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1.
《Research Policy》2022,51(1):104393
In this paper we draw a parallel between the insights developed within the framework of the current COVID-19 health crisis and the views and insights developed with respect to the long term environmental crisis, the implications for science, technology and innovation (STI) policy, Christopher Freeman analyzed already in the early 90′s. With at the time of writing, the COVID-19 pandemic entering in many countries a third wave with a very differentiated implementation path of vaccination across rich and poor countries, drawing such a parallel remains of course a relatively speculative exercise. Nevertheless, based on the available evidence of the first wave of the pandemic, we feel confident that some lessons from the current health crisis and its parallels with the long-term environmental crisis can be drawn. The COVID-19 pandemic has also been described as a “syndemic”: a term popular in medical anthropology which marries the concept of ‘synergy’ with ‘epidemic’ and provides conceptually an interesting background for these posthumous Freeman reflections on crises. The COVID-19 crisis affects citizens in very different and disproportionate ways. It results not only in rising structural inequalities among social groups and classes, but also among generations. In the paper, we focus on the growing inequality within two particular groups: youngsters and the impact of COVID-19 on learning and the organization of education; and as mirror picture, the elderly many of whom witnessed despite strict confinement in long-term care facilities, high mortality following the COVID-19 outbreak. From a Freeman perspective, these inequality consequences of the current COVID-19 health crisis call for new social STI policies: for a new “corona version” of inclusion versus exclusion. 相似文献
2.
技术创新是出口企业提高国际竞争力的重要战略,而技术创新的关键在于对其特性和形成原因的科学把握。本文在对企业技术创新的理论分析的基础上,运用多元统计和面板数据模型,以非出口企业、FDI企业为对照组,实证研究了中国上市出口企业技术创新异质性与影响因素。研究发现中国出口企业技术创新具有明显的异质性;研发资本投入、研发人力投入、企业冗余资源、技术装备程度、国有股权比例、股权集中度和企业规模对出口企业技术创新产出的作用具有类型异质性和大小差异性。研究结果可为中国出口企业技术创新决策提供参考。 相似文献
3.
To successfully generate more valuable technologies from accessing basic research knowledge, firms need to combine institutional and individual level bridges to universities and research institutes active in basic research. This combination is particularly important when the new technology builds on scientific prior art. While mobile inventors are needed to transfer and translate basic knowledge into new technologies, partnerships provide the commitment, resources and incentive structure to integrate this basic research knowledge more effectively into the firm’s innovation process, thus improving the value capture from mobile inventors. Our findings in the micro-electronics field illustrate the importance of jointly accounting for firm and inventor level industry-science links to assess their effectiveness and provides evidence on complementarity from using both. Furthermore, identifying the scientific nature of the technology projects critically determines whether the combination of these links allow to capture more value. 相似文献
4.
This paper studies the role of technology standards in firms’ product innovation in terms of both incremental innovation (within a technology life cycle) and radical innovation (beyond the present technology cycle). We first develop a theoretical model which predicts that technology standards can be used by firms as an “insurance” hedging against the risky process of developing new products. This insurance mechanism fosters incremental innovation and product growth especially for those further away from the technological frontier. Using data from a weighted panel of UK manufacturing firms over seven years, we find that the use of technology standards over past years significantly enables a firm’s incremental innovation while also reducing its incentive to deliver radical innovation. Additionally, we show that this relationship is contingent on a firm’s R&D intensity in line with predictions of our theoretical model. 相似文献
5.
研究企业“走出去”寻求更高技术对生产率提升具有重要意义。基于对外直接投资（OFDI）技术寻求动机视角采用中国OFDI企业数据对此实证研究。结果表明：（1）OFDI技术寻求动机越强跨国企业生产率越高,即向技术创新水平越高的国家投资越能够提高企业生产率。（2）OFDI技术寻求动机对企业生产率的影响不仅具有企业异质性而且在东道国与地区异质性上也存在差异。由此,本文认为向技术创新水平越高的国家投资寻求更高技术可成为提升企业生产率的重要途径;同时,企业实施“走出去”寻求技术应考虑异质性影响,做到分类实施。 相似文献
6.
本文研究大中型制造业的19个行业技术获取效率及其影响因素.首先对我国19个制造行业近10年的技术获取投入变化特征进行了分析,运用改进的DEA模型测度了我国19个制造行业技术获取效率,就影响技术获取效率的内部因素进行了计量分析.结果表明,制造业样本行业的技术对外依存度总体上呈减弱趋势,2004年前后,绝大部分样本行业递减幅度较大;技术对内依存度除少部分行业呈现一定趋势外,绝大部分行业无明显变化特征.在分析的12年中,绝大部分样本行业的技术获取并未获得有效产出,有效产出行业数占19个分析行业数的平均比例仅为23%,且呈区间特点,即1996—1997年、1998—2004年和2005—2007年3个时段有效行业数相对集中;部分行业保持持续的高效率.在影响技术获取效率的内部影响因素中,创新实力为关键影响因素. 相似文献
7.
创新网络技术多元化知识基础与企业创新绩效 《科学学研究》2022,40(9):1698-1709
在新一轮科技革命浪潮下,企业组建创新联合体成为大势所趋。合作创新网络中的多元化技术已经成为企业创新的关键外部资源,但关于创新网络技术多元化如何影响企业创新绩效的研究仍然缺乏,且现有研究往往忽略企业内外部资源的不同组合对企业创新绩效可能产生的差异性影响。文章融合社会网络理论、知识基础理论与动态能力理论,依据信息技术产业上市公司联合申请专利数据构建合作创新网络,采用面板数据随机效应负二项回归法,从个体网络视角分析创新网络技术多元化影响企业创新绩效的权变因素与内在机制,检验了一个被中介的调节效应模型。研究结果表明：创新网络技术多元化正向影响企业创新绩效;企业知识基础深度正向调节创新网络技术多元化与企业创新绩效的关系,而企业知识基础宽度的调节效应并不显著;企业知识基础深度对创新网络技术多元化与企业创新绩效关系的调节通过吸收能力的中介实现。研究结论对企业技术创新具有重要的理论及现实指导意义。 相似文献
8.
制造业服务化是世界制造业发展趋势。以供给侧结构性改革为背景,针对制造业服务化探讨了企业人均能源消耗、产业链升级、创新能力对企业生产率的共同影响机制。研究发现：制造业服务化与企业生产率正相关,但受到企业人均能源消耗的负向调节作用。同时,产业结构调整与企业创新能力强化了制造业服务化与企业生产率之间的正向关系。结论对供给侧结构性改革下的中国企业转型升级具有理论价值与实践启示。 相似文献
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10.
企业环境创新是企业的重要创新要素,与技术创新、管理创新、组织创新、制度创新等处于同等的地位.在对企业环境、环境创新与创新环境概念界定基础上,分析了企业作为环境创新的主体之一,企业可以主动影响、选择、改变与创新环境的主要途径,提出了企业环境创新对企业绩效影响的基本假设框架. 相似文献
11.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):113-149
This paper explores the impact of a specific R&D policy instrument, the Italian Fondo per le Agevolazioni della Ricerca (FAR), on industrial R&D and technological output at the firm level. Our objective is threefold: first, to identify the presence or absence of private R&D investment additionality/crowding-out within a pooled sample and in various firm subsets (identified by region, size, level of technology, and other features), while also taking into account the effect of single policy instruments or mixes of them. Secondly, to analyse the output (innovation) additionality by comparing the differential impact of privately funded R&D and publicly funded R&D expenditure on applications for patents filed by firms. Thirdly, the paper will compare the structural characteristics of firms showing additionality with those of firms showing crowding-out, in order to determine the firm characteristics associated with successful policy interventions. Our results suggest that FAR is effective in the pooled sample, although no effect emerges in some firm subsets. In particular, while large firms seem to have been decisive for the success of this policy, small firms present a more marked crowding-out effect. Furthermore, the firms’ growth strategies and ability to transform R&D input into innovation output (patents) seem to have a positive effect in terms of additionality. 相似文献
12.
While open innovation provides a new paradigm to sustain a firm’s competitive advantage, opening up to external knowledge also entails substantial risks of appropriation and opportunism. Building on this “open paradox” framework, this study investigates whether societal trust—a key aspect of informal cultural norms—serves as an effective mechanism in improving relational governance among partners, thereby leading to better collaborative outcomes. Using a novel panel data on co-owned patents across 29 countries, we show that firms in high trust countries are able to produce a higher level of joint output (i.e., co-owned patents). This effect is more pronounced when perceived opportunism is higher (i.e., firms in high-tech industries, or in countries with less disclosure transparency), and when formal contracts are less enforceable (i.e., in countries with relatively weak legal systems). We further show that open innovation is the channel through which societal trust promotes innovative efficiency. Overall, our study establishes societal trust as a key factor in influencing the efficiency of open innovation. 相似文献
13.
基于浙江省数百家高科技企业的创新管理数据,本研究发现领导者创新意识确立、创新文化建设、创新制度完善、研发机构设立、研发经费投入以及产学研项目合作是企业推进创新工作的主要方式。实证检验结果显示创新软环境对于企业技术进步、效益提升和创新能力均有显著的积极影响,研发机构建设对企业技术进步和效益提升均有显著贡献,研发资金投入则对企业技术进步有显著正向影响。当企业面临激烈的市场竞争时,创新软环境对企业创新能力提升有更为积极的促进作用,同时产学研合作对于企业效益提升与创新能力表现出显著的正向影响。本研究进一步调查分析影响企业技术创新绩效的主要因素以及目前企业所面临的最大的困难,更为全面的展示当下我国高科技企业的创新与发展现状。 相似文献
14.
《Research Policy》2019,48(7):1798-1808
Much has been said about the role that technological networking activities play on the innovative performance of firms, but little is known about how the regional context influences the efficiency of such networking activities. In this paper we hypothesize that the transformation of firms’ networking activities into innovation may vary depending on the regional environment in which the firm is located. For Spanish manufactures in the period 2000-12 and through the use of a multilevel framework, we obtain that after controlling for the firm’s characteristics, the regional context has not only a direct effect on firms’ innovation performance, but it also conditions the returns to firms’ networking activities, although differently in the case of cooperation and outsourcing. Cooperating in innovation activities is more beneficial for those firms located in a knowledge intensive region, whereas R&D outsourcing seems to be more profitable for firms in regions with a low knowledge pool. 相似文献
15.
This study updates the debate on the sources of innovation. Using techniques like factor analysis, multidimensional scaling, and pathfinder analysis, we examine the most influential articles that have dealt with the topic. Our analysis provides three main findings. The first more precisely highlights the role of demand as a source of innovation. The second illustrates how competences enable firms to match technology with demand and capitalize on technology and demand as sources of innovation. The third unveils a distinction between external and internal sources of innovations. The sources of innovation can be purely external or internally generated competences that enable the firm to integrate external knowledge within its boundaries. Our work contributes to the classic debate by providing a more granular understanding of how technology and demand interact. In discussing our findings, we link our framework to strategy, innovation and entrepreneurship studies that expressly call for a better understanding of technology and demand factors in value creation and capture. 相似文献
16.
以技术标准为纽带构建创新生态系统,有助于促进系统内协作R&D,优化资源配置,进而提供创新生态系统价值共创的新路径。研究从“产品市场-技术市场”双维联合分析视角,探讨了中国信息产业上市公司营造技术标准化创新生态系统推动企业销售增长的深层次机理。研究发现：营造技术标准化创新生态系统与企业核心技术开发及产品营销行为具有显著的耦合效应。高科技企业营造技术标准化创新生态系统,有助于完善技术依存体系,激发同一技术范式的直接网络效应,推动本企业核心技术向产品转化;技术标准化创新生态系统还通过协调互补配套产品技术关系,激发间接网络效应,有助于强化企业的产品营销效果,推动企业销售增长。 相似文献
17.
Whereas recent scholarly research has provided many insights about universities engaging in commercial activities, there is still little empirical evidence regarding the opposite phenomenon of companies disseminating scientific knowledge. Our paper aims to fill this gap and explores the motivations of firms that disclose research outcomes in a scientific format. Besides considering a dimension internal to the firm, we focus particularly on knowledge sourcing from academic institutions and the appropriability regime. We conduct an econometric analysis with firm-level data from the fourth edition of the French innovation survey (CIS) and matched scientific publications for a sample of 2512 R&D performing firms from all manufacturing sectors. This analysis provides evidence that firms are more likely to adopt academic principles if they need to access scientific knowledge that is considered important for their innovation development, whereas the mere existence of collaborative links with academic institutions is not a strong determinant. Furthermore, the results suggest that the inclination of firms to publish is sensitive to the level of knowledge spillovers in a sector and the effectiveness of legal appropriation instruments. 相似文献
18.
Knowledge base combinations and firm growth 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The link between knowledge and firm growth has been a core topic in economics of innovation for a long time. However, despite strong theoretical arguments, empirical evidence remains inconclusive. One important reason for this conundrum may be the failure of standard indicators to capture firm innovation activities comprehensively. We contribute to overcoming this limitation by looking in the knowledge processes that drive variegated forms of innovation and aim thereby to establish a solid relationship with firm growth in more detail. Our arguments draw on the differentiated knowledge base approach, distinguishing between analytical, synthetic, and symbolic knowledge. We measure the three types of knowledge bases with detailed longitudinal linked-employer-employee micro-data from Sweden. Econometric findings based on a very large sample of small and medium-sized firms indicate significantly positive effects of the three knowledge types, and in particular combinations thereof, on firm growth. In addition, we show that not only high-growth but also slow-growth firms benefit immensely from the use of combinatory knowledge bases. We find evidence on a curvilinear relation between knowledge bases and growth of firms. Beyond certain thresholds increasing the knowledge bases further results in decreasing firm growth. Our results remain robust in a wide range of specifications and econometric models. 相似文献
19.
《Information processing & management》2023,60(1):103117
Information asymmetry in different service products is lacking research. Tourism e-commerce as a dynamic financial market driven by advanced information technology deepens the concern for asymmetry brought to hotel consumers. COVID-19 provides a natural intervention on market asymmetry in the hotel price information, which effects are worth evaluating. This study therefore evaluates the degree of information asymmetry in terms of the lodging price of international tourist hotels (ITHs). Through applying the concept of stochastic frontier approach (SFA), this study estimates the degree of information asymmetry and the inefficiencies. The estimation results indicate that the hotel location, traveler type, operation type may cause different information asymmetry. By comparing with the asymmetry before the pandemic, it is found that the asymmetry in lodging price information decreased since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the six regions studied, the mean range of information equity degree increased from the original 0.634-0.832 to 0.7633-0.866. It indicates that the outbreak of COVID-19 changed the structure of the consumer groups in hotel operations and then affect the hotelier's pricing strategy. 相似文献
20.
新兴技术往往具有很大的不确定性、风险性和模糊性,在此情况下,新兴企业如何进行技术整合、探索新的技术领域;更具体地,这些企业如何构建自己的技术空间,到底是应该和行业的技术空间保持一致性呢,还是保持差异性？本文聚焦于"新兴企业如何构建技术空间"这一问题,从企业技术能力及其组合的角度切入,以489家战略性新兴产业企业为样本,研究发现,在不同的企业技术能力组合情境中,企业-行业的技术空间异质性对企业绩效具有差异化的影响。具体而言,在核心技术能力高、一般技术能力高的情境中,技术空间异质性对新兴企业绩效有显著的正向影响;在核心技术能力高、一般技术能力低的情境中,技术空间异质性与新兴企业绩效间呈倒U型关系;在企业核心技术能力低的情境中,无论新兴企业的一般能力是高还是低,技术空间异质性对新兴企业绩效均有显著的负向影响。本文的研究从技术能力组合的视角拓展了技术空间异质性的研究,也为新兴企业的技术空间构建问题提供启示。 相似文献