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根据西安土地统计资料和地理信息软件ARCGIS对西安耕地变化情况进行数量和空间区域变化差异分析,得出西安城市化进程中耕地面积逐年减少,耕地空间变化状况差异显著,通过城市化进程中对耕地影响机制,提出西安耕地可持续发展的基本对策。 相似文献
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近年来随着城市化进程的加快,我国耕地保护形势很严峻,耕地数量的逐年锐减,已成为影响我国社会稳定的重要因素。结合工作实际,重点阐述我国城市化进程中的耕地保护问题。 相似文献
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不同经济发展阶段地区耕地变化的对比研究——以广西江州和江苏吴江为例 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
土地利用变化与经济发展密切相关，区域经济在发展过程中呈现出阶段性，耕地作为土地的精华部分，其数量和质量变化在不同经济发展阶段表现出不同的特征。江州区和吴江市经济发展具有时序差异性，是进行区域对比研究较为理想的对象。利用统计资料分析表明，江州区经济发展伴随着耕地面积不断上升，从1990年的3.8×104hm2增长到2003年的5.6×104 hm2；吴江市则相反，耕地与经济发展呈负相关，1990年以来耕地面积持续下降，13年中共减少了1.6×104 hm2。以耕地标准系数表征的耕地质量表明，吴江市耕地质量提升较快，但近年有降低趋势；江州区耕地质量整体水平较低，年际变化不大，1996年～2000年间略有下降。根据江州区产业演进趋势，借鉴吴江市发展历程，可以预计，随着江州区经济发展步伐加快，建设用地需求增加，耕地压力将会加大。在经济发展过程中要注意集约用地，保护耕地，通过投入增加和技术提高，提高耕地的生产能力。 相似文献
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耕地占补平衡作为我国耕地保护制度的重要组成部分,是对工业化、城镇化建设占用耕地不断扩大的重要补救措施。当前,耕地占补平衡面临耕地后备资源枯竭、建设用地和生态用地占用耕地需求居高不下的困境,地方占多补少、占优补劣、破坏生态等异化行为危及国家粮食安全和生态安全。在耕地保护制度转型的大背景下,必须深刻理解我国人地矛盾的长期性、极端性和复杂性,明确耕地占补平衡在保护耕地资源、优化国土空间、促进均衡发展方面的不可替代作用;以科技创新为引领,提升全社会耕地资源认知水平,加快形成以耕地质量和产能为核心的占补平衡新体系、差异化耕地占补平衡调控机制、生态优先的全域土地综合整治工程技术体系;实施中国耕地资源安全保障重大科技行动,强化耕地资源全要素监测监管能力和科技支撑能力,全面提升我国耕地保护监督的科学决策与智慧管理水平,支撑耕地保护向数量、质量、生态“三位一体”纵深发展。 相似文献
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我国的耕地保护面临严峻的形势,而城市化进程中诸如开发区建设、大学城建设等所带有的盲目性进一步加剧了这一趋势,并造成了严重的后果。旨在城市化进程中加强规划的控制作用、开展土地利用公示制度、集约利用城市土地、建立耕地实时监测系统,有效保护耕地。 相似文献
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苏州市近50年耕地资源变化过程与经济发展关系研究 总被引：41，自引：4，他引：41
采用苏州市1949年～2002年统计数据,研究揭示了苏州市土地利用特征,分析了苏州市耕地面积变化过程及区域差异,并定量分析了苏州市耕地资源变化和经济发展的关系,对不同经济发展水平的耕地占用量进行了估算.结果表明:①苏州市土地开发强度大,综合产出率高,建设用地比重大;耕地面积减少迅速,人均耕地面积只有0.0494hm2,远低于全国水平;②随着经济的发展,苏州市耕地面积逐渐递减,经历了增加-快速减少-缓慢增加-缓慢减少-急剧减少-缓慢减少-快速减少的变化过程,人均耕地面积也有类似的变化趋势;③地资源面积随着人均GDP的增加呈指数递减趋势,用模拟的指数方程对耕地面积的估算值和实际值误差较小,证明用指数递减方程预测耕地面积随人均GDP增长的变化是可行的;④在人均GDP为10000元～20000元、20000元～30000元和30000元～60000元阶段,苏州市GDP每增加百亿元所占用耕地面积分别为4450hm2、2 795hm2、1178hm2,表明占用的耕地面积随着经济发展水平的增加逐渐减少,经济发展模式由粗放型向集约型转变. 相似文献
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大都市边缘区土地利用动态变化研究——以北京市平谷区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文以北京市平谷区为例,利用1993年、2008年两期土地利用现状图,从数量结构、空间格局和类型转换三个角度对平谷区土地利用的动态变化情况进行了定量分析。结果表明：①15年来,平谷区耕地面积锐减,园地面积大幅增加,城乡建设用地逐年增加;②土地利用变化的强度和方向在不同地貌分区存在明显差异,山区、半山区受农业结构调整和生态退耕政策影响,耕地流失最严重,主要转为园地和林地,而在平原区,主要是建设占用导致耕地减少;从山区、半山区到平原区建设用地面积增加量依次增大;③在土地利用类型转换上,主要表现为耕地转为园地、林地和城镇村及工矿用地,林地转为园地,以及草地转为林地;园地的增加主要来自农业结构调整,新增建设用地主要分布在平原区,来源于耕地。因此,协调经济发展与农地保护间的矛盾,是平谷区社会经济发展中必须重视和解决的问题;继续加强生态保护,以保障平谷发展服务首都北京的功能,实现自身社会经济的可持续发展目标。 相似文献
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2000-2010年中国耕地变化与耕地占补平衡政策效果分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文基于中分辨率卫星遥感数据,深入分析了2000-2010年间中国耕地变化及其空间差异,并对中国耕地占补平衡政策的实施效果进行了评估。结果表明：10年间中国耕地面积有所减少,由2000年的1.85亿hm2,减少到2010年的1.81亿hm2,耕地减少的主要方式为耕地转为城镇建设用地。耕地变化在空间上呈现出西增东减,北增南减,东部沿海自然条件良好地区以及中部生态环境脆弱地区耕地减少,西部水资源缺乏地区耕地增加的基本格局。大部分省份没有实现耕地占补平衡基本目标,有18个省份占补平衡指数小于-50％。建设占用的耕地多适宜农业耕作,而新增耕地只有不到一半适宜农业耕作。研究时段内经济快速发展、人口增加以及城镇化等因素导致的建设用地需求快速增加,决定了东部地区耕地占补平衡很难有效实施。全国耕地总体占补平衡背后存在较为严重的生态风险,耕地增加过于依赖土地开发,对现有耕地的保护亟待加强。 相似文献
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【目的】在健康中国战略深入实施背景下,环境健康风险已逐步融入到土壤污染防治过程中,如何揭示省域土壤重金属健康风险强度的空间集聚特征和影响因素,对于维护土壤资源可持续利用、完善风险防控体系和保障区域人群健康至关重要。【方法】本文在优化了US EPA健康风险评估模型的基础上,明晰了江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险特征因子和不同县区健康风险强度,从地理学视角构建了包括加权标准差椭圆、莫兰指数和地理探测器在内的空间分析方法体系,揭示了健康风险强度的空间集聚特征和影响因素,并探讨了江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险管控对策。【结果】结果表明：①Cr、Pb和As是江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险特征因子,且对应的儿童致癌风险高于10-6的点位占比分别为99.97%、74.24%和98.39%;②Cr、Pb和As在不同县域的健康风险强度变化范围为0.0158~0.6532、0.0002~0.0466和0.0025~0.3859,对应的综合健康风险强度变化范围为0.0256~1.0399,且江苏省北部县区对于其健康风险强度具有较高的影响,对应的影响程度顺序为As > Cr > Pb;③Cr、Pb、As及综合健康风险强度具有显著空间集聚特征,对应的全局莫兰指数分别为0.084、0.053、0.225和0.143,且以HH和LL空间聚类为主,其类型区数量占4种类型区的68.18%。④地均化肥施用量、居民受教育程度、道路密度和地均GDP等4个探测因子的q值均大于0.3,对于重金属健康风险强度的空间分异有较高的解释度,且探测因子间呈现出非线性增强和双因子增强作用。【结论】江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险强度评价与分析为环境与健康研究提供了新的思路,研究结果可为江苏省耕地土壤重金属健康风险管控策略的制定提供现实依据。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
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Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献