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1.
Chappell R 《国际体育史杂志》2001,18(3):158-180
This chapter examines sport in Latin America in its social, cultural, and political contexts. An analysis of the development of sport in Latin America suggests that there have been a number of distinct phases influenced by the cultures of the Spanish, British and French. More recently, the games and pastimes of the United States have made a significant impact. It is suggested that the further development of sport in Latin America is hindered by a number of significant problems. It concludes that the problems faced by some countries are immense and that governments and international organizations in the developed world should offer help where appropriate. 相似文献
2.
Sandra Collins 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(3):357-374
Modern Japan has considered global sport an appropriate forum for not only defining the national cultural identity of Japan but also for conducting its international diplomacy. The recent phenomenon of Japanese baseball athletes ‘defecting’ from Japanese leagues to play for the American baseball leagues has often been described in political terms. This paper argues that the current trend of analysing Japanese nationals playing baseball in America in political terms can be historically contextualized by reviewing the bids by Japanese cities for the 1940, 1964, 1998 and 2016 Olympic Games. 相似文献
3.
Maria Lenk is widely recognized as an exceptional athlete who participated in women's sport from around 1930 until 1950. In 1932, at the age of seventeen, she was the first woman to be included in a Latin American delegation to the Olympic Games. As a swimmer, she still sets world records at the age of eighty-six. This super-champion's sporting achievements and her persistent dedication to the advancement of sport still impress and surprise todays professional swimmers and researchers. Contextualised in the male-dominated society of Brazil during the first half of the twentieth century, this chapter traces the achievement, and rise to international fame, of Maria Lenk. It examines the factors that enabled her to emerge not only as an important figure in sport but also as an icon of female emancipation in Brazilian and Latin American society. The focus is on Lenk's influence on the issues which affected the development of women's sport in Latin America. It also highlights the significance of Lenk's contribution to the changing place of women in Brazilian and South American society. 相似文献
4.
Helge Chr. Pedersen 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(6):580-597
The use of skis has a long history in the core Sámi areas of Inner Finnmark in the north of Norway. It played a central role in the lives of nomadic Sámi communities for centuries. However, as an organised sport, skiing has a much shorter history in this area. The first sport club was established in 1927, almost 60 years after the first sport club was established in Finnmark. The integration and consolidation of sport in Inner Finnmark was also a slow process not concluded until the mid-1960s; some 40 years after its breakthrough along the coast of Finnmark. The organising of sport in the Sámi villages happened during a time of radical change in society. Until 1950s, Norwegian minority policies towards the Sámi population were characterised as strict assimilationist, or Norwegianisation, policy. This gradually changed towards a policy that emphasised cultural plurality, integration and greater political and cultural rights for the Sámi. At the same time, a state-driven modernisation process radically changed all aspects of the Sámi society. Even though sport had been a central element to Norwegian nation building throughout the twentieth century and despite the important role sport has played in many states' assimilationist strategies towards their indigenous populations, Norwegian authorities never used sport consciously in its minority policy. Despite this, sport helped in shaping modern Sámi society, and in shaping and reshaping ethnic and local identities in Inner Finnmark. 相似文献
5.
Ryan A. Davis 《国际体育史杂志》2018,35(1):61-86
AbstractIn 1938, Mormon missionaries from North America, under the leadership of Frederick Salem Williams, formed an athletic club, Club Atlético Los Mormones (‘The Mormons Athletic Club’, CALM), in Buenos Aires, Argentina. CALM would sponsor professional teams in baseball, softball, and basketball, all bearing the name Los Mormones (‘The Mormons’). Los Mormones won three league championships in the four years they played baseball and four championships in the five years they played softball. Two of their basketball players would become national all-stars, one of whom would represent Argentina at the South American Championship in 1940. Williams served as president of the softball league and vice president of the baseball league. Los Mormones’ story is outlined and situated in relation to the various discourses that, woven together, constitute the cultural context of modern Argentine sport: physical culture and modernity, United States-Argentine relations, amateurism versus professionalism, and the spread of North American sports to Latin America. 相似文献
6.
Marion Keim 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(16):1962-1975
The article provides insight into an important part of South Africa's sport history that has not been explored yet: What was the role sport and recreation played on Robben Island in the days when it served as political prison? The research has been a collaborative project of the Department for Cultural Affairs and Sport, Western Cape Sports Council, Mayibuye Centre and the University of the Western Cape's Interdisciplinary Center for Sport Science and Development. Facilitated by the establishment of a ‘Robben Island General Recreational Committee' in the 1960s, sport and recreation took a very special form on the Island. Unknown to South Africans and the world, during Apartheid, sport and recreation on Robben Island were used as a vehicle to unite people and to promote values of respect, integrity, dignity, teamwork and fair play as an integral part of a holistic person. Leisure activities became a place of triumph of human spirit, body and soul. The research facilitated the process of digitisation of archives from the Island. Numerous sources were discovered, giving an insight into the role of sport and recreation for many of South Africa's past and present leaders. The study also highlights the role sport and recreation played in the unique journey to freedom and democracy. 相似文献
7.
世纪之交的奥林匹克运动 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
奥林匹克运动的现状是:普遍性原则基本得到了体现;冲破了业余和专业界限;亚非拉体育地位提高,欧洲仍是世界体育中心;国际奥委会确立在奥林匹克运动中的主导地位;奥运会举世注目。奥林匹克运动面临过度商业化、政治干预、兴奋剂、自身组织结构不尽合理等问题。奥林匹克运动的发展前景光明,将在各大洲更均衡地发展,奥运会项目将有重大调整,组织结构将更趋民主化。 相似文献
8.
现代大型体育赛事属于一种外来文化形态,它是一种与现代社会完全兼容的超体育的文化形态。为了塑造出更为理想的国家和城市形象,大型体育赛事在中国已经演化为一种国家仪式,它在精神方面的价值可能要高于其提高民众的身体健康水准的价值。中国高密度地举办大型体育赛事也是对中国节日数量不足的补充,对民众来说具有“超身体”的仪式治疗作用。 相似文献
9.
吴立新 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2004,22(1)
体育舞蹈是一项有益于人们身心健康的体育运动,得到广大青年和中老年人的喜爱,近年来在很多高校都开设体育舞蹈课程。体育舞蹈对学生的身心有何种影响,它有哪些健身功效是广大学生和教师非常关注的问题,就此,对大学生体育舞蹈选修课学生进行调查分析,指出大学生参加体育舞蹈学习与实践活动,对青年学生在9项心理指标和4项专项指标有积极作用和效果。以供开设体育舞蹈课的教学同行参考。 相似文献
10.
王志威 《山东体育学院学报》2012,28(1):21-25
近半个世纪以来,在"与国际接轨"的口号号召下,中国体育发展呈现出追随全球化潮流的趋势。目前,中国体育发展基本上是以欧美体育标准为主,而中国民族传统体育处于弱势地位。针对中国体育在全球化环境里的发展现状,反思中国现代体育发展存在的问题及民族传统体育人文缺失的状况。面对全球化中不可避免的体育同质化现象,构思中国未来体育的发展方向。 相似文献
11.
从文化的视角对体育涉及的关键概念野身体冶进行了分析,比较了中西文化体系对于野身体冶的不同阐述,着重分析了中国儒家文化中的身体观。文章认为,人的身体永远是被嵌于某一文化体系中的身体,不存在有超越文化的身体,现代竞技体育对于身体有过于强调自然性层面而偏离人文精神的倾向,中国古代儒家所谈论的身体是建立在心性修养之上而非自然性本能层面的身体,儒家对身体的理解不是个体性的,而是联系于他人的存在,因此非常重视身体的礼仪实践。儒家身体观直接影响了中国古代运动的基本精神指向,对我们当今如何看待自我身体以及运动具有很大的启示。 相似文献
12.
DaCosta LP 《国际体育史杂志》2001,18(3):181-196
This epilogue offers a critical overview of some current interpretations of modern sport's origins and evolution in Latin America by certain European and North American commentators. These analyses still adhere to the tradition of the New World's creation. They seldom refer to primary sources. Conclusions are often born out of patronizing compassion and exotic impression. Latin American sources, if any, are mostly quoted when they serve a pessimistic historical bias cultivated by outsiders. In fact, Latin American sport represents a mirror image of more developed areas and indeed a reinvention of sport in specific cases of community isolation and self-development. 相似文献
13.
American impact on modern sports in Latin America overlaps geographically and chronologically with the European, especially British, impact. Principally baseball in the Caribbean basin, more recently basketball and volleyball across the hemisphere and occasionally American football in more limited areas illustrate a north-to-south movement executed by businessmen, educators, missionaries, military personnel, returning travelers (often students), sports entrepreneurs and television. Often initially supported by promoters of development within Latin America, this transfer has altered local recreational patterns and attracted Latin athletes to pursue careers in North America, provoking accusations of cultural imperialism and exploitation. 相似文献
14.
Gunnar Breivik 《体育哲学杂志》2019,46(1):63-81
Since the 1960s environmental problems have increasingly been on the agenda in Western countries. Global warming and climate change have increased concerns among scientists, politicians and the general population. While both elite sport and mass sport are part of the consumer culture that leads to ecological problems, sport philosophers, with few exceptions, have not discussed what an ecologically acceptable sport would look like. My goal in this article is to present a radical model of ecological sport based on Arne Naess’s version of deep ecology called ecosophyT. After outlining the Naessian ecocentric view of biospheric egalitarianism I present the consequences for sport and physical activities. I also give examples from Arne Naess’s own practice of sport which was guided by the principle ‘Richness in ends, simplicity in means!’ I discuss whether Naessian deep ecological sport is what we will all end up with after the ecocatastrophe or whether it can be an inspiring ideal for many of us right now. 相似文献
15.
Thierry Ozwald 《Sport in History》2019,39(3):334-349
ABSTRACT‘It is a sport’ writes Hemingway on the subject of bullfights in public places, ‘a very wild and primitive sport and, mainly, a true sport of amateurs. I fear however that because of danger of death which it implies, it never has great success among the sporting-men of America and England’ (Death in the afternoon, Gallimard, 1938, p. 27). Hemingway was interested in sport since his young age: athletic, a follower of sports at Oak Park's High School, fascinated by horse racing and later an enthusiast for deep sea fishing, hunting, boxing etc, in other words what we would call today the ‘extreme sports’, he had a passion for bullfighting in Spain, which he tested, although unsuccessfully. In his papers for the Toronto Weekly Star, his novel The Sun also rises published in 1926, and especially in his essay Death in the afternoon, a true treaty of bullfighting, he undertakes a close study of the specific techniques of this very particular sport; yet what interests him most of all is its artistic value. Art or sport? Such is the key question that he poses throughout the pages of this work, which are actually a deep reflection on the origins of the sport and the finality of art; the relations between sport and art are quite complex and, according to him, have to be reconsidered, since writing for him is also linked to moral and physical effort, and is even a kind of ‘intimate bullfighting’. 相似文献
16.
城市化与市民体育的兴起——美中城市体育发展之比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
就美国和中国城市变革对体育的发展的影响探讨中、美市民体育的不同发展路径.通过文献分析、访问调查、参与观察以及比较研究,认为美国的城市化过程是一个自下而上的自然发展过程,城市体育的发展随之也是一种渐进的、历史的、社会的进化(evolution)过程;而中国的城市化比较复杂,体育的发展和城市化一度并不成并行发展的趋势,直到改革开放以后,当城市中出现了市场机制,市民体育的动力因素才在市场的刺激下开始出现了一些具有革新性的变化,这个过程与美国市民体育的发展有类似之处,但也存在着明显的差异.中国城市社会需要有一个良性的经济、政治、文化环境来创建具有中国特色的市民体育. 相似文献
17.
This article studies the Modern Olympic Movement within the cultural framework of early twentieth-century aesthetics. By examining the first 13 years of the Revue Olympique, the bond between sport and ideals of beauty emerges as a powerful indicator of a broader socio-cultural discourse. Discourse analysis exposes the Revue Olympique as homogeneous and coherent device of praxis that located the Olympic Movement and the genre of sport festival it promoted among the dominant ideas about beauty, art and culture of this era. It functioned as a type of cultural manifesto for Pierre de Coubertin's international Olympic Movement. 相似文献
18.
现代体育是现代人日常生活的重要组成部分,并与社会的其他因素建立了错综复杂的联系。从需求者和供给者两个角度分析了现代人热衷于体育的原因,即需求者角度的现代社会的可预测性、文明性和安全性三个原因,供给者角度的体育的社会化的教育性、文化规范的强迫性和产业魅力的诱惑性三个原因。 相似文献
19.
Since the beginning of the 1980s, sport has appeared to be the last recourse against the worsening of living conditions, lack of job security and the ghettoisation of certain boroughs that stand out mostly because of continuing urban riots and juvenile violence. All of this is continually exaggerated by the media and politicians in their continual desire to dramatise and exaggerate. Certain sub-issues immediately emerge: what are the theoretical or ideological foundations on which this concept of making sport a lever for preventive policies is based? And what sport are we talking about? Is it the physical activities and sport (PAS) practised in the schools and institutes, civil sport or sport in the streets? Why do young people increasingly abandon civil/federated sport to practise ‘adventure sports’ or self-organised sports? Can self-organised sports and, more precisely, sport played outside the tower blocks favour the ‘self-control of impulses’? And if they can, under what conditions can they favour socialisation and contribute to preventing vandalism or violent acts? If it must be admitted that the links between sport and education, sport and prevention, sport and insertion, etc., are considered to be self-evident, they are rarely analysed or questioned. 相似文献
20.
Carla Luguetti Kimberly L. Oliver David Kirk Luiz Dantas 《Sport, Education and Society》2017,22(4):493-510
This study explores an activist approach for co-creating a prototype pedagogical model of sport for working with boys from socially vulnerable backgrounds. This paper addresses the key features that emerged when we identified what facilitated and hindered the boys’ engagement in sport. This study was an activist research project that was conducted between July 2013 and December 2013 in a soccer program in a socially and economically disadvantaged neighborhood in Brazil. The lead author, supervised by the second author, worked with a soccer class of 17 boys between ages 13 and 15, 4 coaches, a pedagogical coordinator and a social worker. Multiple sources of data were collected, including 38 field journal/observations and audio records of: 18 youth work sessions, 16 coaches’ work sessions and 3 combined coaches and youth work sessions. In addition, the first and second author had 36 90-minute debriefing and planning sessions. By using an activist approach, three features were identified as being essential: an ethic of care, an attentiveness to the community and a community of sport. Findings suggest that it is possible to use sport as a cultural asset to benefit youth from socially vulnerable backgrounds by offering them a place where they can feel protected and dream about possible futures. 相似文献