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党的十九大报告强调,推动经济发展质量变革、效率变革、动力变革,提高全要素生产率,从而为不断增强我国经济创新力和竞争力。本文运用双阶段的DEA方法,将高技术产业的创新过程分为研发产出阶段和经济转化阶段,测算2006-2015年间浙江省11个城市的高技术产业的创新效率,研究在高技术产业创新过程中的不同阶段,各个城市的效率值的大小。结果表明浙江省各个城市的在不同阶段存在投入资源不匹配,投入冗余情况。根据实证结果,对浙江省如何提高高技术产业的创新效率提出了建议。 相似文献
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基于文献研究和理论分析,构建高技术产业技术创新能力指标体系。采用2000—2015年中国高技术产业有关数据,利用统计分析方法和因子分析回归方法,从投入能力、创新能力、支撑能力和政策因素等方面实证分析各因素对高技术产业研发产出的影响。研究结果发现:知识产出与RD经费投入强度、企业资金投入、人员投入、企业数量和引进消化吸收再创新能力等有显著性关系;市场产出与企业资金投入、人员投入、RD经费投入强度、利润率和税负率等有显著性关系。最后,为政府及企业合理规划创新资源、科学提升产业研发产出提出相关对策建议。 相似文献
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《Research Policy》2022,51(10):104601
We study differences in the returns to R&D investment between German manufacturing firms that sell in international markets and firms that only sell in the domestic market. Using firm-level data for five high-tech manufacturing sectors, we estimate a dynamic structural model of a firm's discrete decision to invest in R&D and use it to measure the difference in expected long-run benefit from R&D investment for exporting and domestic firms. The results show that R&D investment leads to higher rates of product and process innovation among exporting firms and these innovations have a larger economic return in export market sales than domestic market sales. As a result of this higher payoff to R&D investment, exporting firms invest in R&D more frequently than domestic firms, and this endogenously generates higher rates of productivity growth. We use the model to simulate the introduction of export and import tariffs on German exporters, and find that a 20 % export tariff reduces the long-run payoff to R&D by 24.2 to 46.9 % for the median firm across the five industries. Overall, export market sales contribute significantly to the firm's return on R&D investment which, in turn, raises future firm value, providing a source of dynamic gains from trade. 相似文献
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This paper examines the sources of Europe's lagging business R&D performance relative to the US, particularly the role played by missing young leading innovators in high technology intensive sectors in Europe. It investigates through econometric analysis differences in the rates of return to R&D of European and US large R&D firms. It finds that, while in the US, young firms succeed in realizing significantly higher rates of return to R&D as compared to their older counterparts, including in high-tech sectors, European firms fail to generate significant rates of return, even if they are Yollies and even if they are in high-tech sectors. These findings can at least partly explain why Europe has less R&D intensive young leading innovators in high technology intensive sectors. 相似文献
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Dolores Añón Higón 《Research Policy》2007,36(7):964-979
One of the benefits claimed for investment in Research and Development (R&D) is that there is a spillover effect. Industries benefit from both their own R&D efforts as well as the efforts of other national and overseas industries. The present research presents new evidence on the long-term impact of R&D investment upon UK industry's productivity performance and on the nature of these “R&D spillovers”. The results suggest that R&D efforts from the industry itself and from other national industries have a positive impact on the industry's productivity but, interestingly, there is no gain from foreign R&D investment. 相似文献
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创新效率是影响高新技术产业在全球价值链分工地位的关键因素。采用随机前沿生产函数模型对中国2000-2015年高新技术产业创新效率进行测算统计分析,结果显示：（1）中国高新技术产业创新效率总体水平不高,尤其以新产品销售收入为最终产出的创新效率最为明显;（2）区域间高新技术产业创新效率总体呈现波动式上升,其增长率的地区分布存在明显差异;（3）高新技术产业创新效率中,技术损失效率部分主要来源于对外开放程度和政府支持力度,其中对外开放程度明显加速高新技术产业的创新效率损失,而政府支持力度则延缓创新效率损失;（4）不同条件下R&D经费存量和R&D人力资本存量对高新技术产业创新产出的影响均不一致;（5）从作为中间产品的专利到作为最终产品的新产品销售,高新技术产业创新效率在这一中间过程损失较大;（6）高新技术产业创新的空间溢出效应并不明显。 相似文献
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Several notions of a R&D paradox can be found in the literature. In the Swedish Paradox version, the emphasis is normally on high and growing levels of business R&D connected to comparatively low GDP growth rates. This paper examines whether this pattern is consistent over time and, more importantly, which sectors drive the aggregate patterns. Based on an investigation of the entire Swedish economy 1985-2001, there is clear evidence that the paradox occurs only in fast-growing manufacturing and service sectors. Fast-growing sectors show an increasing gap between R&D and value-added growth, while the slow-growing sectors do not. This paradox is not interpreted as a sign of failure of the national innovation system, as the largest gap would then be for the slow-growing sectors, failing to transform R&D to economic growth. The gap between R&D and GDP is consistent with the idea of diminishing marginal returns to R&D investment in high-investing sectors. The evidence does not rule out, however, that rendering the innovation system more effective could yield better outcomes. As the findings of a gap are quite consistent over time, it seems fair to conclude that businesses have good reasons for their high R&D investments, despite not being on par with their production growth. 相似文献
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首先,从新政实施对研发费用会计核算的影响以及新政下高新技术企业会计核算存在问题进行分析;其次,为高新技术企业设计研发费用会计核算优化方案;最后,结合J公司研发活动,详细说明优化方案的应用操作,为高新技术企业核算研发费用和税收优惠申报提供借鉴与启示。 相似文献
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In Canada, as in many other countries that have adopted R&D tax credits and allowances, there has been considerable controversy over their effectiveness in increasing company-financed research and development. This study seems to be one of the first systematic attempts to estimate the effects of Canada's R&D tax credits and allowances. The results present a very consistent picture. The survey results, the econometric results, and some simple calculations based on rough measures of the price elasticity of demand for R&D all suggest that the special research allowance increased R&D expenditures by about 1 percent and that the investment tax credit increased them by about 2 percent. These increases seem to be appreciably less than the revenue losses to the government. 相似文献
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创新效率是影响高新技术产业在全球价值链分工地位的关键因素。采用随机前沿生产函数模型对中国2000-2015年高新技术产业创新效率进行测算统计分析，结果显示：（1）中国高新技术产业创新效率总体水平不高，尤其以新产品销售收入为最终产出的创新效率最为明显；（2）区域间高新技术产业创新效率总体呈现波动式上升，其增长率的地区分布存在明显差异；（3）高新技术产业创新效率中，技术损失效率部分主要来源于对外开放程度和政府支持力度，其中对外开放程度明显加速高新技术产业的创新效率损失，而政府支持力度则延缓创新效率损失；（4）不同条件下R&D经费存量和R&D人力资本存量对高新技术产业创新产出的影响均不一致；（5）从作为中间产品的专利到作为最终产品的新产品销售，高新技术产业创新效率在这一中间过程损失较大；（6）高新技术产业创新的空间溢出效应并不明显。 相似文献
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运用随机非参数数据包络分析法,选取2011年—2016年的面板数据对中国高端制造业科技创新进行了分阶段分行业的效率测度,结果表明不同行业科技创新效率差别较大,行业差异具有异质性。在效率测度基础上利用Tobit模型对各阶段科技创新效率关键影响因素进行了实证分析后,提出了提升我国高端制造业科技创新效率的对策建议。 相似文献
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R&D encompasses plenty of activities which are usually summarized under the terms of basic research, applied research and development. Although basic research is often associated with low appropriability it provides the fundamental basis for subsequent applied research and development. Especially in the high-tech sector basic research capabilities are an essential component for a firm's success. We use firm-level panel data stemming from Belgian R&D surveys and apply a production function approach which shows that basic research exhibits a premium on a firm's output when compared to applied research and development. When we split the sample into high-tech and low-tech companies, we find a large premium of basic research for firms in high-tech industries, but no premium in low-tech sectors. 相似文献
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目前从区域视角探讨中国高技术产业创新效率动态演变趋势的研究基本为空白。为进一步描述和呈现近10年以来中国高技术产业区域创新效率的演变特征,并分析其隐含的政策启示和管理意义,提出一个较为综合的指标体系和评价方法,并结合2006—2017年的相关统计年鉴,对中国不同区域的高技术产业创新效率的动态演变趋势进行分析和对比研究。实证分析结果显示,近10年以来中国高技术产业创新效率整体呈现出典型的研发和转化不均衡状态,其中转化效率更低。这或许需要引起相关部门的关注,并在“十三五”期间的区域科技政策制定中适当采取针对性的措施。 相似文献
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基于2004—2016年中国省域高技术产业面板数据,采用动态空间计量模型和门槛面板模型,实证检验创新要素区际流动与省域高技术产业创新能力之间的关系,并探讨FDI嵌入其中的非线性调节作用。研究发现：中国高技术产业创新能力具有显著的空间溢出效应和正向空间累积效应,创新要素的区际流动以及FDI流入过程均具有显著的空间依赖性;R&D人员和R&D资本的区际流动均对流入地的高技术产业创新能力具有显著的杠杆效应,而FDI 较为明显地促进了R&D资本流动的创新效应;在R&D人员流动和R&D资本流动产生创新动能的过程中,FDI的调节作用均呈现非线性特征,其作用强度具有倒U型演化特征。本文结论为高技术产业创新能力促进政策的科学制定提供参考。 相似文献
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This paper studies the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on total factor productivity (TFP) for a cross sectional sample of Chinese industrial sectors. The possible determinants of TFP are sought with special focus on FDI. An endogeneity test is performed in order to avoid inconsistent results. Evidence indicates that foreign presence, the level of R&D and the firm size are the most important factors enhancing TFP in Chinese industries. The findings from this study support the argument that attracting FDI is an effective way of introducing advanced technology to host countries. 相似文献
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Keith Dickson 《Research Policy》1983,12(2):113-120
This paper argues that the United Kingdom Ministry of Defence's (MoD) sponsorship of industrial semiconductor research and development (R&D) has, by its very nature, influenced the type of R&D performed, and the directions it has taken, to the extent of limiting its potential for subsequent commercial utilization. While much of the fault appears to lie with the semiconductor industry's response to MoD funding of its R&D, especially its over-reliance on such external support, the paper also suggests that the structure, modus operandi, and funding mechanisms of the MoD department concerned have significantly affected the industry's R&D activities. With these criticisms in mind, while at the same time noting the advantageous features of this department's activities, such as its relative autonomy, brief suggestions for ensuring more coherent and continuous state support for semiconductor R&D, including, for example, the use of innovation-oriented procurement policies, are offered. 相似文献
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通过运用DEA-Malmquist指数对我国2006-2016年省级科技服务业发展的技术效率以及全要素生产率进行测度,结果表明：科技服务业整体发展效率较低,已有生产要素投入潜力未能得到有效挖掘,处于规模不经济状态;科技服务业TFP以年均9.8%的速度增长,其中主要源动力来自技术进步变化,而技术效率变化对TFP增长的贡献较弱;生产率指数区域发展不均衡,高水平与较高水平区逐渐从东部地区向中西部地区扩散,地区间技术效率变化差异显著。要促使科技服务业效率提高,需要加大研发投入促进自主创新,完善制度环境加强管理创新,因地制宜缩小区域差异等。 相似文献
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There have been many previous studies exploring the relationship between R&D performance and firm size; however, to our knowledge, this issue has never been examined in terms of R&D output elasticity. This paper therefore sets out to re-examine the relationship of the two variables using R&D output elasticity as a measure of R&D performance. A total of 126 manufacturing firms, listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period from 1994 to 2000, are taken as the analytical sample. One practical consideration for choosing these particular firms is the relative abundance of data available for the variables for a longitudinal investigation. The estimates suggest that there is an approximating ‘U-type’ relationship between R&D productivity and firm size. This finding suggests that both large and small firms have higher R&D productivity, and even when the sample is divided into the high-tech and traditional sectors, such a finding still holds. Therefore, in contrast to the prior studies, this study shows that size offers advantage in R&D performance. 相似文献