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1.
《欧洲教育》2013,45(2):43-60
The recent White Paper on The Government's Expenditure Plans 1983/84 to 1985/86 (Cmnd 8789)1 says that "provision for higher education beyond 1985/86 when the age groups will be falling is to be reviewed." This report, which is issued with the agreement of the Scottish Education Department and the Welsh Office, presents the latest projections produced by the Department of Education and Science [DES] of the demand for higher education to the year 2000 in the light of the expected output from schools and colleges of those qualified for entry. The report gives historical series of student numbers, entrants and participation rates and explains the construction of the demand projections. On the basis of recent patterns of demand for higher education and current trends in the proportion of the age group staying on in full-time education after the age of 16, the report suggests that demand for higher education from qualified applicants is likely to be more buoyant than might be assumed from a simple view of the decline in the size of the 18-20 year-old age group. However, if the number of higher education places currently available were to be maintained, the supply of places would, sooner or later, exceed demand. 相似文献
2.
中国高等教育需求中的城乡差异-人力资本与社会资本理论的视角 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文应用人力资本和社会资本理论,探讨了中国高等教育需求中的城乡差异。研究表明:在控制其他因素以后,城乡高中生对高等教育有着同样强烈的需求,但学生的城乡背景与影响高等教育需求的人力资本和社会资本因素之间存在交互作用:(1)当高等教育预期收益率较低时,农村学生比城市学生更希望接受高等教育;当高等教育预期收益率较高时,城市学生比农村学生更希望接受高等教育。(2)当家庭网络资源较少时,农村学生比城市学生更希望接受高等教育;当家庭网络资源较多时,城市学生比农村学生更希望接受高等教育。农村低社会经济地位的学生对高等教育的旺盛需求表明,接受高等教育几乎是他们改变其不利社会地位、实现流动的惟一渠道。扩大农村学生的高等教育机会,是改善城乡差异的重要手段。政府应该在教育财政和招生等方面进行制度创新以回应此类教育需求。 相似文献
3.
高中生高等教育需求的经济动因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文通过估计高中生期望的高等教育回报率及其高等教育需求的影响,检验了人力资本理论的基本假设。研究表明,高中生对高等教育的市场回报率有比较准确的预期,他们的高等教育需求也受其期望的高等教育回报率的显著影响。个体的高等教育需求与人力资本理论的解释是一致的,即个体对高等教育的需求,受高等教育的经济回报所激励。 相似文献
4.
中国高等师范教育体制百余年的演进历程是以钟摆现象这一特殊历史面貌呈现给世人的。造成中国高等师范教育体制演进历程钟摆现象的根本原因是对中等教育师资需求判断的变化,而不完全是师资需求变化。由于多种因素的干扰,中国教育发展史上,往往出现对中等教育师资的错误或者片面判断,因而要求高等师范教育体制做出相应改革,并致使其偏离正常的发展轨道。这一偏离与其后的修正一起构成了钟摆现象。要破解钟摆现象,实现中国式教师教育体制的新发展,必须在充分认识中等教育师资需求变化的基础上从以下几个方面努力:中国式教师教育体制必须将建立健全教师教育相关制度作为首要工作;中国式教师教育体制构建必须坚持有序开放的基本原则;中国式教师教育必须以内涵式发展为根本路径。 相似文献
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6.
赵勇 《北京教育学院学报》2015,(6):60-66
对北京市高中生对高等教育的需求进行了问卷调查。数据分析发现,北京市高中生对高等教育的需求较为强烈,但这种需求并非刚性的,而是具有替代性和可塑性的;北京市的高等教育需求主要受制于经济因素的影响,家庭资源越是丰富,高等教育需求越是强烈;而性别、家庭规模以及父母的态度和努力,对于子女的高等教育需求影响不大,高等教育需求的动力主要来自于受教育者自身。 相似文献
7.
Mark D. Halx 《Teaching in Higher Education》2013,18(5):519-530
In this paper, I advocate for enhancing critical thinking skill development in undergraduate education by taking advantage of the increased experiential maturity of today's students. I argue that many undergraduates are in fact ‘adults’, by virtue of their age or experiential maturity, and they should be educated as such. Undergraduates who have not yet transitioned into ‘adulthood’ would also benefit greatly from exposure to the adult education teaching techniques that emphasize critical thinking development. The demographics of higher education today demand a reexamination of outdated pedagogical practices. Considering college and university students to be the adults that most of them are, or soon will be, would more effectively educate all of today's undergraduate students. 相似文献
8.
财政性教育投入与高等教育经费需求匹配特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着我国高等教育进入大众化阶段,财政性教育投入与高等教育经费需求的匹配程度如何?这是我们在调整相关教育财政政策时必须参考的依据之一.本文以最近十多年来的相关数据为基础,首先对我国财政性教育投入的总量趋势进行了梳理,进而分析了我国高等教育发展的阶段性特征及其对经费的需求状况,最后结合两方面的研究在直接统计对比分析和相关性分析中凸显了财政投入与高等教育发展需求的缺口,并且指出单一依赖财政性教育投入不足以支持我国高等教育健康发展的问题. 相似文献
9.
The changing demand for higher education in the seventies: Adaptations within three national systems
Roger L. Geiger 《Higher Education》1980,9(3):255-276
Aspects of decline in the demand for higher education have become apparent in most Western systems of higher education in the mid-seventies. Although these are usually associated with deteriorating labor markets and falling relative earnings of university graduates, analyses of enrollment trends in Belgium, the United States and France reveal that other factors have an important influence upon enrollment levels. In the comparatively elite Belgian university system the maintenance of rigorous academic standards in secondary schools and the universities appears to be responsible for the stagnation in enrollments since 1971. The surprising decline in the enrollment rates of white males in the United States seems to be due to both worsening labor markets and declining academic achievement levels. French university students have responded to the devaluation of university degrees by decreasing the time and effort applied to university study; but even under these circumstances the traumas of the 1976 confrontation have apparently discouraged potential students from enrolling. These developments suggest that the expansion of higher education has reached a set of inherent limitations created by social conditions and educational organization; and that inducing further expansion would do little to raise real educational levels or further social advancement. 相似文献
10.
Neil Harrison 《British Educational Research Journal》2013,39(5):793-816
Managing the demand for higher education has been a major concern of successive UK governments over the last 30 years. While initially they sought to increase demand, latterly the emphasis has been on widening participation to include demographic groups among which it has traditionally been low. There had long been an academic and policy interest in the drivers of demand, but an appreciation of the contrasting patterns between different geographical areas was relatively late to emerge. Little research has thus far focused on the extent to which demand within an area is a function of background factors with a spatial dimension. For example, while it is known that demand tends to be lower in deprived areas, it is not well understood what specific features of deprivation cause this. This paper reports the findings of a quantitative study using linear regression modelling to determine which localised factors played a significant role in the demand for higher education between 2004 and 2009 in English local authority areas. It concludes that attainment at 16, the proportion of working‐age graduates and the ethnic profile are major explanatory variables, but that the nature of the local employment market also plays a role in explaining changes over time. Coinciding with other significant changes in the education sector, the abolition of the Aimhigher initiative in July 2011 marked the return of demand management back to individual universities, so the importance of spatial patterns in higher education demand are likely to be of renewed importance in coming years. 相似文献
11.
Marie Lavoie 《Higher Education Quarterly》2009,63(1):3-28
This paper focuses on the relevance of harmonising higher education and innovation strategies in the context of fostering economic growth, illustrated by the particular weak point in the case of Canada. The present-day market for highly-skilled labour is global and therefore increasingly porous. A government that wishes to avoid losing its highly-skilled workers to countries that can provide more attractive conditions must aim at investing simultaneously in tertiary education and science and engineering infrastructure. Ideally, supply (higher education) and demand side (innovation) policies would interact in a balanced way. Canada is located at the two extreme ends of investment in higher education and innovation and will be compared to other OECD countries. The paper concludes that seeking policy convergence in innovation and higher education with leading countries is not sufficient to reach growth and can produce disappointing results for talented people whose career expectations may remain unfulfilled. It is therefore crucial for a country to develop higher education and innovation 'in harmony' with the global context and also to achieve harmony between other policies and institutions in its own national context. 相似文献
12.
冯孟 《顺德职业技术学院学报》2013,(2):40-44
"本科插班生"考试虽然为部分高职毕业生进入本科学习提供了有效途径,但也造成职业教育"终结性教育"的形象被强化、高职教育人才培养体系断裂、职教规模隐性萎缩等问题。这些问题反映出职业教育教育政策与学生的升学需求之间、单一的人才培养规格与市场对人才多样化需求之间、学历层次与学位结构之间脱节的深层次矛盾。抓住这些主要矛盾,调整"本科插班生"考试政策、发展高职本科、建立相应的职业教育学位制度,可以有效解决插班生考试的问题,推动职业教育的可持续发展。 相似文献
13.
近年在中国高等教育供给多元化的背景下,国际化高等教育服务的供给引起了学者们的关注和争议。本文力图了解高中生对国际化高等教育的需求状况及其与预期经济收益和个人现代性等个人因素的关系,旨在个人层面探索中学生国际化高等教育需求的影响因素。 相似文献
14.
张筠 《南通职业大学学报》2006,20(1):94-96,104
通过分析我国高等教育区域竞争力的现状、影响高等教育区域竞争力的主要因素及高等教育资源配置中存在的问题,得出优化我国高等教育资源配置的策略,从而从整体上提升我国高等教育的区域竞争力。 相似文献
15.
Richard Pearson 《Higher Education Quarterly》1990,44(3):215-229
This article looks at the feasibility of doubling the number of first degree students in the UK and considers the likely patterns of change in the 1990s. It looks at the changing policy towards higher education in the UK, and provides an analysis of the types of students entering degree courses. It then looks at the past expansion of higher education and degree courses. An overview is then given of what happens to these students when they graduate in terms of employment and other destinations. Consideration is given to the likely trends in the supply and demand for graduates in the 1990s. The types of changes an academic performance and participation which would be needed to double student numbers over the next 25 years are next reviewed using a model developed by the IMS. Conclusions are drawn about the likely changing balance of supply and demand in the 1990s. 相似文献
16.
董世华 《扬州大学学报(高教研究版)》2007,11(4):3-6
旺盛的高等教育个人需求是我国高校扩招的基础,也是个人成本分担机制得以有效运行的基础。然而扩招不仅没有抑制过热的需求,相反刺激了新一轮需求,这就使以人力资本理论为理论支撑的高校扩招受到了挑战。理性思考中国文化背景下的高等教育个人需求动机,对于引导民众形成有效的需求意义重大。 相似文献
17.
在过去的30年中，西班牙的高等教育经历了许多变化。在1983年，由于人们对私立大学的合法性的认可开始了高等教育的竞争状态。1998年以来，由于学生人数的减少以及人们对高等教育需求的下降，进一步推进了高等教育的改革。2001年，西班牙政府颁布了一项新制度以推动公立大学的市场化行为和私有化运行。尽管目前来评价这些变化的作用可能为时尚早，因为大学公共资金拨付制度仍保留不变，而这是今后需要调整的关键问题，这样才能为高等教育提供真正的竞争条件。虽然市场已经进入到西班牙高等教育领域中，但是公立大学源源不尽的公共资金将是阻止一个真正公平竞争的市场形成的一股巨大的力量。 相似文献
18.
社会资本因素对个体高等教育需求的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对中国大陆三省一市10909名高中生和香港3157名高中生的调查研究发现,学生参与社团活动、家庭教育期望,无论是对中国大陆学生还是香港学生的高等教育需求都具有显著影响。家庭中兄弟姐妹的数量、家庭成员辅导学生功课、父母与子女沟通频率等因素,对中国大陆学生的高等教育需求具有显著影响;家庭社会网络广泛度、师生沟通频率,则对香港学生的高等教育需求具有显著影响。研究还发现,一些常被认为影响个体高等教育需求的因素,如家庭社会网络资源、父母与学校的联系等,对学生的高等教育需求并无显著影响。 相似文献
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20.
Haim H. Gaziel 《European Journal of Education》2012,47(2):290-298
The purpose of this study is to seek to understand the process of privatisation and deregulation of Israel's higher education system which had been until the late 20th century predominantly public. Since 1994, public and governmental agencies became major clients of private universities. Thus the public sector played a major role in the expansion of international universities and in the operation of their academic programmes and became their major financial source. This partnership between the public and the private sector could be explained by the following: the increased demand for higher education by native born Israelis and the large flux of immigrants from the former USSR and Ethiopia on the one side, and the socialist ideology which deeply rooted in the Israeli society, to enable for everyone who wishes to attain higher education to find a place in the undergraduate system (particularly the population of the developmental towns and minority groups) on the other, pushed the Israeli government to expand its boundaries. Israel's public universities have been subjected to relax admissions requirement, which they refused to do. Another reason is the increasing demand from the public service in general and particularly from the education service that having a BA degree would increase the teacher salary and it does not matter whether the degree comes from an Israeli university(with its higher standards) or from a branch of an international university(with its lower standards). That explains the expansion and diversification that occurred in the higher education system in Israel. The 1998 Branches Act stipulating that any overseas institution intending to open an off shore branch must obtain a licence from the Council of Higher Education. The new regime demonstrates the paradox in higher education policy, on one side privatisation by the backdoor, on the other, regulation and control by the Israeli government. 相似文献