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Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ : ＩｎｃｉｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎａｓａｍｅｔｈｏｄｏｆｒｅｄｕｃｉｎｇＭｕｎｉｃｉｐａｌＳｏｌｉｄＷａｓｔｅ (ＭＳＷ)ｖｏｌｕｍｅａｎｄｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｅｎｅｒ ｇｙｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄｇｒａｄｕａｌｌｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａ .Ｍｏｒｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｉｓｐａｉｄｏｎｐｏｌｙｃｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｅｄｄｉｂｅｎｚｏ ｐ ｄｉｏｘｉｎｓａｎｄｐｏｌｙｃｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｅｄｄｉｂｅｎｚｏｆｕｒａｎｓ (ＰＣＤＤ Ｆｓ)ｆｏｒｍｅｄｉｎＭＳＷｉｎｃｉｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ .Ｔｈｉｓｐ… 相似文献
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Tong Chen Yue-ling Gu Jian-hua Yan Xiao-dong Li Sheng-yong Lu Hui-fen Dai Ke-fa Cen 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(9):1296-1303
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans （PCDD/Fs） emissions in flue gas from two types of municipal solid waste incinerators （MSWIs） most commonly used in China were investigated in this study. The selected incinerators include two grate-type MSWIs： MSWI-A （350 t/d） and MSWI-B 050 t/d）, and two fluidized bed MSWIs： MSWI-C （400 t/d） and MSWI-D （400 t/d）, which are all equipped with semi-dry lime scrubber and bag filter except MSWI-D equipped with cyclone and wet scrubber （WS） as air pollutant control device （APCD）. Results indicated that the emission concentration and the international toxic equivalents （I-TEQs） of the PCDD/Fs from the stacks were in the range of 1.210-10.273 ng/Nm^3 and 0.019-0.201 ng I-TEQ/Nm^3, respectively. They were greatly lower than the emission regulation standard of PCDD/Fs in China （1.0 ng I-TEQ/Nm^3）. However, only the PCDD/Fs emission level from MSWI-C was below 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm^3. Although the homologue profiles were distinct, the contributions of the 2,3,7,8-subsituted congeners to the total I-TEQ were similar among all the investigated MSWIs. Two major 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, account for 47% and 9% （average values） of the total I-TEQ values, respectively. The correlation between PCDD/Fs levels and composition of flue gas was also discussed. 相似文献
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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in flue gas emissions from municipal solid waste incinerators in China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tong CHEN Yue-ling GU Jian-hua YAN Xiao-dong LI Sheng-yong LU Hui-fen DAI Ke-fa CEN 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(9)
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furalls(PCDD/Fs)emissions in flue gas from two types of municipal solid waste incinerators(MSWIs)most commonly used in China were investigated in this study.The selected incinerators include two grate-type MSWIs:MSWl-A(350 t/d)and MSWI-B(150 t/d),and two fluidized bed MSWIs:MSWI-C(400 t/d) and MSWI-D (400 t/d),which are all equipped with semi-dry lime scrubber and bag filter except MSWI-D equipped with cyclone and wet scrubber(WS)as air pollutant conffol device(APCD).Results indicated that the emission concentration and the international toxic equivalents(I-TEQs)of the PCDD/Fs from the stacks were in the range of 1.210～10.273 ng/Nm3 and 0.019～0.201 ngI-TEQ/Nm3,respectively.They were greatly lower than the emission regulation standard of PCDD/FS in China(1.0 ng I-TEQ/Nm3).However,only the PCDD/Fs emission Ievel from MSWI-C Was below 0.1 ng I-TEQ/Nm3.Although the homologue profiles were distinct,the contributions of the 2,3,7,8-subsituted congenem to the total I-TEQ were similar among all the investigated MSWIs.Two major 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners,2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD,account for 47% and 9%(average values)of the total I-TEQ values,respectively.The correlation between PCDD/Fs levels and composition of flue gas Was also discussed. 相似文献
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Ke Shao Jian-hua Yan Xiao-dong Li Sheng-yong Lu Mu-xing Fu Ying-lei Wei 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2010,11(5):363-369
The effects of SO2, SO3 on de novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs） and dibenzofurans （PCDFs） were studied using model fly ashes incorporating copper oxide and activated carbon. It was found that the inhibitive effect of SO2 on PCDD/Fs formation is similar to that of SO3. To investigate the inhibition mechanism, CuSO4 formations from both CuO and CuCl2 were examined. The ability of SO3 to convert CuCl2 and CuO on a silica support into sulfate is much stronger than that of SO2. However, replacing silica by activated carbon leads to a much high conversion of CuCl2 to CuSO4 in the presence of SO2. The promotion by activated carbon is explained by the reduction of CuCl2 to Cu2Cl2 and the eventual conversion of Cu2Cl2 into CuSO4 is the main inhibition mechanism of SO2 on de novo synthesis of PCDD/Fs. 相似文献
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Meng-xia XU Jian-hua YAN Sheng-yong LU Xiao-dong LI Tong CHEN Ming-jiang NI Hui-fen DAI Ke-fa CEN 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2008,9(3):373-380
Based on the Industrial Source Complex Short-Term Version 3 （ISCST3） model, a simplified modeling approach was developed to predict concentrations of congeners of polychlorinated-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans （PCDD/Fs） of agricultural soil, within a radius of 3 kin from a municipal solid waste incinerator （MSWI） plant after its 4-year operation in Hangzhou, China. Comparisons were made between the measured and estimated congener-specific concentrations and the international-toxic equivalent （I-TEQ） values of soil samples with respect to distance from the stack. The results indicate that the predictions of soil PCDD/F concentrations and K-TEQ values were generally lower than their observations, and that the higher the degree of underestimation seems, the greater the further downwind one gets. Nevertheless, most of the predictions were in good agreement with the trend of measured ones and were within a factor of ten for samples located within 1 kin of the plant. Besides, analysis of contributions of various deposition pathways confirms that in addition to wet particle deposition, the dry gaseous deposition is essential for realistic prediction of PCDD/F depositions to soil, especially for tetra- and penta-chlorinated dioxins. 相似文献
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YAN Jian-hua PENG Zheng LU Sheng-yong LI Xiao-dong CEN Ke-fa 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2006,7(11):1896-1903
INTRODUCTION Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and poly- chlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) are some major toxic substances unintentionally produced mainly from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). Attention has been focused on the best way for controlling and regulating such emissions. Among flue gas treatment technologies for post combustion zone emission control (Buekens and Huang, 1998; McKay, 2002), activated carbon adsorption (ACA) and techniques involving physical adsorp… 相似文献
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根据福州市近年垃圾产量与成分,分析福州市生活垃圾焚烧可能出现的问题,提出应首先进行分类才能保证生活垃圾焚烧健康、稳定进行,建议采用分步走的方案。为了开展垃圾分类要教育、发动学生,媒体、各种环保组织和社区进行宣传发动和组织,政府建立相应的法规、政策以及采取相应的措施,实施垃圾分类和综合利用才能确保垃圾焚烧良性发展。 相似文献
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Development of an evaporation crystallizer for desalination of alkaline organic wastewater before incineration 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A wastewater evaporation-desalination pretreatment method was introduced to remove the Na^＋ and K^＋ salts in volatile organic compounds （VOCs） wastewater before it was fed into the incinerator. VOCs in the wastewater were volatilized in the evaporation system and then the vapor was combusted in an incinerator. Simulated phenol wastewater containing sodium chloride was evaporated and concentrated and sodium chloride was crystallized in different parameters. The experimental results showed that the higher initial concentration of sodium chloride increases the ratio of volatilization of VOCs, which was due to the effect of “salting out” （a decrease in the solubility of the nonelectrolyte in the solution, or more rigorously, an increase in its activity coefficient, caused by the salt addition （Furter and Cook, 1967））. When evaporation speed was increased from 1.67 ml/min to 2.73 ml/min, the total removal coefficient of sodium chloride was about 99.88%-99.99%. This pretreatment procedure eliminates the slag phenomenon caused by Na^＋ and K^＋ salts during wastewater incineration, so the incinerator could operate continuously, and the wastewater evaporation could increase the heat value of wastewater, and the operation cost would be reduced. 相似文献
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Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and a major environmental pollutant, second only to carbon dioxide (CO2) in its contribution to potential global warming. In many cases, methane emission from landfills otherwise emitted to the atmosphere can be removed and utilized, or significantly reduced in quantity by using cost-effective management methods. The gas can also be used as a residential, commercial, or industrial fuel. Therefore, emission reduction strategies have the potential to become low cost, or even profitable. The annual growth rate of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) output in China is 6.24%, with the highest levels found in South China, Southwest China and East China. Cities and towns are developing quickly in these regions. MSW output was only 76.36 Mt in 1991 and increased to 109.82 Mt in 1997, registering an average increase of 43.8%. In China, methane emission from landfills also increased from 5.88 Mt in 1991 to 8.46 Mt in 1997; so the recovery of methane from landfills is a profitable project. 相似文献
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二噁英类有机污染物的TEF与QSAQ研究,通过定量结构活性相关模型,用简易量化方法,计算了83种典型二噁英的TEF毒性参数,并运用定量结构-性质相关技术研究了PCDDs-PCDFs的TEF,同logP、SHEIO氯原子数目、分子结构的定量关系。结果表明,二噁英化合物的毒性当量TEF同氯原子数目、logP有显著相关;同SEHIO和氯原子取代位置存在紧密相关。同时揭示二噁英的毒性是卤苯、苯酚、硝基苯、苯胺类衍生物毒性强度的50-70倍。 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONAfterthedepositionofMunicipalSolidWaste(MSW) ,thebiodegradableorganicfractionun dergoesaseriesofchemicalandbiochemicaldegradation .Basedontheanalysisoftheemit tedgases,fivedistinctphasesofthelandfillanaerobicdegradationprocess,(i.e.,initialadj… 相似文献
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Methane (CH4) is an important greenhouse gas and a major environmental pollutant, second only to carbon dioxide (CO2) in its contribution to potential global warming. In many cases, methane emission from landfills otherwise emitted to the
atmosphere can be removed and utilized, or significantly reduced in quantity by using cost-effective management methods. The
gas can also be used as a residential, commercial, or industrial fuel. Therefore, emission reduction strategies have the potential
to become low cost, or even profitable. The annual growth rate of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) output in China is 6.24%, with
the highest levels found in South China, Southwest China and East China. Cities and towns are developing quickly in these
regions. MSW output was only 76.36 Mt in 1991 and increased to 109.82 Mt in 1997, registering an average increase of 43.8%.
In China, methane emission from landfills also increased from 5.88 Mt in 1991 to 8.46 Mt in 1997; so the recovery of methane
from landfills is a profitable project.
Project supported by the Germany Technological Cooperation Co. (GTZ) 相似文献
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应用G98W程序包中的量子化学密度泛涵（DFT）方法，在B3LYP／6—31G（d）水平上，对51种二苯并呋喃及其衍生物（PCDFs）进行几何构型全优化。优化后所得分子的最高占据轨道能量、二苯并呋喃环上1，2，3，7四个原子静电荷密度作为PCDFa分子结构描述符。应用支持向量机构建多氯代二苯并呋喃logKow的定量构效（QSAR）关系模型，所建模型的预测值与实验值吻合的很好，经留一交叉校检法检验该模型，该模型具有良好的稳健性，有一定的应用价值． 相似文献
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The valley shaped Tianziling landfill of Hangzhou in China built in 1991 to dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW) was designed
for a service life of 13 years. The problem of waste landfill slope stability and expansion must be considered from the geotechnical
engineering point of view, for which purpose, it is necessary to understand the geotechnical properties of the MSW in the
landfill, some of whose-physical properties were measured by common geotechnical tests, such as those on unit weight, water
content, organic matter content, specific gravity, coefficient of permeability, compressibility, etc. The mechanical properties
were studied by direct shear test, triaxial compression test, and static and dynamic penetration tests. Some strength parameters
for engineering analysis were obtained.
Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59508012) 相似文献
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CAI Jing ZHENG Ping MAHMOOD Qaisar ISLAM Ejazul HU Bao-lan WU Dong-lei 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(7):1149-1156
The optimal operation conditions in an anoxic sulfide oxidizing (ASO) bioreactor were investigated. The maximal removal rates for sulfide and nitrate were found to be 4.18 kg/(m3·d) and 1.73 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The volumetrical volumetric loading rates (LRs) observed through decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) at fixed substrate concentration are higher than those by increasing substrate concentration at fixed HRT. The sulfide oxidation in ASO reactor was partially producing both sulfate and sulfur; but the amount of sulfate produced was approximately one third that of sulfur. The process was able to tolerate high sulfide concentration, as the sulfide removal percentage always remained near 99% when influent concentration was up to 580 mg/L. It tolerated relatively lower nitrate concentration because the removal percentage dropped to 85% when influent con- centration was increased above 110 mg/L. The process can tolerate shorter HRT but careful operation is needed. Nitrate conversion was more sensitive to HRT than sulfide conversion since the process performance deteriorated abruptly when HRT was decreased from 3.12 h to 2.88 h. In order to avoid nitrite accumulation in the reactor, the influent sulfide and nitrate concentrations should be kept at 280 mg/L and 67.5 mg/L respectively. Present biotechnology is useful for removing sulfides from sewers and crude oil. 相似文献
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污泥焚烧炉温度控制过程中,由于投入污泥块热值不均以及外界环境干扰,传统的PID控制不能快速稳定地将炉温控制在所需范围内。为适应环境变化,实现更高效的炉温控制,提出一种基于NFOA-BP算法的污泥焚烧温度控制方法。该方法将改进型果蝇算法与BP神经网络结合,通过NFOA算法优化神经网络的初始权重和阈值,进而提高神经网络的全局搜索能力。将NFOA-BP算法应用于污泥焚烧炉温度控制系统,与传统PID温度控制系统进行仿真对比实验。结果表明该系统响应平稳、迅速,超调减小,正确率达到95%以上,比传统PID调节方法提高5%左右。 相似文献
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In an effort to find the effect of mass transfer ,surface tesion and drag forces on the velocity distribution,the mathematical model of the velocity profile of a nascent hollow fiber during membrane formation in the air gap region was numerically simulated by using the Runge-Kutta method (fourth-order method).The effect of mass transfer on velocity distribution based on the complicated function(G(Ch^s))was presented and the dffects of a complicated function were studied in two cases:in the first case,G(Ch^s) was constant;in the second,G(Ch^s) was variable.The latter was done by varying with the concentration of solvent in a nascent hollow fiber through the air-gap region.One empirical equation was used to describe this change and the predected values had a better agreement with the experimental values.To verify the moedl hypotheses,hollow fiber membranes were spun from 20:80 polybenzimidazole/polyetherimide dopes with 25.6 wt％ solid in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) using water as the external and internal coagulants.Based on the experimental results of dry-jet wet-spinning process for the fabrication of hollow fiber membranes,it is found that the model calculated values were in a good agreement with the experimental values. 相似文献
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Two types of molecular and polymer devices employing (2-(4′-biphenyl)-5-(4““““““““-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole) (PBD)and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as electron transport and hole transport materials, respectively, have been fabricated. The structures of these two devices are ITO/PVK( 70 nm)/PBD(60 nm)/A1 and ITO/PVK: PBD (1:1 by mass, 70 nm)/A1. The formation of exciplex is evident by comparing the electroluminescence (EL) of a bi-layer device and the photoluminescence (PL) of a PVK and PBD mixed film.The maximum emission energy of exciplex evaluated is consistent with the peak emission of EL. Blue emissions from both devices are obtained. The type of exicplex is interpreted based on the energy level diagram of the bi-layer device. 相似文献