共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Celine Triolet Nicolas Benguigui Cyrille Le Runigo A. Mark Williams 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(8):820-830
Abstract We quantify the nature and frequency of anticipation behaviours in professional tennis using video coding of incidents where the time delay between the opponent's stroke and the reaction of the player were recorded. We argue that anticipation is based on uncertain information and should lead in some situations to erroneous decisions. We identified the transition between reaction (with 100% accuracy in the selection of where the ball is played on the court) and anticipation (with less than 100% accuracy) as being 140–160 ms after ball contact. Anticipation behaviours occurred on between 6.14% and 13.42% of the coded situations. These anticipation behaviours appeared almost exclusively in ‘unfavourable’ situations, where the opponent had a significant tactical advantage, with the type of playing surface having only a limited effect. Moreover, the decrease in accuracy with shorter response times is not monotonic, with an increase in response accuracy being observed for times shorter than 120 ms before ball contact. We propose that very early anticipation behaviours occur when players use significant context-specific information before the opponent's stroke. When such information is not available, players produce anticipation behaviours that are closer to the moment of ball–racket contact using information that is more likely to be based on the opponent's preparation of the stroke. This study opens new directions for research focusing on the testing and training of anticipation in fast ball sports. 相似文献
2.
Abstract Previous research on laterality in sport suggests an over-representation of left-handers in interactive sports such as tennis and cricket. These findings potentially reflect left-handers' advantage over their right-handed competitors in those sports. Although considered crucial for successful performance, the tactical component of their superiority has yet to be analysed. Two studies were conducted to test for a side bias in tennis players' tactical preferences. In the first study, 108 right- and left-handed players of varying skill watched rallies on a computer screen and had to indicate where they would place the ball in the opposing half. The results showed the tactical preference of players to place more balls on a left-handed opponent's mostly stronger forehand side compared with when faced with a right-hander. In the second study, 54 professional tennis matches involving right- and left-handers were analysed with respect to ball placement frequencies on the opponent's backhand side. Significantly fewer balls were hit to the backhand side of a left-handed opponent, thus replicating the findings of Study 1 in on-court situations. Both studies indicate players' preference to place shots to their right irrespective of their opponent's handedness. Findings support the assumption that left-handers might enjoy a strategic advantage in tennis. 相似文献
3.
Nikki S. Kolman Tamara Kramer Marije T. Elferink-Gemser Chris Visscher 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(1):108-121
The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of outcome measures and instruments identified in the literature for examining technical and tactical skills in tennis related to performance levels. Such instruments can be used to identify talent or the specific skill development training needs of particular players. Searches for this review were conducted using the PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo databases. Out of 733 publications identified through these searches, 40 articles were considered relevant and included in this study. They were divided into three categories: (1) technical skills, (2) tactical skills and (3) integrated technical and tactical skills. There was strong evidence that technical skills (ball velocity and to a lesser extent ball accuracy) and tactical skills (decision making, anticipation, tactical knowledge and visual search strategies) differed among players according to their performance levels. However, integrated measurement of these skills is required, because winning a point largely hinges on a tactical decision to perform a particular stroke (i.e., technical execution). Therefore, future research should focus on examining the relationship between these skills and tennis performance and on the development of integrated methods for measuring these skills. 相似文献
4.
Anticipation in squash: differences in advance cue utilization between expert and novice players 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
B Abernethy 《Journal of sports sciences》1990,8(1):17-34
The time of occurrence and spatial location of the advance cues used to anticipate the direction and force of an opponent's stroke in squash were examined using a film task. This task, designed to stimulate the normal perceptual display of the defensive player, consisted of two discrete parts, each containing 160 individual stroke sequences (trials). In the first part of the film task, the display was occluded at different time intervals throughout the development of the opponent's stroke and the 16 expert and 20 novice subjects had to predict both the direction (down-wall or cross-court) and force (drive or drop shot) of the opponent's stroke. In the second part of the film task, visibility to selected advance cues was occluded by placing opaque mats on the film surface. Across all of the film task conditions experts were superior to novices in predicting the event outcome from the information available, highlighting the important contribution anticipatory skills make to expert performance in this sport. Analysis of lateral (direction) error showed that the most critical time periods for extracting information about stroke direction are the periods between 160-80 ms prior to racket-ball contact and the period of extended ball flight arising at least 80 ms after contact. Whereas both groups were attuned to this ball flight information, only the experts were capable of picking up information from the early part of the opponent's actions. This early information appeared to be provided by the opposing player's arm action. Similar time periods were found to be also important for the prediction of stroke depth, but in this case both experts and novices were similar in their cue dependence. 相似文献
5.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(5):403-409
AbstractThe effect of intellectual impairment on sports performance has received limited attention by researchers. As a contribution to closing this gap, the purpose of the present investigation was to examine the differences in tactical proficiency between table tennis players with and without intellectual disabilities (ID). These groups were matched for training-volume and experience and consisted of 41 male (age = 27±8) and 30 female (age= 28±8) elite players with ID and a reference group of 12 male (age= 24±12) and 5 female (age= 20±9) players without ID. In two different test settings – one a World Championship and the other a training camp – the players in each group performed 60 semi-standardised rallies against the same opponent. Players were told that 12 sets of five identical services would be delivered, and their goal was to return the service with the intention of ‘winning the point’. The test results were validated for this study, to compute tactical proficiency scores (maximal score of eight points) for each player. A two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significantly lower proficiency scores for players with ID than for those without ID. Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that within each series of five rallies, starting with identical services, all participants were able to significantly improve their tactical proficiency gradually, but players without ID scored 4.3±0.5 from the first ball on, and while athletes with ID only 3.3±0.7 after five balls. The results of this study indicate that ID is associated with decreased tactical proficiency in table tennis. 相似文献
6.
Eighteen elite male tennis players were tested to determine their ability to identify string tension differences between rackets
strung from 210 N (47 lb) to 285 N (64 lb). Each player impacted four tennis balls projected from a ball machine before changing
rackets and repeating the test. Eleven participants (61%) could not correctly detect a 75 N (17 lb) difference between rackets.
Only two participants (11%) could correctly detect a 25 N (6 lb) difference. To establish whether varying string tensions
affected ball rebound dynamics, the ball’s rebound speed and landing position were analysed. The mean rebound ball speed was
117 km h−1, with only the trials from the 210 N racket producing significantly lower (P < 0.05) rebound speeds than the 235 N and 260 N rackets. This is contrary to previous laboratory-based tests where higher
rebound speeds are typically associated with low-string tensions. The anomaly may be attributable to lower swing speeds from
participants as they were not familiar with such a low string tension. Ball placement did not appear related to string tension,
with the exception of more long errors for the 235 N racket and fewer long errors for the 285 N racket. It was concluded that
elite male tennis players display limited ability to detect changes in string tension, impact the ball approximately 6% faster
than advanced recreational tennis players during a typical rallying stroke, and that ball placement is predominantly unrelated
to string tension for elite performers. 相似文献
7.
Perception of kinematic characteristics of tennis strokes for anticipating stroke type and direction
The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of visual information used by highly skilled tennis players in anticipating their opponent's shots. In Experiment 1, motion analysis of the strokes showed that the relative motion between the racquet and forearm was different between the ground strokes and lobs, but there were no reliable kinematic differences when shot direction was varied. In Experiment 2, 12 skilled tennis players observed the opponent hitting strokes in a normal video or in a point-light display with different segments occluded. Players' anticipation accuracy was not degraded by the use of the point-light display. Occluding the racquet and forearm significantly reduced the participant's ability to determine the type of stroke produced. 相似文献
8.
目的对世界前5名优秀羽毛球女子双打运动员在2019年世界羽毛球锦标赛1/4决赛、半决赛及决赛中的发接发技战术运用进行数据分析,旨在为羽毛球运动员的多元化发展方向提供思路。方法文献资料法、录像统计法、数理统计法等。结果发球大部分以反手发网前场1号区为主,并以前场5号区、后场4号区及6号区为辅助进行技战术相结合的发球方式;接发球过程中,女子双打运动员如遇到对手反手发网前球,接发球方则以推压、扑球为主,其次是抢搓、拨及挑球,如遇到对手发反手后场球,接发球方则以杀球为主,其次高远球、吊球与之配合使用。结论运动员在加强训练的同时,也要研究其他国家优秀组合的打法,做到科学训练,让技术全面发展、娴熟多变。 相似文献
9.
10.
乒乓球比赛的数学模拟竞技诊断 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：8
通过战术行为、击球位置、击球方向和击球技术4个转移概率矩阵模型和竞技效率值，对高水平乒乓球比赛进行模拟诊断。结果表明：相持和进攻是影响乒乓球比赛获胜概率的两个最重要的战术行为；运动员在侧身住的直接击球效果要好于正手位和反手位；击球方向从“本方反手长球到对方反手长球”的竞技效率值最大；弧圈球技术在乒乓球比赛中起着决定性作用，尤其是横拍运动员。 相似文献
11.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(4):301-308
Abstract The main aim of this study was to identify and compare ball speed and hitting accuracy of forehand and backhand groundstrokes between ATP professionals (elite) and high-performance youth players when shots were played cross-court and down the line to a target square. Six elite and seven high-performance tennis players volunteered to participate in the study. A Doppler-radar device and a digital video camera, operating at 120 frames per second, were used to measure ball speed and accuracy of forehand and backhand groundstrokes in the respective situation (cross-court and down the line). The results of 1040 measured groundstrokes indicate that the ball speed of the forehand and the backhand ground stroke was higher in the elite group when analysing (1) all valid shots, (2) the six fastest shots, and (3) the six most accurate shots (all P < 0.05). In addition, all players achieved a higher forehand speed compared with their backhand when balls were directed cross-court (P < 0.01). The participants demonstrated similar ability when considering accuracy of their groundstrokes (P > 0.05). However, a group difference for accuracy was identified when considering the six fastest forehand shots (P<0.05), and the forehand cross-court stroke was played more accurately than the backhand cross-court stroke by both groups (valid shots and six most accurate shots, P<0.05). Moreover, there was no evidence that players who impacted the ball faster were any less accurate than those who impacted the ball more slowly. Analyses for participants actually revealed a negative correlation between ball speed and mean radial error (accuracy) for the backhand down the line (r= ? 0.77, P<0.01). According to the results of this study, ball speed seems to be the determining factor that separates elite from sub-elite tennis players. 相似文献
12.
In tennis, a high ball velocity and a fast run toward the net are key features to successful performance of "serve-and-volley" players. For the serve, tennis players can use two techniques: the foot-up (FU) or foot-back (FB) technique. The aim of this study was to determine if the running time toward the net after the serve and the ball velocity (V(ball)) vary between these two techniques. Moreover we analysed the angular momentum values of the trunk and of the arm holding the racquet. Fifteen expert tennis players performed six successful serve-and-volleys with both techniques. Running time to the net is significantly lower for FB, whereas V(ball) is significantly higher for FU. Trunk and arm angular momentums about the transverse axis are significantly higher with FU before ball impact. A significant correlation (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) exists between changes in the maximal trunk angular momentum and in running time to the net between the two serve techniques. A significant correlation (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) also exists between changes in the maximal trunk angular momentum and in V(ball) between the two serve techniques. According to these results, FB is the best technique for moving as quickly as possible to the net because of a lower trunk angular momentum. 相似文献
13.
庄静 《体育科技文献通报》2013,21(1):38-41
网球比赛是由许多个短时间的剧烈运动和休息组成的运动.良好的身体素质是掌握网球技战术的基础,也是在当代网球比赛中充分发挥最佳技战术水平,夺取最后胜利的保障.网球运动属于技能主导类项目,具有速度快、比赛时间长、移动范围大的特点.技术动作主要靠挥臂击球时上肢、肩带和腰腹的肌肉爆发力.在比赛中抽击速度快,要求运动员对来球全面观察,迅速做出判断并想出对策,然后迅速移动步法,调整身体重心和击球位置,进行挥拍击球.这些项目特征决定了运动员必须具备速度、耐力、力量、灵活柔韧性素质. 相似文献
14.
McPherson SL 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1999,70(4):369-384
Youth tennis experts' tactical problem representations have been linked to their superior response selections during competition (McPherson & Thomas, 1989). To expand this research to adults, collegiate varsity (experts, n = 6) and beginner (novices, n = 6) female tennis players participated in an interview session to elicit problem representations and solutions to six tennis game situations. Interviews, transcribed verbatim, were coded for accuracy in solutions to each situation. Novices did not generate any solutions (actions), while experts generated similar and tactical solutions. Quantitative analysis of verbal data revealed expertise differences in problem representations and solution processes. Mann-Whitney U tests revealed that experts accessed more tactical and associated response selection and response execution concepts than novices. Findings indicate that experts will generate specialized cognitive processes to develop, monitor, and regulate their condition profiles and action plans during competition. 相似文献
15.
This study analyzed the activity of expert table tennis players during a match, in reference to course of action theory (Theureau, 1992). Matches were videotaped, and the players' verbalizations as they viewed the tapes were collected a posteriori. The data was analyzed by (a) transcribing the players' actions and verbalizations, (b) decomposing their activity into elementary units of meaning, and (c) grouping the elementary units into larger sets. The results showed that the matches began with an inquiry into the specific features of the opponent's play. This was followed by reproducing the actions identified as effective during the inquiry. The results are discussed in relation to the role of training in expert performance. 相似文献
16.
Kinetics of the upper limb during table tennis topspin forehands in advanced and intermediate players 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Iino Y Kojima T 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2011,10(4):361-377
The purpose of this study was to determine the significance of mechanical energy generation and transfer in the upper limb in generating the racket speed during table tennis topspin forehands. Nine advanced and eight intermediate table tennis players performed the forehand stroke at maximum effort against light and heavy backspin balls. Five high-speed video cameras operating at 200 fps were used to record the motions of the upper body of the players. The joint forces and torques of the racket arm were determined with inverse dynamics, and the amount of mechanical energy generated and transferred in the arm was determined. The shoulder internal rotation torque exerted by advanced players was significantly larger than that exerted by the intermediate players. Owing to a larger shoulder internal rotation torque, the advanced players transferred mechanical energy from the trunk of the body to the upper arm at a higher rate than the intermediate players could. Regression of the racket speed at ball impact on the energy transfer to the upper arm suggests that increase in the energy transfer may be an important factor for enabling intermediate players to generate a higher racket speed at impact in topspin forehands. 相似文献
17.
中国优秀青年乒乓球运动员战术特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,乒乓球规则发生了3次重大变革,以2003年1月参加中国青年奥运集训比赛的114名运动员的1 128场比赛的现场统计为依据,分析不同竞技水平的男、女运动员在战术方面的差异及原因,并在此基础上指出目前国际乒乓球运动的发展趋势及中国乒乓球队在战术训练上应注意的问题和对策。 相似文献
18.
Recreational tennis players tend to have higher incidence of tennis elbow, and this has been hypothesised to be related to one-handed backhand technique and off-centre ball impacts on the racket face. This study aimed to investigate for a range of participants the effect of off-longitudinal axis and off-lateral axis ball–racket impact locations on racket and forearm joint angle changes immediately following impact in one-handed tennis backhand groundstrokes. Three-dimensional racket and wrist angular kinematic data were recorded for 14 university tennis players each performing 30 “flat” one-handed backhand groundstrokes. Off-longitudinal axis ball–racket impact locations explained over 70% of the variation in racket rotation about the longitudinal axis and wrist flexion/extension angles during the 30 ms immediately following impact. Off-lateral axis ball–racket impact locations had a less clear cut influence on racket and forearm rotations. Specifically off-longitudinal impacts below the longitudinal axis forced the wrist into flexion for all participants with there being between 11° and 32° of forced wrist flexion for an off-longitudinal axis impact that was 1 ball diameter away from the midline. This study has confirmed that off-longitudinal impacts below the longitudinal axis contribute to forced wrist flexion and eccentric stretch of the wrist extensors and there can be large differences in the amount of forced wrist flexion from individual to individual and between strokes with different impact locations. 相似文献
19.
从项群理论的视角看网球运动的某些项目特点 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
近些年来,网球运动在世界范围内得到了很大的发展,网球已经成为仅次于足球的最受人们欢迎的世界第二大运动。在这种形势下,我国的网球运动水平也取得了长足的进步,特别是涌现出一批有较高水平的女子运动员,她们在世界比赛中取得了不错的战绩。尤其是李婷和孙甜甜在雅典奥运会上 相似文献
20.
The purpose of this article was to examine the effect of equipment scaling, through the modification of tennis ball compression, on elite junior tennis players (aged 10 years) within a match-play context. The two types of ball compressions that were compared were the standard compression (the normal ball) and 75% compression (termed the modified ball). Ten boys and 10 girls participated in the study. Participants were stratified into pairs based on their Australian Age Ranking and gender. Each pair played two two-set matches: one match with standard compression balls and one match with modified balls. The characteristics of each match were analysed and compared. The results showed that the use of the modified ball increased rally speed, allowed players to strike the ball at a lower (more comfortable) height on their groundstrokes and increased the number of balls played at the net. Ball compression had no effect on the relative number of winners, forehands, backhands, first serves in and double faults. The results are discussed in relation to skill acquisition for skilled junior tennis players. 相似文献