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Hiley MJ Yeadon MR Buxton E 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2007,6(2):121-130
The Tkatchev on the high bar is a release and re-grasp skill in which the gymnast rotates in a direction during flight opposite to that of the preceding swing. Since the release window is defined as the time during which the gymnast has appropriate linear and angular momentum to ensure the bar can be re-grasped, it was speculated that the release windows for this skill would be smaller than for dismounts that are less constrained. One senior male gymnast competing at national standard performed 60 Tkatchev trials. A four-segment planar simulation model of the gymnast and high bar was used to determine the release windows in 10 successful and 10 unsuccessful performances of the Tkatchev recorded using a Vicon motion analysis system. Model parameters were optimized to obtain a close match between simulations and recorded performances in terms of rotation angle (1 degree), bar displacements (0.01 m), and release velocities (1%). Each matched simulation was used to determine the time window around the actual point of release for which the model had appropriate release parameters to complete the Tkatchev successfully. The release windows for the successful trials were small compared with those of dismounts. The unsuccessful trials were associated with later release and later timing of the actions at the shoulders and hips. 相似文献
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Michael J. Hiley Maurice R. Yeadon Emma Buxton 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2013,12(2):121-130
The Tkatchev on the high bar is a release and re-grasp skill in which the gymnast rotates in a direction during flight opposite to that of the preceding swing. Since the release window is defined as the time during which the gymnast has appropriate linear and angular momentum to ensure the bar can be re-grasped, it was speculated that the release windows for this skill would be smaller than for dismounts that are less constrained. One senior male gymnast competing at national standard performed 60 Tkatchev trials. A four-segment planar simulation model of the gymnast and high bar was used to determine the release windows in 10 successful and 10 unsuccessful performances of the Tkatchev recorded using a Vicon motion analysis system. Model parameters were optimized to obtain a close match between simulations and recorded performances in terms of rotation angle (1°), bar displacements (0.01 m), and release velocities (1%). Each matched simulation was used to determine the time window around the actual point of release for which the model had appropriate release parameters to complete the Tkatchev successfully. The release windows for the successful trials were small compared with those of dismounts. The unsuccessful trials were associated with later release and later timing of the actions at the shoulders and hips. 相似文献
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研究使用Motionanalysis三维分析系统及Norexon 16道肌电仪,对一般水平的运动员在不同重量下进行挺举的动作进行了生物力学方面的测试。通过运动学和肌电图(EMG)分析,得出一般运动员在挺举不同重量杠钤时具有不同的生物力学特征。 相似文献
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浅析挺举上挺技术动作的重要性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过采用文献资料法、观察调查法对国内外优秀举重运动员的挺举上挺技术进行研究，研究结果表明：上挺的关键所在是预蹲动作，在预蹲过程中应保持身体重心与杠铃重心垂直向下运动，而且要迅速地由预蹲中的制动转为上挺发力。制动是预蹲与发力的中间环节，起着承上启下的衔接作用。制动时应做到尽快地由预蹲的退让性工作转化为发力阶段的克制性工作，这是上挺成功的关键所在。 相似文献
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我国优秀男子举重运动员技术监测分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用动力测试与摄像解析相结合的方法 ,对国家男子举重队占旭刚、石智勇等 9人的技术动作进行诊断和评价 ,为改进技术、提高成绩提供科学依据。研究结果表明 ,抓举测试中一些运动员引膝角度不合理 ,展髋抬体幅度偏大 ;挺举测试中张国政引膝时间较长 ,压力调整不合理。跳步动作是维持接铃支撑平衡的补偿性动作 ,运动员杠铃上送距离较大 ,造成过大的回落距离和速度。占旭刚在挺举 180 kg接铃时杠铃回落的距离和速度过大 ,再加上其退让性缓冲不足 ,下砸力过大而导致动作失败。发力后接铃支撑时 ,人、杠铃压力中心移动过大和 Fz对 X轴出现大的单向力矩是失败的技术原因 相似文献
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使用两台PHOTO—SONICS IPL型16mm高速同步摄影机,拍摄了1990年北京第11届亚运会5名女子举重冠军(其中4名是世界纪录创造者,1名为世界锦标赛冠军)的挺举技术影片,通过对影片的解析、计算、分析,得出如下结论:1.通过对比分析找出女选手挺举技术与男选手的差距,主要是杠铃上升的相对高度高,杠铃的回降距离大,无效功占的比例大,有较大的改进潜力。2.五名女选手相比,邢芬有杠铃上升高度适宜,回降距离最小等优点,技术较好;黄晓瑜的发力效果好,但杠铃上升高度和回降距离偏大,需要改进。3.膝关节的最佳发力角和运动幅度,不仅取决于膝关节肌本身的功能,还与人体整体的姿势和总体负荷有关。 相似文献
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《Journal of sports sciences》2012,30(1):46-52
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the influence of pelvis and torso angular jerk on a performance indicator of hitting, specifically hand velocity. Eighteen softball athletes were analysed (20.3 ± 1.6 years; 164.9 ± 24.9 cm; 74.4 ± 14.0 kg). Participants were instructed to execute 3 maximum effort swings off a stationary tee at the middle “strike-zone” location. Angular jerk data were analysed during the acceleration phase of the swing, the time between foot contact and ball contact. Quadratic regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationship of minimal pelvis angular jerk and minimal torso angular jerk to angular hand velocity at ball contact. No significant relationship was found between pelvis angular jerk and angular hand velocity at ball contact (r = 0.192, p = 0.754). The curvilinear regression model for pelvis angular jerk produced: R2 = 0.037; F (2, 17) = 0.288; p = 0.754. Lack of significant findings suggests a relationship between jerk and angular hand velocity does not exist within female softball hitting. Future research should investigate the timing of minimal jerk through the acceleration phase as a predictor of angular hand velocity, rather than the value of jerk itself. 相似文献
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我国优秀举重运动员体能模型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以我国优秀举重运动员为研究对象,通过文献资料调研和数理统计的等方法,建立我国优秀举重运动员体能模型(包括指标模型、权重模型、均值模型与评价体系)。结果表明,优秀举重运动员体能指标模型包括:肩宽、髂宽指数、克托莱指数、血睾酮、高抓、借力推、体前屈等7个指标;指标权重模型中,以高抓占有最大权重(0.52),髂宽指数所占权重最小(0.03);另外,不同重量级别之间,肩宽、克托莱指数、高抓、借力推4个指标的差异具有显著性,以重量级最大,中量级次之,轻量级最小。在我国优秀举重运动员体能模型评价体系中,虽然不同性别各重量级别各指标的单项评分标准各不相同,但对其综合评价时,各等级标准相差不大。 相似文献
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影响挺举上挺效果因素的生物力学分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
针对我国运动员,挺举上挺技术差的现状,应用生物力学和统计学的分析方法,对影响挺举上挺效果的因素进行初步分析。结果表明:制动时间是评价上挺效果的重要指标。制动时间长,上挺效果差。由于制动时间与单位杠铃重的最大爆发力之间的相关系数为-0.842(P<0.01),因此欲缩短制动时间,就要提高爆发力这一力量素质。此外,还发现单位杠铃重运动员输出的最大功率与杠铃上升的最大垂直速度之间呈高度相关(r=0.982,P>0.01),故建立两参数之间的回归方程:P_(max)/BW=19.01·V_(max)-10.16。应用此方程可对运动员的上挺能力进行评定。 相似文献
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目的:为国家举重队备战东京奥运会提供科技支撑及举重的运动训练乃至运动员选材提供科学依据。方法:采用德国SIMI-Motion7.50三维运动解析系统对廖秋云打破世界纪录的挺举技术动作视频进行解析,解析的采样频率为50 Hz,运用截断频率为6Hz低通滤波对原始数据进行平滑处理,使用DLT计算空间坐标。结果:①廖秋云提铃至胸阶段的技术堪称完美,准备姿势合理,引膝动作完成质量高。采用积极的伸髋发力,且躯干角度保持80.27deg至77.62deg之间,有利于腹背肌群参与发力。屈髋屈膝接铃,杠铃回落距离为身高的19.61%,属于合理的杠铃回落距离。②上挺阶段,过渡阶段和预蹲制动阶段用时过长。准备姿势站距的调整将降低杠铃所需送达的最终高度,且有利于上挺动作的稳定性。其箭步式上挺杠铃回落距离仅为9.80cm,回落距离小,且双足构成的稳定区域面积大。发力时两心距离控制在3.1cm内,属于理想距离。站稳起立时段末,杠铃向右偏移达17.70cm,对其支撑可能存在隐患。③总体上看,廖秋云的技术优势在于躯干角度控制得当,两心距离始终较近。下肢关节角度变化趋势合理,伸髋发力的方式正确。④廖秋云技术优势明显,但成绩仍具有上升空间。建议优化时间结构,缩短过渡时间,避免额外的能量消耗。缩短预蹲制动时间,提升下肢离心收缩转向心收缩的能力。站稳时段的杠铃横向偏移过大,提示进行左右侧肌肉体量测试评价,并加强弱侧肌肉力量训练。 相似文献
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通过对有关举重的文献资料进行研究,发现我国优秀举重运动员比赛时大部分存在一个突出的问题,就是抓举强、挺举弱,而造成挺举弱的主要原因是上挺失败.就上挺失败的原因进行分析,逐一提出解决问题的训练方法,并通过运动员实验前后成绩比较,证明效果显著. 相似文献
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上挺中预蹲制动技术初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
动用生物力学的基本原理，对预蹲制动动作进行分析论证。提出了上挺动作中预蹲制动技术的原理，分析了影响预蹲制动技术效果的诸多因素和主要因素 相似文献
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韩文亮上挺技术的生物力学分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
单信海 《西安体育学院学报》2005,22(2):65-67
通过对全国冠军韩文亮上挺技术的测试与分析, 发现在上挺过程中, 杠铃前一阶段基本处于直下直上的运动, 但后程有明显的后抛现象; 躯干前倾不明显, 但后仰较大, 膝和髋形成多级加速; 杠铃的上抛速度达1 658m s, 上挺的力量达到400kg以上。 相似文献
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Byrd R Pierce K Rielly L Brady J 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2003,2(1):133-140
Prestigious professional organisations have questioned the efficacy of resistive training by children or have often neglected to address weightlifting in their position papers on resistive training for children. The purpose of this paper was to address the deficit in data regarding the efficacy of training children for weightlifting and to report data regarding to safety in this population. Eleven subjects (3 female, 8 male) who had trained at the USA Weightlifting Development Centre in Shreveport Louisiana for a minimum of 22 months (mean = 28.8; SD +/- 4.4) served as subjects for this study. Means for the pool of subjects subjected to t-test to compare data obtained at each subject's initial competition with that obtained at the individual's most recent competition revealed significant positive changes in body weight, snatch weight, clean and jerk weight, and total weight lifted. The latter three were significant both in absolute weight and in weight lifted per kg of body weight. Total weight lifted at competitions plotted separately for boys and for girls across time indicated an apparently steeper slope of improvement for boys. The latter were not tested for significance because of the small sample sizes. The lack of injury in training and in 534 competitive lifts was discussed. None required medical attention or loss of training time. It was concluded that there can be no doubt regarding the efficacy of weightlifting as carried out at the USA Weightlifting Development Centre. The importance of proper application of scientific theory of conditioning in a conservative manner for this population was emphasised. 相似文献
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在近几年的举重比赛中有很多优秀的青少年举重运动员在挺举比赛中的上挺过程出现了成功率偏低的现象。这一普遍存在的现象直接影响到单项成绩和总成绩,也影响了项目的排名。在一定程度上制约了一些青少年举重运动员成绩的提高,并给运动员心理造成了很大压力。本文通过对2002年黑龙江青少年举重比赛的93名运动员上挺中预蹲的深度、预蹲的方向进行研究,找出共性的东西进行归纳分析,得出结论并提出合理建议。 相似文献
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挺举中上挺预蹲制动技术原理的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过理论分析法和文献资料法,提出了挺举里上挺动作中预蹲制动技术的原理,并分析了影响预蹲制动技术效果的诸多因素和主要因素,旨在为做好预蹲制动技术提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Golf requires proper dynamic balance to accurately control the club head through a harmonious coordination of each human segment and joint. In this study, we evaluated the ability for dynamic balance during a golf swing by using the centre of mass (COM)–centre of pressure (COP) inclination variables. Twelve professional, 13 amateur and 10 novice golfers participated in this study. Six infrared cameras, two force platforms and SB-Clinic software were used to measure the net COM and COP trajectories. In order to evaluate dynamic balance ability, the COM–COP inclination angle, COM–COP inclination angular velocity and normalised COM–COP inclination angular jerk were used. Professional golfer group revealed a smaller COM–COP inclination angle and angular velocity than novice golfer group in the lead/trail direction (P < 0.01). In the normalised COM–COP inclination angular jerk, the professional golfer group showed a lower value than the other two groups in all directions. Professional golfers tend to exhibit improved dynamic balance, and this can be attributed to the neuromusculoskeletal system that maintains balance with proper postural control. This study has the potential to allow for an evaluation of the dynamic balance mechanism and will provide useful basic information for swing training and prevention of golf injuries. 相似文献
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从运动学和动力学特征两方面对女子举重箭步挺进行研究,为教练员和运动员认识和寻找适合自己的上挺方式提供理论依据。采用三维录像和三维测力台同步测试的方法进行研究,发现箭步挺下蹲撑铃点高,人体重心下蹲撑铃不太迅速,杠铃上升距离长,所需杠铃上升速度大。但是箭步挺撑铃的前后稳定角及平衡角大,稳定性高,稍有不慎也不会导致动作失败。箭步挺撑铃和起立时间较短,起立距离也较短,消耗的能量少。 相似文献
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本文通过对朝鲜女运动员金光淑在北京亚运会高低杠比赛中完成的特卡切夫接肖空翻动作的运动生物力学分析,结果发现:(1)在振浪下沉过程中,身体总重心最快速度在杠下垂面以前,这从理论上对传统的最快速度在杠下垂直面的观点提出了新的见解;(2)在特卡切夫类动作的制动动作过程中,通过振臂压腿,使踝关节速度降到最低点,形成以脚为中心的瞬时转动中心时,能获得最佳的反向旋转,为腾越后的再握创造了有利条件。 相似文献