会使两种产品对环境影响总和变大;政府补贴降低消费者购买再制造产品成本,最终使消费者获得的剩余变大。 相似文献
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为分析竞争环境对企业再制造决策的影响,应用博弈论方法,建立了古诺竞争环境中,两制造商的制造/再制造决策模型,并进行求解。根据模型结果,分析了再制造决策对竞争双方再制造成本的敏感性,比较了各均衡下的最优决策,并与垄断环境下的决策进行对比。研究表明:在竞争环境中,任何一方再制造成本的下降可同时提高两制造商的回收再制造率及本企业产品的市场份额,且使得市场出清价格下降,但由于缺乏规模效应,竞争机制的引入不利于企业提高产品回收再制造率。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献