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长期以来,日本社会关于幼儿园和保育所的二元制运行机制进行着多次的改革,为了改变幼儿园和保育所的分立状况,近年来日本政府推行了具体的措施,确立和实施了"认定儿童园"制度,这是日本幼儿教育历史上的一项重要的制度变革。"认定儿童园"制度由政府主导,切实加强了"幼保一元化"的改革进程。然而,"认定儿童园"制度的实施需要对人、财、物等方面进行处理,涉及多方面问题,但目的是为了使儿童教育机会均等。 相似文献
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日本的幼儿教育首创于1876年,一个多世纪以来,日本的幼教事业得到了很大的发展,尤其是本世纪六十年代之后,幼儿的入园率成倍增长。据1976年统计,在全国小学一年级学生中,受过学前教育的儿童达61.9%。到八十年代,日本的幼教发展水平跃居世界先进之列。目前,四岁幼儿的入园率已达80%。一、幼教机构日本的幼儿教育机构有幼儿园和保育所。幼儿园是学校教育体系中的一个必要组成部分,由文部省分管。它是日本幼儿教育的主要机构,通常招收3-6岁儿童。保育所则是一种福利机构,由厚生省管辖,其招收对象仅限于双亲均工作、家里没有保育条件的幼儿。二、机构的设置日本的幼儿园有国立、公立和私立之分。国立 相似文献
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曹能秀 《云南师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2000,1(5):82-87
当代日本幼儿教育机构主要由幼儿园与保育所组成。本文介绍了二元制幼儿教育机构形成的过程及现状，分析了二元制的异同及利弊，介绍了一元化和二元化的论争和日本政府所采取的积极措施。在此基础上，本文还对当代日本幼儿教育的机构进行了横向的考察和纵向的反思，并提出了对我国幼儿教育的启示。 相似文献
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日本学前教育机构按照传统习惯划分为幼儿园和保育所两类。幼儿园属《学校教育法》规定的一种教育机构。而保育所则是《儿童福利法》规定的一种福利机构。孩子满3岁可以进入幼儿园,直至他们上小学。幼儿在园的时间,每年为220天,每天为4小时。而保育所则可招收自出生之日起至上小学前的孩子。保育所全年开放,每天工作8小时,为满足长时间工作或上夜班家长的需要,保育所还可延长工作时间。 相似文献
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日本的幼儿教育机构有两种形式,一种是幼儿园(幼稚园),一种是保育所。幼儿园作为学校教育的一环列入学校教育体系中;保育所是针对缺乏保育的儿童而设立的一种福利设施。两者从设置目的,到组织结构、保育内容、保育时间等等都各不相同,分述如下: 幼儿园一、概况据1983年的调查,日本全国共有15190 相似文献
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"日本许多幼儿园、保育所以及小学着手将混龄教育活动纳入教育课程,有意识地增加混龄教育活动时间。日本的幼儿教育主要由两大板块组成:一是幼儿园,二是保育所。学校教育法规定,幼儿园归类于"学校",属文部科学省管辖,招收3岁到5岁儿童,实施入学前教育。保育所在性质上非"学校",是厚生省主管下的育儿福利设施,招收5岁以下的孩子,主要职责为养育孩子。向政府申请让孩子入保育所的父母必须有较正式的工作或因其他理由白天无法照顾孩子。事实上,日本教育对年龄的要求是近乎苛刻的。4月2日之前满六周岁的儿童方可入小学,差几小时或几天的孩 相似文献
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幼儿园中科学教育与艺术教育实践,被作为两个不同的学科各成体系,彼此分离。基于对科学与艺术一种自然而融合关系的认识,处理好幼儿园科学教育与艺术教育两个领域的教育目标互通,内容相融,活动设计与实施相互交叉的关系,使其既符合幼儿认知发展规律也符合幼儿教育规律。 相似文献
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钱慧 《河北师范大学学报(教育科学版)》2020,22(1):108-115
加拿大安大略省从2010年开始推行全日制幼儿园,于2016年完成了《幼儿园大纲》的修订工作。修订后的新大纲提出了一个基于幼儿成长需求的幼儿园课程四框架,主张在探究文化中遵循基于游戏学习的基本原则,倡导多方合作协调的幼儿园公平和全纳教育,实施"让儿童的思考和学习看得见"的叙事性评价。这些对我国学前教育纲领性文件的修订、幼儿园课程改革都富有启发意义。我国学前教育纲领性文件也有必要融入文献、案例,兼具指导性和操作性,应当将全纳教育的理念渗透到幼儿教育实践之中,构建一个以儿童为本的幼儿园课程框架。 相似文献
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相较于内地教育,人们对我国澳门地区的教育制度是比较陌生的。探讨澳门地区的托儿教育制度,有助于进一步了解学前教育事业的发展方向与规划,拓宽学前教育模式,引进相关的幼儿教育理念,明确幼儿从小学习的必要性。同时,托儿教育的目的是以照料和养育为主、学习与指导为次,是有别于其他阶段的教育。需要幼儿教育工作者的悉心栽种,协助幼儿顺利健全成长,让他们从思维、感官、躯体上得到全面发展。 相似文献
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《Parenting, science and practice》2013,13(1):79-113
Objective. African American children exposed to multiple social risk factors during early childhood often experience academic difficulties, so identification of protective factors is important. Design. Academic and school behavior trajectories from kindergarten through third grade were studied among 75 African American children who have been followed prospectively since infancy to test hypothesized protective factors: quality of home and child care environments during early childhood, child language and social skills at entry to kindergarten, and school characteristics. Results. Children exposed to multiple risks in early childhood showed lower levels of academic and social-emotional skills from kindergarten through third grade. Parenting mediated the association with risk. Children's language skills, parenting, and child care quality serve as protective factors in acquisition of mathematics skills and reduction in problem behaviors during the first 4 years of primary school for African American children facing multiple risks. Attending a school with a higher proportion of children from low-income families might predict increasing numbers of problem behaviors over time. Conclusions. Exposure to social risk in early childhood negatively predicted academic achievement and adjustment during early elementary school for African American children, in part through associations between exposure to social risk and less responsive and stimulating parenting. Furthermore, the negative associations between risk and academic outcomes were substantially weaker when children had more responsive and sensitive parents or child care providers or entered school with stronger language skills. 相似文献
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袁飞飞 《佳木斯教育学院学报》2012,(3):252-253
随着祖辈家长出镜率的日益提高,如何做好与祖辈家长的沟通工作是幼儿教师需要面对和思考的问题。目前,在幼儿教师群体中存在着"与祖辈家长沟通难"的现象。研究者通过对N市四所省级示范园的10位"工作年限十年以上、家长工作经验丰富、口语表达能力强"的一线教师进行个别访谈,在进一步验证这一现象存在与否的基础上,总结出了"幼儿教师与祖辈家长沟通难"现象的几种表现形式与应对策略。 相似文献
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日本第七次中学课程改革及其启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杨如安 《课程.教材.教法》2012,(2):117-121
日本在"二战"以后进行了七次中学课程改革,几乎每隔十年就要进行一次课改。最近的一次是以2008年颁布的《中学学习指导要领》为标志,这个《要领》是在新修订的《教育基本法》指导下,对中学课程内容进行了重大修订,增加了外语、理科、数学等基础学科的课时量,在内容的深度和广度上也有所增加,以提高基础学力。日本紧贴时代的需要、重视母语教学、强化道德教育、注重外国语教学、重视学生个性发展等,对我国基础教育课程改革具有借鉴作用。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThis study examines how origami has been implemented, practised, and developed in the early childhood education of Japan over the past 140 years. Historically speaking, paper-folding has been part of Japanese symbolic art, craft culture, and religious ceremonial artefacts since paper and paper-folding techniques were first imported from China during the seventh century. By the eighteenth century, paper-folding provided a form of mass entertainment in Japanese society. During the 1870s, paper-folding was dramatically transformed into a pedagogical tool within Japanese kindergartens after Friedrich Froebel’s (1782–1852) kindergarten system and its curriculum was transferred to Japan from the West. “Papier-Falten” (paper-folding) comprised an element of Froebel’s Occupations – which was a series of handiwork activities – in his kindergarten curriculum, whereby various folding techniques and models were derived from European traditional paper-folding and introduced into a Japanese kindergarten curriculum that was associated with the concept of Froebel’s kindergarten. Particularly seen in early childhood education in Japan, what we now call origami developed as a new form of paper-folding. This gradually emerged through the marriage of Western (German) and Eastern (Japanese) paper-folding cultures. The study highlights the benefits and uniqueness of cultural transmission and transformation when developing origami in early childhood education in Japan. 相似文献
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Built on a sociocultural framework of policy analysis and Wertsch's concept of mediation, the present study examines how early childhood teacher education has changed as a result of interactions between reform policy and the action of teacher educators. Ten teacher educators participated in the study, along with eight early childhood leaders, 15 kindergarten principals and child care centre supervisors, and one policy‐maker. Data collected through interviews, focus‐group discussions, and reviews of government and organisational documents as well as press materials were analysed. The findings revealed that early childhood organisations were more active than teacher educators in the process of negotiation. Although early childhood teacher education has expanded since the handover in 1997, the voice and identity of the profession are still in an embryonic state. The study offers implications for redefining the roles of teacher educators and restructuring teacher education contexts to help facilitate the development of ideological consciousness and new understanding. 相似文献
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幼儿入园合同属于教育合同的一种,它涉及幼儿园、幼儿和幼儿监护人三方。在实践中通常由幼儿监护人参与缔约,但是幼儿入园合同的当事人只能是幼儿园和幼儿双方,监护人只是代理人;幼儿入团合同的缔约过程要经过要约和承诺两个阶段,一般来说,幼儿园的招生信息和幼儿的报名属于要约邀请,而幼儿园同意幼儿入学的通知才是要约,幼儿入园报到标志合同成立,只有当幼儿园为幼儿办理学籍注册之后合同才正式生效;此外,在缔约过程中,应警惕“霸王条款”。 相似文献