共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
John E. Newhagen 《The Information Society》2013,29(5):395-400
A major step in resolving conceptual ambiguity surrounding interactivity involves making a distinction between micro-level psychological processes and the macro-level societal effects that emerge from them. The proposition cuts against the epistemological grain of social sciences, such as psychology and sociology, which have ontological commitments to a particular level of analysis. The position advanced here suggests theories where processes operate at one level and generate effects that emerge at a higher level. Further, it is argued that the best place to begin looking at the process of interaction is at the level of the neural circuit, a realm far below discussions that center at the interpersonal or cultural levels. 相似文献
2.
Clusters,convergence, and economic performance 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper evaluates the role of regional cluster composition in regional industry performance. On the one hand, diminishing returns to specialization in a location can result in a convergence effect: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be declining in the level of economic activity of that industry. At the same time, positive spillovers across complementary economic activities can provide an impetus for agglomeration: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be increasing in the “strength” (i.e., relative presence) of related industries. Building on Porter (1998, 2003), we develop a systematic empirical framework to analyze the role of regional clusters – groups of closely related industries operating within a particular region – in the growth of regional industries. We exploit data from the US Cluster Mapping Project to examine the effects of agglomeration within regional clusters after controlling for convergence at the region-industry level. Our findings suggest that industries located in a strong cluster register higher employment and patenting growth. Regional industry growth also increases with the strength of related clusters in the region and with the strength of similar clusters in adjacent regions. We also find evidence of the complementarity between employment and innovation performance in regional clusters: both the initial employment and patenting strength of a cluster have a separate positive effect on the employment and patenting growth of the constituent industries. Finally, we find that new regional industries emerge where there is a strong cluster. These findings are consistent with multiple types of externalities arising in clusters, including knowledge, skills, and input–output linkages. 相似文献
3.
根据对浙江省高技术产业中1111家企业2003-2005年的调查数据,研究了不同类型的技术引进和产品出口对企业自主研发投资的影响。实证研究结果表明,总体上看,技术引进和出口对于企业的自主研发没有产生显著影响。从技术引进和出口贸易的不同类型来看,非体现性技术引进对企业自主研发有显著的正向影响,而体现性技术引进则没有显著的正面影响,甚至有一定的负面作用。高技术产品出口对企业的自主研发有显著的积极影响,但是,传统产品出口对企业的自主研发具有显著的负作用。本研究结果对于提升我国企业创新能力具有重要的政策指导意义。 相似文献
4.
Francesco Bogliacino 《Research Policy》2010,39(6):799-809
The relationship between innovation and employment is addressed in this article through a model and empirical test at industry level for eight European countries in 1994-2004. We investigate this relationship for manufacturing and services and propose a Revised Pavitt taxonomy (covering both of them) in order to identify specific patterns of technological change and job creation and loss. The contrasting effects of strategies of technological or cost competitiveness are investigated using innovation variables from CIS2 and CIS3. Together with demand, wages and industry dynamics, they account for changes in employees and hours worked. The diversity in these relations across industries is also explored; when the model is applied to each Revised Pavitt class, different mechanisms of technological change and effects on jobs emerge. 相似文献
5.
Using the field of knowledge management, this paper examines how discourses form and evolve from the perspective of eduction (a type of reasoning that involves extracting principles from data). Conceptual development within a discipline depends on concepts borrowed from other disciplines through the interaction of two multifaceted, interwoven processes: the scientific process and the social process. On the basis of a citation analysis, this paper illustrates how this interaction creates two distinct episodes of eduction that coexist and evolve in parallel. The concept of eduction does not separate the effects of the social process from the scientific process and realistically assumes that both processes are necessary. Thus, collaborative interests expand and contract, leading to the development of the discipline from other disciplines, while simultaneously establishing its own foundations. This study has implications for understanding how other discourses emerge, diffuse their ideas, and shape new fields and for understanding interdisciplinary interactions. 相似文献
6.
《Research Policy》2023,52(7):104796
Social exclusion represents a major challenge to policies advocating sustainable development in the Global South. Although this is a problem not prioritized in the realms of innovation policy focused on economic growth and competitiveness, it is now widely accepted that innovation may contribute significantly to the well-being of the social excluded. However, it is debated whether the innovation system approach is capable of informing transformational innovation policies aiming at overcoming social exclusion and other global challenges. This paper argues that the system innovation approach is adequate for facing this endeavour and identifies key constituent elements of innovation systems which are necessary for inclusion to emerge from the system dynamics. We illustrate the elements of this system configuration drawing upon the case of the appropriation of biorational approaches in pest management and precision agriculture techniques by a group of peasants in a rural village in Colombia. The proposal considers new elements that configure inclusive innovation systems in an agent-based, bottom-up perspective, such as new agents, capabilities, directionalities, and the integration of traditional knowledge with scientific and technology knowledge, elements that enable a new system function. In terms of policy implications, some reflections are made on favouring the sustainability paradigm and promoting inclusive learning processes. 相似文献
7.
Using a process component lens, this paper decomposes an e-business process into technical, relational, and business components. We then draw on resource orchestration theory to identify two managerial actions, resources structuring and capabilities leveraging in using e-business process components, to explain how these three components work together to improve competitive performance in supply chain operations. Two interesting insights emerge from our empirical research corresponds to value creation mechanisms. First, we identify the critical three portfolio effects to promote platform architecture flexibility and partner engagement to develop e-business operations capabilities (EBOCs) in three major e-business processes. Second, we reveal the transformation effect of EBOCs in different e-business processes in obtaining competitive performance. The notion of portfolio and transformation mechanisms of e-business process components offers theoretical and practical implications for developing successful digital supply chain platform. 相似文献
8.
《普罗米修斯》2012,30(1):23-40
Much of the Knowledge Management (KM) literature assumes that all relevant knowledge can be represented as information and 'managed'. But the meaning of information is always context-specific and open to subsequent reinterpretation. Moving over time or between contexts affords scope for new meanings to emerge. Making sense of information signals (speech, body language, tone-of-voice or whatever)--Aand the absence of such signals--Ainvolves dimensions of individual and collective tacit knowledge that are frequently misrepresented or ignored in mainstream KM. By relating power and knowledge to 'rules of the game', it is possible to consider how the contexts in which information is rendered meaningful are bounded, as well as crucially related in the stretch between macro-level processes and micro-level practices. In the knowledge debate, Japan stands as a counterfactual to Anglo-Saxon expectations about formal rules, liberal individualism and market-rational entrepreneurship. While seminal accounts of knowledge creation in Japanese companies impelled the West towards KM, there has been no corresponding KM-boom in Japan. Our interpretation of the processes by which Japanese and Anglo-Saxon practices are situated suggests that KM is limited by the separation of knowledge from power and information from meaning. 相似文献
9.
随着越来越多的中国企业走出国门,跨国家、跨区域经营的国际多元化现象越来越普遍。如何进行国际多元化成为摆在中国企业面前的重要课题。基于国际多元化研究,以中国民营企业为研究对象,从国家和区域2个层次,整合分析了内向和外向国际多元化对企业海外绩效的影响,结果发现:企业通过内向国家多元化提升了海外绩效,但内向区域多元化会降低海外绩效;外向(国家和区域)多元化弱化了内向国家多元化对海外绩效的作用。 相似文献
10.
黄河宁蒙河段的水文和水温过程近几十年来发生了显著变化,迫切需要评估这一变化对河道形态、凌汛的影响及其可能的致灾效应。利用同水位河道过水断面形态参数分析方法,选取宁蒙河段稳定封冻区域（石嘴山-头道拐）的石嘴山、磴口、巴彦高勒、三湖河口和头道拐5个主要水文站,根据2008-2013年凌汛前实测断面资料,计算相应年份5个水文站同水位下的河道断面面积、平均水深和深泓点高程。结果表明,宁蒙河段近年来凌汛期的径流量和水温呈现逐渐增大的趋势,下泄流量过程有助于减少凌灾发生的几率;各水文站凌汛前的断面面积和平均水深等断面形态参数呈逐年增大的趋势,深泓点高程不断降低。河道过水断面形态的这种变化增大了凌汛期河道的过流能力,有助于缓解开河期可能出现的凌汛灾情。 相似文献
11.
Artificial intelligence (AI) will transform business practices and industries and has the potential to address major societal problems, including sustainability. Degradation of the natural environment and the climate crisis are exceedingly complex phenomena requiring the most advanced and innovative solutions. Aiming to spur groundbreaking research and practical solutions of AI for environmental sustainability, we argue that AI can support the derivation of culturally appropriate organizational processes and individual practices to reduce the natural resource and energy intensity of human activities. The true value of AI will not be in how it enables society to reduce its energy, water, and land use intensities, but rather, at a higher level, how it facilitates and fosters environmental governance. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that research regarding AI for sustainability is challenged by (1) overreliance on historical data in machine learning models, (2) uncertain human behavioral responses to AI-based interventions, (3) increased cybersecurity risks, (4) adverse impacts of AI applications, and (5) difficulties in measuring effects of intervention strategies. The review indicates that future studies of AI for sustainability should incorporate (1) multilevel views, (2) systems dynamics approaches, (3) design thinking, (4) psychological and sociological considerations, and (5) economic value considerations to show how AI can deliver immediate solutions without introducing long-term threats to environmental sustainability. 相似文献
12.
把团队自反性和团队信任相结合引入高管团队(TMT)理论,并对相关文献进行梳理,提出研究假设及理论模型,通过对有效样本数据进行层级回归分析,探究TMT团队信任对团队过程和决策绩效的中介作用及TMT团队自反性对团队过程和团队信任的调节作用。研究结果表明,TMT团队过程对决策绩效具有显著的正向影响;TMT团队过程对团队信任也具有显著的正向影响;TMT团队信任对决策绩效也具有显著的正向影响;因此,TMT团队信任能中介团队过程对决策绩效的正向影响。另外,TMT团队自反性能调节团队过程对团队信任的正向影响。 相似文献
13.
This paper illustrates the tribulations of implementing a technology-based system to aid management of information at a Spa and a Salon. While the implementation may itself appear to be rather simplistic, a number of issues of concern emerge. These range from inadequate planning, inability to define organizational processes, and resistance to change due to poor management of user skills and interests. While the organization eventually achieved the investment objective it had set out for itself, the process of implementation was riddled with problems—disgruntled employees, unfair compensation plans and a general discontentment with the system. The paper contextualizes a range of issues related to information management and how a technological solution resulted in resistance to change and business process management challenges. 相似文献
14.
通过实验模拟方法,以66个3人小组在决策任务中的交流中断为情景,对突变情景下团队状态目标取向和互动过程对适应性的多重影响作用进行了探讨。根据Lewin的变革三阶段模型,运用多层数据模型(HLM)和层次回归技术对数据进行了分析。结果表明:在突变情景下,学习和绩效取向对团队适应性有积极的作用,团队成员的变革承诺在学习取向与团队适应性的作用关系中有调节效应,高变革承诺水平强化了团队学习取向对适应性的影响。在不同的变革阶段,状态目标取向对团队适应性的影响不同,而互动过程对团队适应的作用也存在差异性,随着时间的延展,团队出现高水平适应的概率增加。 相似文献
15.
以2005~2008年中国地方国有上市公司为样本,从公司滥用自由现金流进行过度投资视角出发,研究地方政府作为上市公司终极控制人时,其持有的现金流权以及"控制权与现金流权分离"所内涵的公司治理效应。实证结果表明:(1)只有当地方政府持有的现金流权较大时,现金流权的"激励效应"才会显现,能够抑制公司滥用自由现金流进行过度投资的行为;当持有的现金流权较小时,不足以发挥激励作用。(2)控制权与现金流权分离表现出"堑壕效应",但是当地方政府持有的现金流权较大时,以过度投资攫取控制权私利的成本加大,这种"堑壕效应"会有所收敛。本研究有助于理解转轨经济时期地方国有上市公司终极控股股东与外部中小股东之间的代理冲突,丰富了关于政府控制下公司治理问题研究的实证文献。 相似文献
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17.
This paper extends the existing research on the interplay of positive and negative feedback dynamics in the competition for business system dominance. By building on an analysis of the digital television launch in the United Kingdom, we find that the expectation of network externalities intensifies competition causing strong negative feedback effects to emerge. Actions aimed at improving one's position are systematically imitated and pre-emptied. Pressure builds up in the business system, and only when the weakest firms exit, the positive feedback effects are unleashed in their full magnitude. Our findings contribute to an improved understanding of institutional dynamics in new technology introduction. 相似文献
18.
Westfall C 《Isis; an international review devoted to the history of science and its cultural influences》2003,94(1):30-56
Historians of science have tended to focus exclusively on scale in investigations of largescale research, perhaps because it has been easy to assume that comprehending a phenomenon dubbed "Big Science" hinges on an understanding of bigness. A close look at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Bevalac, a medium-scale "mezzo science" project formed by uniting two preexisting machines--the modest SuperHILAC and the grand Bevatron--shows what can be gained by overcoming this preoccupation with bigness. The Bevalac story reveals how interconnections, connections, and disconnections ultimately led to the development of a new kind of science that transformed the landscape of large-scale research in the United States. Important lessons in historiography also emerge: the value of framing discussions in terms of networks, the necessity of constantly expanding and refining methodology, and the importance of avoiding the rhetoric of participants and instead finding words to tell our own stories. 相似文献
19.
互联网融合正推动制造业向数字化、网络化和智能化转型升级,是实现中国制造业高质量发展的重要路径。基于2009-2017年中国制造业上市公司数据,建立面板回归模型研究互联网融合对制造业全要素生产率的影响及作用机制,并检验了人力资本结构在这一影响过程中的调节效应。研究结果表明,制造业与互联网在技术层面和业务层面的融合提升了全要素生产率,主要是通过优化企业内部资本要素配置实现的;互联网融合与人力资本结构存在互补效应,高技能人才占比增加强化了互联网融合提升制造业全要素生产率和企业内部资本和劳动要素配置效率的作用;制造业与互联网融合在市场层面的融合程度低、质量差和高技能人才占比低、增速慢是当前中国存在的主要问题。研究结论从微观层面提供了互联网融合提升全要素生产率的直接证据,为推动制造业高质量发展提供了政策启示。 相似文献
20.
《Research Policy》2019,48(8):103765
With the process of digitalization now in full swing, many are wondering how the adoption of new technologies influences job creation and destruction. Much hinges upon the specific tasks that machines take on and how many new tasks are created through the adoption of new digital technologies. Some argue that most tasks that are at risk of automation are those performed by rather low- to medium-skilled employees, while most new tasks that emerge from the adoption of digital technologies complement high-skilled labor. We present evidence derived from representative survey data from Switzerland that is consistent with this view. Specifically, we find that increased investment in digitalization is associated with increased employment of high-skilled workers and reduced employment of low-skilled workers, with a slightly positive net effect. The main effects are almost entirely driven by firms that employ machine-based digital technologies, e.g. robots, 3D printing or the Internet of Things. We do not find any significant employment effects when non-machine-based digital technologies are considered, e.g. ERP, e-commerce or cooperation support systems. 相似文献