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1.
胫腓骨(即小腿骨)疲劳性骨膜炎是一种在田径运动员,尤其是中长跑、竞走运动员中经常发生的运动创伤。一旦发生这种运动创伤,就会影响运动训练的顺利进行及运动成绩的提高。 胫腓骨疲劳性骨膜炎发生的主要部位是胫骨下三分之一内缘和前 相似文献
2.
1．力量训练的方法
1．1沙地跑训练
沙地跑训练对中长跑运动员的益处很多，不少世界级优秀中长跑运动员都曾将沙地跑做为力量训练计划的一个重要内容。在沙地跑的训练中，运动员以较慢的速度就能使心血管系统和股肉系统同时承受力竭负荷，这也是其他训练不可能具有的功能。因此运动员只要做较少的练习便可取得明显的效果。如果运动员谨慎地对待沙地跑训练，那他们还能在受伤可能性较小的情况下以多种练习形式进行训练。沙地跑训练能使运动员的身体更加强，从而有利于运动员掌握一种能使跑步动作产生更好的生物力学效果的跑步技术。而且，在草地、沙地和泥土地上进行跑步训练具有力量训练的功能。中长跑运动员都应在训练和比赛后，赤脚在松软的地面上进行一些慢跑练习， 相似文献
3.
中长跑运动员是运动性贫血的高危人群,是影响中长跑运动员成绩提高的重要因素之一。中长跑运动员运动性贫血重在预防,因为运动性贫血一旦发生,在短时间内很难恢复。本文通过文献综述法,为中长跑运动员提供积极有效的预防运动性贫血的措施。 相似文献
4.
中长跑运动员的速度知觉 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
聂志强 《沈阳体育学院学报》1998,(3)
通过对40名中长跑运动员速度感测试．结果显示中长跑运动员速度感主要是依靠对动作频率的辨别能力,同时发现中跑与长跑运动员的提速方式不同,并认为速度感是能够培养的。本研究对提高中、长跑运动员技战术水平,提高专项成绩均具有意义。 相似文献
5.
本文运用生物力学原理,剖析了世界优秀中长跑运动员全脚掌着地的“滚动式”着地技术的力学机制,认为它比我国传统的前脚掌着地技术更为经济合理、节省能量、实效性强,并提出了进行滚动式着地技术教学与训练的基本方法。 相似文献
6.
中长跑运动员速度感的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文通过对40名中长跑运动员速度感测试,结果显示中长跑运动员速度感主要是依靠对动作频率的辨别能力,同时发现中跑运动员与长跑运动员的提速方式不同,并指出速度感是能够培养的。 相似文献
7.
试析我国男女中长跑运动员成绩差异的原因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
林红 《沈阳体育学院学报》2000,(3):24-25
通过对我国部分中长跑运动员的绝对速度、速度耐力和速度的合理分配以及如何应用“人才群体”进行了资料调查。对我国男子中长跑运动员与世界优秀中长跑运动员之间的差异和我国男、女中长跑运动员之间所存在的差异进行比较、分析 ,提出看法和建议。 相似文献
8.
世界优秀中长跑运动员比赛心理战术分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用文献资料、录像观察、调查访问和比较分析等方法,通过典型事例,分析研究了世界优秀中长跑运动员比赛心理战术,阐明了中长跑运动员比赛心理战术的重要性.丰富了中长跑运动员比赛战术的理论与方法,为我国中长跑运动员在重大国际性比赛中获得最佳运动成绩和名次提供参考. 相似文献
9.
1987年苏联教育学博士纳查罗夫在苏联《体育理论与实践》第12期上发表一篇题为《用生物力学刺激法发展运动员的力量素质》的文章.在这篇文章中,作者将受试组分成四个组,每组各10人.两组是年龄为18-22岁的体操运动员,两组是同年龄的中长跑运动员.每个专项组中一组是实验组,一组是对照组. 相似文献
10.
近来中长跑运动员的速度训练应引起教练员、运动员的高度重视。当今的中长跑运动员在比赛中往往都是到最后几十米或几米才见分晓,可见速度的快慢决定着运动员最后冲刺能力,是取得好成绩的重要一环。对采用什么手段和方法更能有效地提高中长跑运动员的速度,运动员在比赛中速度的实际变化如何,在耐力跑过程中是否应该注重速度问题。教练员们之间各抒己见。笔者对中长跑运动员绝对速度进行研究,提出加强和重视中长跑运动员绝对速度训练的重要性,对中长跑速度训练问题提出几点看法与同行们共同探讨。 相似文献
11.
文章通过对32名足球运动员,106名足球爱好者运动损伤的调查分析,发现疲劳性胫骨骨膜炎的发病率很高,特别是足球运动员该病的发病率更高。发病的部位以胫骨中段和下段较多,特别是中、下1/3交界处发病率更高。文章就此还对胫骨的形态结构、生理机能进行分析与研究,得出疲劳性胫骨骨膜炎的发病部位在中、下1/3交界处发生最多主要是由胫骨的解剖生理学的特点所决定的,因而应据此做出防治原则和措施。 相似文献
12.
Kawamoto R Ishige Y Watarai K Fukashiro S 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2002,1(2):167-186
The purpose of this study was to determine primary factors that contribute to the magnitude of the maximum torsional moment on the tibia during running based on information from three-dimensional shank kinematics and ground reaction forces. Eight male subjects were asked to run along a straight track at 5.0 m s-1. Data were collected using two high-speed cameras and a force platform. Each subject's left foot and tibia were modelled as a system of coupled rigid bodies. First, net axial moments acting at both ends of the tibia were calculated using inverse dynamics. Then the tibial torsional moment was determined from the quasi-equilibrium balance of the net tibial axial moments. Our results showed considerable inter-individual variations for the tibial torsional moment during the stance phase of running. The maximum torsional moment reflecting external rotational loading of the proximal tibia was significantly correlated with the outward tilt angle of the shank in the frontal plane (r = 0.78, p < 0.05) and with the vertical force of ground reaction (r = 0.70, p < 0.05). In conclusion, lowering tibial torsional loading by interventions based on the present findings may lead to the reduction of running injuries that occur in athletes' tibiae. 相似文献
13.
Ryuji Kawamoto Yusuke Ishige Koji Watarai Senshi Fukashiro 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):167-186
The purpose of this study was to determine primary factors that contribute to the magnitude of the maximum torsional moment on the tibia during running based on information from three‐dimensional shank kinematics and ground reaction forces. Eight male subjects were asked to run along a straight track at 5.0 m s‐1. Data were collected using two high‐speed cameras and a force platform. Each subject's left foot and tibia were modelled as a system of coupled rigid bodies. First, net axial moments acting at both ends of the tibia were calculated using inverse dynamics. Then the tibial torsional moment was determined from the quasi‐equilibrium balance of the net tibial axial moments. Our results showed considerable inter‐individual variations for the tibial torsional moment during the stance phase of running. The maximum torsional moment reflecting external rotational loading of the proximal tibia was significantly correlated with the outward tilt angle of the shank in the frontal plane (r = 0.78, p <0.05) and with the vertical force of ground reaction (r = 0.70, p <0.05). In conclusion, lowering tibial torsional loading by interventions based on the present findings may lead to the reduction of running injuries that occur in athletes’ tibiae. 相似文献
14.
目的：通过比较不同形式的运动训练对生长期大鼠血清及胫骨IGF—Ⅰ水平的影响，进而探讨运动影响骨生长发育的可能机理，同时为青少年选择合理的身高助长运动处方提供一定理论依据。方法：采用4周龄雌性Wistar大鼠，各运动组分别进行9周跑台、跳跃、游泳训练，检测下列指标：1．胫骨、股骨长度；2．血清IGF-Ⅰ水平；3．胫骨TGF—Ⅰ水平。结果：跑组、跳组大鼠下肢骨长度明显大于游泳组和对照组；各训练组血清IGF—Ⅰ水平与对照组相比均无显著性差异；跑组、跳组胫骨IGF-Ⅰ水平明显高于对照组和游泳组。结论：本实验采用的跑台、跳跃训练明显促进下肢骨纵向生长：血清IGF-Ⅰ水平相对稳定，受运动训练影响不明显；骨组织IGF—Ⅰ水平受运动训练影响显著。本研究结果提示运动中下肢骨承重及受力大小与其纵向生长有关，运动可引起骨组织IGF—Ⅰ水平升高，骨中IGF—Ⅰ水平可能是影响骨生长的重要因素。 相似文献
15.
Alberto Encarnación-Martínez Antonio García-Gallart Ana M. Gallardo Juan A. Sánchez-Sáez. Javier Sánchez-Sánchez 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2018,17(2):251-260
The third generation of artificial turf systems (ATS) has matched the mechanical behaviour of natural grass, but today a high heterogeneity at structural level and mechanical behaviour in the new ATS also exists. The objective was to analyse the effect of the structural components of ATS football pitches and running speed on the capacity of impact attenuation. A total of 12 athletes were evaluated at three speed conditions (3.33 m/s, 4 m/s and maximum speed) on four different ATS, classifying them by their components (length of fibre, type of in-fill and sub-base). Impact attenuation was significantly higher in ATS3, characterised by longer fibre compared to other ATS with less fibre length. The ATS4 with a higher length fibre and built on compacted granular material proportioned significantly lower values in the maximum peaks of tibia acceleration. Finally, as speed increases, the peak tibia impacts were significantly higher. Longer fibre length and the capacity to accommodate a higher quantity of infill facilitate higher impact attenuation. Equally, a compacted granular sub-base is related to lower magnitude of maximum tibia peaks. Finally, the magnitude of the tibia acceleration peaks is dependent of running speed for all ATS analysed, being higher as speed increases. 相似文献
16.
优秀武术运动员指定动作训练损伤的调查分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采取填表和座谈两种方式对武术专业５３ 名优秀运动员指定动作训练损伤及其它损伤进行了调查,结果表明,武术运动员损伤以膝、踝关节、胫骨膜、腰肌、小腿肌内为主;动作难度大,身体素质要求高是指定性动作损伤的主要原因;落地支撑腿的膝、踝关节损伤、胫骨膜炎症等疲劳性疾病,与指定动作练习有关,局部负重过大、过度疲劳、身体素质不够等,是构成指定动作训练损伤的主要因素。 相似文献
17.
目的:探讨运动干预对内源性二甲基精氨酸二甲胺水解酶(DDAH)活性及表达的影响。方法:3月龄雌性SD大鼠110只,切除双侧卵巢制造骨质疏松模型。6周后,每组随机选2只大鼠处死,取胫骨上段骨组织,观察模型复制情况。模型复制成后,随机分为5组:对照组,骨质疏松组,低、中、高运动组(游泳)组,正常饲养8周。饲养14周后处死,采集股骨和胫骨组织,经匀浆得酶匀浆。在酶匀浆中的DDAH与ADMA反应,比色测定DDAH的酶活性;用SDS-聚丙烯烯胺凝胶电泳及Western blotting印迹分析法测定二甲基精氨酸二甲胺水解酶表达。结果:骨质疏松组大鼠骨组织的NO、NOS含量均低于对照组和运动组。对照组及3个运动组的大鼠骨组织DDAH的酶活性高于骨质疏松组;不同运动量实验组的骨组织NO、NOS含量和DDAH的酶活性之间无统计学差异。结论:运动会增加骨组织的NO、NOS含量,但并不会影响DDAH的表达;骨质疏松的发生与DDAH的活性下降有关。 相似文献
18.
Football shin guards were evaluated against a kick from a studded boot.The bending stiffness of their shells, and their response
when impacted by a stud, were assessed using finite element analysis (FEA) and determined experimentally.A test rig was constructed
with the leg muscle simulated by flexible foam, with the force distribution along the tibia and to the lateral muscle measured
using flexible force sensors.High-speed photography confirmed deformation mechanisms predicted by FEA.Load spreading from
the stud impact site correlated with the guard shell bending stiffness.The best guards use shells of complex shape to increase
their transverse bending stiffness. 相似文献
19.
Angel Gabriel Lucas-Cuevas Alberto Encarnación-Martínez Andrés Camacho-García Salvador Llana-Belloch Pedro Pérez-Soriano 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(17):1734-1738
Tibial accelerations have been associated with a number of running injuries. However, studies attaching the tibial accelerometer on the proximal section are as numerous as those attaching the accelerometer on the distal section. This study aimed to investigate whether accelerometer location influences acceleration parameters commonly reported in running literature. To fulfil this purpose, 30 athletes ran at 2.22, 2.78 and 3.33 m · s–1 with three accelerometers attached with double-sided tape and tightened to the participants’ tolerance on the forehead, the proximal section of the tibia and the distal section of the tibia. Time-domain (peak acceleration, shock attenuation) and frequency-domain parameters (peak frequency, peak power, signal magnitude and shock attenuation in both the low and high frequency ranges) were calculated for each of the tibial locations. The distal accelerometer registered greater tibial acceleration peak and shock attenuation compared to the proximal accelerometer. With respect to the frequency-domain analysis, the distal accelerometer provided greater values of all the low-frequency parameters, whereas no difference was observed for the high-frequency parameters. These findings suggest that the location of the tibial accelerometer does influence the acceleration signal parameters, and thus, researchers should carefully consider the location they choose to place the accelerometer so that equivalent comparisons across studies can be made. 相似文献
20.
目的：探讨不同强度运动及运动与雌激素联合作用对去卵巢大鼠胫骨骨量的影响与机制。方法：80只3月龄雌性SD大鼠去卵巢分成：正常对照组（SHAM）、骨质疏松对照组（OVX）、雌激素对照组（OVX＋ES）、3个单纯运动组（低强度运动组（OVX＋EX1）、中等强度运动组（OVX＋EX2）、大强度运动组（OVX＋EX3））以及3个运动与雌激素联合组（低强度运动加雌激素组（OVX＋EX1十ES）、中等强度运动加雌激素组（OVX＋EX2＋ES）、大强度运动加雌激素组（OVX＋EX3＋ES）），用骨形态计量学方法，研究8周的1h／day，5days／week低强度（8m/min）、中等强度（18m/min）和大强度（28m/min）跑台运动对大鼠胫骨近端（PTM）松质骨骨量的影响。结果：（1）OVX组骨量由于骨代谢增加比SHAM组降低（P〈0.05），而补充雌激素后骨丢失减少。（2）单纯运动对骨量的影响：与OVX组比较，OVX＋EX1组和OVX＋EX2组胫骨的骨吸收减少（P〈0.05）、骨形成增加、骨量增加（EX2比EX1增加更多），OVX＋EX3与OVX组差异无显著性意义。（3）3个联合组均比雌激素对照组和各自强度的单纯运动组骨量增多（P〈0.05）。结论：去卵巢大鼠胫骨对运动的反应与是否补充雌激素有关，激素和运动在减少骨量丢失中具有协同作用。 相似文献