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1.
Capranica L Minganti C Billat V Hanghoj S Piacentini MF Cumps E Meeusen R 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2005,76(2):212-223
In general, women are well represented among sport participants and sport audiences but not in the media. Data show that women's sport is greatly underreported and trivialized in newspapers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure press coverage during the 2000 Summer Olympic Games in the largest circulating Belgian, Danish, French, and Italian daily newspapers by: (a) number of articles, (b) size, (c) page placement, (d) accompanyingphotographs, and (e) photograph size. For each sport covered, the athletes' nationality and the gender were recorded. Compared to the 1996 Atlanta Games, there was an increase of 326 female athletes (+4 %), and women competed in 25 sports and 132 events (44 %) of the total 300 events. Although only 29.3 % of the articles and 38 % of photos were on women 's sports, the newspaper coverage was similar to the distribution of participating athletes and events. No significant gender differences were found with respect to article size, page placement, accompanying photographs, or photograph size. The most covered sport was track and field, independent of national achievement. Other sports received different coverage in relation to national expectations, achievement, and participation. In conclusion, there was a trend to overcome gender inequities in media coverage during the Olympic Games, which may be due to the International Olympic Committee's actions to promote increased participation of women in sport activities and to publicize their achievements. Moreover, during the Olympic Games, a nationalistic fervor might affect the equality of gender coverage. 相似文献
2.
This study aimed at determining the amount of Italian television coverage dedicated to men's and women's sport and the number of male and female viewers during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. AUDITEL-AGB Nielsen Media Research Italia provided the TV airtime data for the sport events broadcast, which were classified into three categories: men-only, women-only, and mixed-gender. The viewer sample was divided by age and gender and included three audience parameters: mean audience, share, and appreciation index. The last item is calculated from the program duration, audience permanence, and the share related to programs broadcast by other Italian channels. In particular, the appreciation index was used to investigate the relationship between (a) the viewer's and sport participants' gender and (b) the effect of Italian participation and expectations for sport achievement. The data showed that Italian male athletes outnumbered their female counterparts. Women's sport was allotted significantly less airtime than men's sport, but this imbalance was not proportional to the gender difference in the overall athletes' participation in the Games. Although the female audience represented 45% of the total, a significantly higher male mean audience and share were found. On the other hand, the appreciation of men's and women's sport events was balanced after equating for differences in media coverage. Moreover, sport achievement might have a positive effect on the trend toward equality of gender coverage, indicating that a global multisport event such as the Olympic Games is central to communicating a national image and identity independently of the athletes' gender. 相似文献
3.
Twitter is used by athletes, sporting teams and sports media to provide updates on the results of sporting events as they happen. Unlike traditional forms of sports media, online sports media offers the potential for diverse representations of athletes. The current study examined gender in social media coverage of the 2016 Olympic Games using a third wave feminist lens. The analysis focused on the Twitter pages of ‘Team GB’ and the ‘Australian Olympic team’ and the sports stories and images posted during the Rio Olympic Games. Despite a number of traditional differences in the ways that male and females were represented being present, such as the presence of ‘active’ images of male athletes accompanying sports stories and the presence of infantalization in the language used to represent female performers, this analysis demonstrated significant strides forward in terms of the quantity of coverage received by women in online spaces. It further highlights virtual platforms as dynamic spaces for the representation of women athletes. 相似文献
4.
《Sport Management Review》2015,18(3):331-342
The 2012 London Olympic Games were heralded as the “Year of the Woman” as every delegation sent a female athlete to compete in the games, and nearly 45% of all athletes were women. Indeed, sport participation amongst girls and women is currently at an all-time high, and these sportswomen deliver remarkable athletic performances. However, female athletes and women's sport still receive starkly disparate treatment by the sport media commercial complex compared to male athletes and men's sport. This review documents these qualitative and quantitative differences and discusses the negative impact this differential coverage has on consumer perceptions of women's sport and female athletes. Additionally, the author examines explanations for these differences. The review concludes with suggestions for future research and strategies for change. 相似文献
5.
Capranica L Tessitore A D AE Cortis C Casella R Camilleri E Pesce C 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2008,79(1):101-115
This study aimed at determining the amount of Italian television coverage dedicated to men's and women's sport and the number of male and female viewers during the 2004 Summer Olympic Games. AUDITEL-AGB Nielsen Media Research Italia provided the TV airtime data for the sport events broadcast, which were classified into three categories: men-only, women-only, and mixed-gender. The viewer sample was divided by age and gender and included three audience parameters: mean audience, share, and appreciation index. The last item is calculated from the program duration, audience permanence, and the share related to programs broadcast by other Italian channels. In particular, the appreciation index was used to investigate the relationship between (a) the viewer's and sport participants' gender and (b) the effect of Italian participation and expectations for sport achievement. The data showed that Italian male athletes outnumbered their female counterparts. Women's sport was allotted significantly less airtime than men's sport, but this imbalance was not proportional to the gender difference in the overall athletes' participation in the Games. Although the female audience represented 45% of the total, a significantly higher male mean audience and share were found. On the other hand, the appreciation of men's and women's sport events was balanced after equating for differences in media coverage. Moreover sport achievement might have a positive effect on the trend toward equality of gender coverage, indicating that a global multisport event such as the Olympic Games is central to communicating a national image and identity independently of the athletes' gender. 相似文献
6.
《European Journal of Sport Science》2013,13(8):757-763
AbstractThe aim of this article was to examine sex equity in the photographic coverage of the London 2012 Olympic Games by a French sports daily newspaper. A sample of 1073 photographs was collected and analysed. A content analysis was carried out focusing on the number of photographs, the space they cover, their location and position, the type and colour of shot and the sport they depict. A significant under-representation of female athletes’ photographs was found. However, contrary to most of previous research in this field, the other quantitative and qualitative variables do not show any differences. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the number of photographs for each sport and the number of French medals was found (for women, for men and for the whole sample), suggesting that the photographic coverage of this event is mainly based on the success of French athletes independently of their sex. 相似文献
7.
The 1920s was characterised by a struggle over the social acceptance and inclusion of women's track and field disciplines into international organisations. The debate was particularly heated between Alice Milliat, the then president of the Fédération Sportive Féminine Internationale, and the members of the International Athletic Federation and International Olympic Committee. Underlying the debate were differing assumptions about gender ideals and the role of women in society. While Milliat's efforts have been crucial and recognised in developing women's track and field, little research has examined how visual representations of track and field athletes related to gender norms. In this paper, we examine a corpus of professional sports photographs taken during the 1926 Women's Games in Gothenburg to gain understanding of how female athletes' media representations were part of negotiations over gender ideals. Placing the material within the notion of ‘gender dispositive’, our analyses reveal a process of negotiation between the ‘new’ woman ideal that included characteristics such as autonomy and self-control, as well as the mechanisation of women's bodies and traditional notions of femininity. 相似文献
8.
AbstractMass media play a major role in influencing societal views of female athletes and in shaping the relationship between women and sport. While female athletes historically tend to receive little media coverage, the Olympic Games provide an opportunity to feature sports for both male and female athletes. This paper, guided by critical feminist theory, focuses on televised media’s presentation of female athletes in the 2016 Summer Olympic Games, reporting particularly on the broadcast narrative. Common themes include comparison to male athletes, heterosexualizing female athletes, women as wives and mothers, shaming, and male privilege. The role of production, social media, and female athletes’ perceptions on this presentation are also discussed. 相似文献
9.
Susanna Hedenborg 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(7):789-804
The purpose of this article is to analyse the cultural information on (Olympic) sports presented in Swedish media coverage of the London Games 2012. A starting point for the analysis is that the media plays an important part in shaping a majority of the viewers' ideas about what sport is, and who is a real sportsman or sportswoman. In that way, the media gives cultural information on sports. The article focuses on a quantitative analysis of media representations, exploring how coverage intersects with gender and nationality, and devotes special attention to a comparison between the ways in which Sweden and Britain are represented in the media. The study demonstrates that there was a higher percentage of articles on Swedish sportswomen participating in the London Olympic Games compared to previous Olympics. A possible explanation is that the Swedish gender equality discourse has permeated the Swedish media, influencing it to cover sportswomen more than before. In addition, the cultural information presented to the Swedish readership about the London Olympic Games is, in short and oversimplified, nationalism rather than internationalism; that women, and especially Swedish women, practise sport; that track and field, swimming, handball, equestrian sports and football are very important and that they are performed by both men and women; and, finally, that in Britain, men play football and women are not involved in many sporting activities. 相似文献
10.
对中国田径队备战2008年北京奥运会的分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
刘茂辉 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2006,24(1)
运用文献资料法、比较分析法、逻辑归纳法、数理统计法,分析中国田径运动员在近几年的奥运会、世界田径锦标赛、亚运会等比赛中的表现,认为中国田径运动员在雅典奥运会获得两枚金牌后,全社会提高了对田径运动的认识,运动成绩整体处于稳中上升阶段,个别项目成绩突出、达到世界水平。分析研究今后三年备战奥运会的重点问题:保持现有的优势项目,扩大优势项目的整体水平;重振女子中长跑、女子竞走昔日雄风:发展运动技术相对复杂适合自身特点的田径运动项目,争取有所突破;充分发挥女子项目整体优势,延长运动寿命和运动成绩;提高年轻运动员的国际比赛的竞技能力和比赛经验。中国田径运动有希望在2008年北京奥运会上获得4￣5枚金牌。 相似文献
11.
在运动竞赛或体育比赛中,主场效应是影响运动员运动成绩的原因之一。结合2018年平昌奥运会各比赛项目,分析出主场效应的影响因素为：旅途因素、环境因素、观众因素、裁判因素以及运动员的心理状态因素;对冬奥会各比赛项目进行项群分类,并分别对项目特征及其主场效应进行具体分析,旨在为我国冬季项目运动员备战冬奥会期间有针对性地采取应对措施,在比赛中取得良好成绩提供理论参考。 相似文献
12.
以近10届冬奥会(第14—23届冬奥会)东道国为研究对象,系统研究冬奥会主办国金牌数量、奖牌数量、奖牌榜排名、不同运动分项奖牌数量等东道国优势特征,从国家竞技体育发展政策与经费投入、主场观众因素、场地熟悉程度、运动员参赛人数等角度分析冬奥会东道国优势效应产生原因;建立逻辑回归模型,预测我国运动员2022年北京冬奥会奖牌数量将创冬奥会参赛史最好成绩。借鉴冬奥会东道国办赛经验,提出我国运动员备战2022年北京冬奥会、创造冬奥会最佳参赛成绩策略:1)妥善应对疫情,实现参赛出彩目标;2)突出优势项目,确保运动员争金夺牌;3)利用场地优势,实现运动成绩新突破;4)适应观众氛围,发挥运动员最佳竞技状态;5)补齐项目短板,赛出运动员风格与水平。 相似文献
13.
14.
石大玲 《体育成人教育学刊》2012,28(5):67-68
夏季奥运会是世界上规律最大的综合性体育盛会,而夏季奥运会的"金牌运动员"是我国竞技体育优秀运动员群体中的特殊人才,他们的成功经验值得各项目优秀运动员借鉴。系统地分析了我国金牌运动员成才的影响因素,以揭示我国金牌运动员成才的一般规律和成功经验。 相似文献
15.
以我国第10届“全运会”和第28届“奥运会”女子七项全能前八名运动员为研究对象,运用灰色理论“优势分析”方法,对“全运会”和“奥运会”女子七项全能前八名运动员总分与七个子项成绩进行对比分析。研究表明:“全运会”女子七项全能优势项目较“奥运会”少二项,劣势子项多二项,主要体现在径赛项目上,且“全运会”选手各单项水平发展参差不齐。从而得出:我国女子七项全能水平与世界相比,差距很大,应加大劣势项径赛项目的科学训练力度,注重七个子项均衡发展的结论。企望为我国女子七项全能运动员、教练员在2008年奥运会上取得好成绩提供科学的理论依据和训练参考。 相似文献
16.
对历届奥运会男女径赛不同项目的比赛成绩t与比赛距离S及比赛届次N进行统计分析,以回归分析法建立了t-N二者关系模型及t-N-S三者关系模型,可用于分析与预测各届次的比赛成绩,提出了基于近期奥运会最高纪录的各项径赛最好成绩t与径赛距离S的关系,可较准确预测近期未来奥运各项径赛是否可破纪录的情况。根据这一预测,第29届奥运会男女径赛将在100m、800m、1500m、5000m项目上有望提高或打破奥运会纪录。 相似文献
17.
Linda J Borish 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(2):197-235
Charlotte Epstein advocated ardently for American women's competitive swimming and expanded swimming for women nationally and internationally in the early twentieth century. In her leadership as chair of the Athletic Branch of the National Women's Life Saving League (1913), and in battling the United States Olympic Committee to allow girls from the swim club she founded, the Women's Swimming Association of New York (1917), to compete in the 1920 Olympics, Epstein as an athlete and administrator advanced women's aquatic sports. This article explores the importance of Charlotte Epstein, an American Jewish woman, and the gender and ethnic contexts of her efforts in increasing women's participation in various swimming events. Epstein's ties with Jewish organizations such as the Young Women's Hebrew Association and the Maccabiah Games shaped her identity in aquatic sports. This analysis of Epstein's activism in swimming, such as in promoting swim races for suffrage and bathing-suit reform, illustrates her vital role in women's physical emancipation in the water and in American culture. 相似文献
18.
2008年北京奥运会的圣火已经熄灭。当人们为中国竞技体育的辉煌战绩举杯庆贺之时,我们却想做一点冷思考,以日本、韩国举办奥运会后竞技体育的滑坡为前车之鉴,意在提醒中国竞技体育要为衰落作准备。因为大部门体制改革将会动摇“举国体制”的根基,再加上以人为本的和谐社会对大众体育的呼唤,竞技体育人才“源头”的萎缩与“出口”的堵塞,民众的社会心理期待等,将可能会使后北京奥运时代的中国竞技体育步履维艰。 相似文献
19.
Samantha Nanayakkara 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(13):1885-1906
The participation of women in sport is significant to socio-economic empowerment in any country. Evidence reveal that although South Asian female athletes are capable of winning medals in the Olympics, a very low percentage of the South Asian female population ever participate actively in sport. The status and circumstances to participate in sport are restricted for many female athletes in South Asia. This paper examined the main factors that influence women's sporting participation in South Asian countries. Data were analysed by using documentary analysis method. This paper analysed a combination of concepts addressing women and sport in South Asia in two ways. Firstly, it emphasises the issues and patterns of women's participation in sport in South Asian countries after the independence from the British Empire. Secondly, it highlights the benefits to South Asian societies of women's participation in sport, but argues why South Asian women are trivialised in sports participation. Results revealed the inequalities and discrimination that constrain women from participating in the South Asian sports sector as personal, social and cultural barriers. Possible solutions are provided to reduce these factors to encourage South Asian women's participation in sport. Success and the implications of South Asian governments’ interventions on women and sport are also discussed. Results of this study revealed the inequalities and discrimination that constrain women from participating in the South Asian sports sector is continuing. 相似文献
20.
Simona Petracovschi 《国际体育史杂志》2013,30(7):774-788
While the Los Angeles Olympic Games in 1984 constituted Romania's best performance ever, 2012 London Olympic Games were characterised by the worst performance in its history. During the time between these two events, the country went from being a communist regime to a liberal government. This transition invites consideration of the transformation Romania's sports policy underwent and its repositioning with regard to the Olympic Movement, both before and after the 1989 turning point. Analysis suggests that, in failing to professionalise Romanian sport, the Romanian Olympic and Sports Committee (COSR) was tempted to readopt a model of state-financed sport, with the aim of reinstating the nation to its former position among the world's sporting elite. 相似文献