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1.
A rationale and geometric parameters for optimal basketball shooting are provided. The premise is that shots requiring the
least energy are the easiest to control and thus have the greatest probability of success. The kinematics of the ball movement
are modelled and simulated for the free throw, for the direct shot, and for the bank shot off the backboard (the ‘layup’).
For the layup, the analysis includes the effects of friction, ball inertia, ball spin and impact restitution. The results
provide a means for shot planning and for coaching to improve shooting technique. The advantage of the layup for close-in
shooting is demonstrated. Results of numerical parameter studies are also presented, demonstrating the ranges of allowable
shooting error for the various shots, and thus also identifying the shots with highest probability of success. 相似文献
2.
The purpose of this study was to determine the nature and effect of certain highly patterned behaviours utilized prior to free‐throw shooting in basketball. Ten female basketball players comprising the varsity squad of Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA served as subjects for this study. Subjects were filmed with a high‐speed camera and monitored for heart rate during the performance of 10 free throws in each of two conditions: ritual and non‐ritual. For the ritual condition, subjects were given unlimited time and freedom of movement prior to each free‐throw attempt. For the non‐ritual condition, subjects were not restricted by time, but were instructed to shoot the ball without utilizing any movements other than those required to project the ball to the goal. Dependent measures were characteristics of behaviours, physiological changes measured by heart rates, mechanical data (speed, height and angle of release), and number of successful attempts. Condition x trials analyses of variance and low standard deviation concerning characteristics of behaviours indicated that the idiosyncratic behaviours prior to free‐throw shooting were rituals of the auto‐communicative type. Results indicated no significant difference between conditions for free‐throw success. However, partial correlation between dependent measures and successful free‐throw attempts indicated that duration of behaviours was most crucial to free‐throw shooting success. 相似文献
3.
现代篮球运动是在快速多变的情况下进行的。投篮命中率是制约比赛胜负的关键因素。因此各队都在不断地探索提高命中率的途径。影响运动员投篮命中率的因素很多,其中最关键的是运动员的各种感知觉能力及心理状态。本文主要研究各种感知觉与投篮命中率的关系,为科学选材与训练提供参考。 相似文献
4.
Validity and reliability of tests determining performance-related components of wheelchair basketball 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of wheelchair basketball field tests. Nineteen wheelchair basketball players performed 10 test items twice to determine the reliability. The validity of the tests was assessed by relating the scores to the players' classification and competition standard, and rating of coach and player. Six field tests' test-retest showed good reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.80-0.97), while the pass-for-accuracy, free throws, lay-up and spot shot showed weak to moderate reliability (ICC = 0.26-0.67). Most tests showed moderate to good validity (r > 0.60). The results suggest that wheelchair basketball field tests are reliable and valid with the exception of the shooting and passing items, which should be interpreted carefully. 相似文献
5.
采用文献资料法、观察法、逻辑分析等方法，对国际和国内手球重大比赛进行了调研;根据中国手球运动员的形态特征，研制了一套符合专项比赛需求以及结合专项特点对内锋队员运用行进间垫步假动作后突然变向一步跳起射门技术动作进行了训练和分析，旨在推进中国手球运动员更好地运用这项技术，进而使内锋队员在比赛中更大限度的发挥作用。 相似文献
6.
谈心理因素在篮球投篮中的影响及训练 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
影响投篮命中率的因素是多方面的。如投篮技术、投篮时机、身体素质及心理状态等。而在一场高水平的比赛中，运动员较长时间承受着各种不同的心理刺激。因此篮球运动员要善于调整，控制自己在比赛中的心理活动，才能发挥最大的运动潜力，因此，在实践中找出影响投篮命中率的心理因素，并制定相应的心理训练计划，是提高投篮水平的一个重要方面。 相似文献
7.
浅析篮球运动员视觉定向能力与投篮命中率的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
篮球运动员的视觉定向能力对其投篮命中率有较大的影响,在投篮技术规格相当的情况下,视觉定向能力强的运动员投篮命中率要明显高于视觉定向能力差的运动员。提高篮球运动员的视觉定向能力应作为提高投篮命中率的重要教学-训练手段。 相似文献
8.
樊西宁 《西安体育学院学报》2000,17(2):63-65
通过对第四届城运会男子篮球比赛 45场比赛中投篮技术运用能力的统计调查 ,反映出四城会各队不论是在多种方式的投篮技术应用能力 ,还是投篮技巧和扣篮意识上都存在着较为明显的差距。其中男子单手扣篮和双手扣篮这些难新技术运用也仅为场均 1 2次和 0 33次。 相似文献
9.
表象训练法在投篮技术教学中的应用 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
王振亚 《武汉体育学院学报》2004,38(4):148-149
在篮球急停跳起投篮教学中,应用"表象训练法"帮助学生准确地理解和掌握这一技术动作,建立正确的条件反射。实验证明,用该方法教学有利于学生投篮技术和心理素质的同步提高,对提高急停跳起投篮技术教学效果有促进作用。 相似文献
10.
高校公共体育教学中篮球投篮技术的教法探索 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
篮球是高校公共体育教学中的主要内容之一,而单手肩上投篮又是篮球教学中投篮技术的主要教学内容之一。文章以篮球教学中投篮技术的教法为研究内容,对所采用的讲解、动作示范、挂图和辅助练习等相结合的“想、看、练”教法进行了研究。结果表明,该教学方法在提高学生学习的积极性和投篮的命中率等方面均有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
11.
定距离原地投篮的弧线轨迹主要取决于出手速度和出手角度。为了探究优秀青年男子运动员不同距离原地投篮命中率的各影响因素,采用平面定机高速摄影和运动技术解析法,采集12名U16中国国家男子篮球运动员罚篮、中投和三分投球中篮过程投篮手臂的腕、肘、肩、膝等相关关节的线速度和角速度等参数,运用关联度和回归分析(Matlab2018a)探究规律。发现8项因素对原地投篮对命中率有不同程度的影响,其中,球初始高度、球离手高度、腕关节速度和膝关节速度4项因素,通过投篮角度和投篮速度对不同距离投篮中命中率的影响最大。 相似文献
12.
对第28届奥运会中国男篮与对手比赛情况的对比与分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过对第28届奥运会中国男篮7场比赛的技术统计,对投篮次数、投篮命中率、篮板球、助攻、失误等技术与对手进行对比与分析,发现中国男篮在2分球命中率、篮板球、助攻、抢断、盖帽上与对手还有很大的差距,三分球命中率、罚球命中率稍占优势。 相似文献
13.
篮球比赛中投篮过程的心理分析及训练 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着篮球运动的不断发展，运动员投篮时的心理素质在比赛中的作用越来越重要，它直接影响着运动员投篮命中率，决定比赛结果。心理因素已成为评定优秀篮球运动员的一个重要指标。通过对这方面的分析，为运动员投篮时调整自己的心理状态，并提出了形成良好心理状态的调试方法。 相似文献
14.
Raôul R. D. Oudejans Sjoerd Heubers Jean-René J. A. C. Ruitenbeek Thomas W. J. Janssen 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):464-469
We examined the effects of visual control training on expert wheelchair basketball shooting, a skill more difficult than in regular basketball, as players shoot from a seated position to the same rim height. The training consisted of shooting with a visual constraint that forced participants to use target information as late as possible. Participants drove under a large screen that initially blocked the basket. As soon as they saw the basket they shot. When training with the screen, shooting percentages increased. We conclude that visual control training is an effective method to improve wheelchair basketball shooting. The findings support the idea that perceptualmotor learning can be enhanced by manipulating relevant constraints in the training environment, even for expert athletes. 相似文献
15.
以第十九届南非世界杯足球比赛决赛阶段的64场比赛1816次射门为研究对象,通过文献资料法、录像观察统计法对比赛中场上队员的射门数、进球教、射门队员位置、进球队员位置、射门区域分布、射门部位的选择等数据进行分析。运用观察统计的方法找出他们的特点与规律,为足球训练工作和比赛提供一定的理论参考。结果表明：在64场比赛中射门区域主要分布在2区和5区,占了总体的64．2％。射门队员主要以前锋和前卫队员为主,前锋和前卫队员的射门次数占了总体队员射门次数的86．6％。正对球门的进攻已经成为各队进攻的主要手段。 相似文献
16.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):426-432
AbstractIn ball games, players have to pay close attention to visual information in order to predict the movements of both the opponents and the ball. Previous studies have indicated that players primarily utilise cues concerning the ball and opponents' body motion. The information acquired must be effective for observing players to select the subsequent action. The present study evaluated the effects of changes in the video replay speed on the spatial visual search strategy and ability to predict free throw success. We compared eye movements made while observing a basketball free throw by novices and experienced basketball players. Correct response rates were close to chance (50%) at all video speeds for the novices. The correct response rate of experienced players was significantly above chance (and significantly above that of the novices) at the normal speed, but was not different from chance at both slow and fast speeds. Experienced players gazed more on the lower part of the player's body when viewing a normal speed video than the novices. The players likely detected critical visual information to predict shot success by properly moving their gaze according to the shooter's movements. This pattern did not change when the video speed was decreased, but changed when it was increased. These findings suggest that temporal information is important for predicting action outcomes and that such outcomes are sensitive to video speed. 相似文献
17.
David R. Hopkins 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2013,84(3):535-540
Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the sports skill domain of basketball and to identify test items to measure in this skill domain. A theoretical model of the hypothesized dimensions of basketball playing ability was developed based on a review of literature concerning basketball skill testing from 1906 to the present day. These dimensions were: (a) shooting, (b) passing, (c) jumping, (d) movement without the ball and (e) movement with the ball. Twenty-one items, including the nine items in the AAHPER basketball skill test for boys, were selected to sample these hypothesized dimensions. The tests were administered to 70 male junior high and high school students enrolled in the University of Minnesota, Duluth basketball camp during the summer of 1975. The hypothesized dimensions were analyzed by use of the following: (a) alpha factor analysis; (b) canonical factor analysis; (c) image analysis; and (d) principal components analysis. Both oblique and orthogonal rotations were performed with each of the four analyses. The hypothesized model was partially substantiated in that the results confirmed three of the factors: (a) shooting, (b) passing and (c) jumping with the only difference being that the factors of movement with the ball and movement without the ball combined into one. Since the following test items best represented the dimensions, it appeared that a battery comprised of these items would provide a quick and objective measure of basketball skill: (a) jump and reach, (b) dribble, (c) speed pass, and (d) front shot. 相似文献
18.
19.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(7):647-654
AbstractWe examine behavioural changes of basketball players arising from the hot-hand belief and use data of 1216 National Basketball Association games to measure the effect of cold and hot streaks on three proxies of shot difficulty. We find that the more consecutive shots players make (miss), the more difficult (easier) shots become along the three dimensions. Furthermore, most players' performance seems to improve during hot streaks because they attempt more difficult shots while no significant decrease in shooting accuracy takes place. This might explain why most previous studies could not find empirical evidence for the hot-hand belief in basketball when considering in-game field goal shooting. 相似文献
20.
单手投篮选篮筐后沿为瞄准点的实验分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
马艳 《武汉体育学院学报》2002,36(2):86-87
影响篮球比赛获胜的最关键因素是投篮命中率，而单手投篮又是主要的投篮技术。从运动生物力学角度就如何提高单手投篮命中率进行分析，认为以篮筐“后沿”为瞄准点是篮球教学训练的重中之重。 相似文献