共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Though much information behaviour takes place in collaborative settings, information behaviour processes are commonly perceived and modelled by information scientists as individual processes. The paper presents and discusses the findings from a qualitative preliminary case study exploring Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process (ISP) model in a group-based educational setting. The aim of the study was to explore if members of a group behave differently from the individual modelled in the ISP model and further, if members of a group demonstrate different behaviours or they will assimilate and turn the group into ‘an individual’, just in another sense. During a project assignment, which lasted seven weeks, two groups of information science students filled out a questionnaire and kept diaries of their activities and information-related behaviour. Further, the students were interviewed three times each during the study. 相似文献
2.
Stuart S. Blume 《Research Policy》1974,3(1):40-76
This paper attempts to summarize the recent behavioural science literature dealing with the management of research personnel and of the organizational research function.Sociologists are divided over the salience of the institutional norms of science for organizational scientists. Do scientists in corporate environments find themselves torn between values and norms of behaviour absorbed during professional training, and the possibly very different values and norms of the organization in which they subsequently work? If indeed scientists are principally oriented to the wider scientific community, what incentives can management offer in order to secure or maintain their commitment? A number of rather different studies have sought correlations between the effectiveness or productivity of scientists and various characteristics of the organizations in which they work. Positive relationships have been demonstrated with, inter alia, extent and pattern of communication, the nature of managerial control, incentives provided, sizes and ages of research groups, and functional compared to project organization. Of course, technically successful research is no guarantee of substantial utility for a commercial organization.Whilst most of the literature relates to the industrial situation, this review attempts from time to time to point its relevance for management in the public sector. 相似文献
3.
No project is an island: linking projects to history and context 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mats Engwall 《Research Policy》2003,32(5):789-808
Theories on project management are dominated by a perspective on singular projects, treating the unit of analysis as a lonely phenomenon. Anchored in a comparative case study, this paper discusses how the interior processes of a project are influenced by its historical and organizational context. The paper illustrates how the structures and procedures employed in a project have to be understood in relation to previous and simultaneous courses of activity, to future plans, and to standard operating procedures, traditions, and the norms of its surroundings. The findings suggest that future research on project management needs to extend its temporal scope, analyzing how project practices evolve through history over prior, present, and future projects, as well as its organizational scope, analyzing how project practices relate to long-term institutions as well as simultaneous activities in its environment. 相似文献
4.
Jeannette A. Colyvas 《Research Policy》2007,36(4):456-476
The formation of Stanford University's technology transfer program in the life sciences is analyzed from 1968 to 1982. The program evolved from multiple models based on divergent definitions of invention, inventor, rewards, and university-industry boundaries. The eventual program that emerged proved to be widely emulated. The norms of the academy shaped the uses of resources and the conditions of their appropriation. In turn, the currency of industrial science prompted the rethinking of academic norms. The analysis offers insight into the early stages of institutionalization, as the ambiguity of important categories and flexibility of policies were transformed into organizational routines. Today's ‘settled’ outcomes are the product of highly divergent practices. 相似文献
5.
Information and Communication Technology Challenges to Scientific Professional Identity 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Increasingly, information and communication technology (ICT) uses are transforming professional activities and interactions in ways that challenge traditional assumptions about professional identity. In this article, we consider the ways in which the professional identities of research scientists in oceanography and marine biology are shaped by the use of ICTs. We draw empirical data from an ongoing study of scientific research collaborations that examines uses of basic communication technologies, as well as scientific technologies with embedded ICT components. Our analysis suggests that development and use of ICT-enabled scientific technologies are identity enhancing for many scientists, facilitating their development of unique areas of scientific knowledge. ICT-related changes in data collection, collaborative coordination, and scientific interaction also challenge traditional definitions of expertise and professional identity. An examination of these challenges directs attention to the project identities that form around ICT-enabled scientific technologies and the ways that those project identities are enacted through ICTs. 相似文献
6.
企业在联盟中存在主导身份与辅助身份之分，未联盟时则承担联盟外独立身份。基于企业利益驱动与组织自治权的逻辑，分析企业在上述组织身份之间的演化规律，并探究角色地位（主导地位与辅助地位）对身份演化的影响。基于中国风险投资行业2008—2016年的辛迪加网络面板数据进行SIENA模型检验，结果显示，主导地位和辅助地位的提升都会促进企业承担联盟外的独立身份，且主导地位的促进作用更加明显。出于联盟主导身份的独占性，主导地位越接近，企业联盟的可能性也越低。而且，在联盟内组织身份之间也存在演化趋势，早期积累的辅助地位会帮助企业实现身份的跃迁，企业承担联盟主导身份的趋势增强。研究结论丰富了联盟网络动态演化的考察视角，为非对称联盟合作关系拓展了新的研究方向。最后，对研究的理论贡献和实践价值进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
Elizabeth Yakel 《The Information Society》2001,17(4):233-245
Record-keeping practices are a central means by which organizations demonstrate accountability. These practices, though, are socially constructed and owe as much to organizational or professional cultural and ethical norms as to laws or procedural manuals. This article discusses accountability as a social construction situated in a specific spatial, temporal, and social setting; specifically, it details a qualitative study of radiological reading rooms. This research focuses on the preparation of one form of documentary evidence, the radiological report. Major findings include the need to think about accountability in the plural. Multiple accountabilities exist in both record-keeping processes and the records themselves. Sustaining and balancing these accountabilities can be difficult and can lead to compromises. Furthermore, accountabilities are the result of an iterative process between the individual and organizational levels that is required to make accountability robust and make it work. 相似文献
8.
新产品开发是一项跨职能的项目组织活动，其创新绩效受到项目成员间信任关系、团队领导方式及项目组织结构形态的综合影响，。论文基于相互依存性理论研究了三者团队信任、共享领导力对新产品开发创新绩效的作用机理。研究结果表明：目标明确性和任务互依性能促进团队信任程度增加，共享领导力在团队信任对创新绩效的作用关系中起到完全中介作用。此外，新产品开发采取的项目组织结构形态在团队信任、共享领导力、创新绩效的作用路径中起到明显调节作用。研究成果明确了共享领导力的机制设计对于提升新产品开发绩效起到十分重要作用，这为跨职能组织的团队管理提供了参考。 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Information Management》2014,34(6):770-779
Project-based organizations (PBO) are nowadays widespread in almost all the activity sectors. This type of organizations poses complex problems for information and knowledge management due to the fragmentation and lack of uniformity of organizational structures, processes, practices, and technologies. The ineffectiveness of knowledge sharing over time, between project teams, is perhaps the most prominent issue that PBO must deal with. This strongly affects organizational learning, which seems to under-deliver value to PBO. Therefore, relevant knowledge is trapped in an “informational limbo” out of reach, not being capitalized for the organization. This is particularly true in research and development (R&D) institutions, where knowledge sharing can be hindered by conceptual misunderstandings resulting from different disciplines, cultures and ways of working of project participants. This paper addresses such issues by analyzing, in a comprehensive way, how information and knowledge management can better suit project team's needs and at the same time improve organizational learning. An ethnographic study, based on immersed participant observation, is performed at a Portuguese R&D Institute, in order to understand the link between the way information is managed in a project and how people interact and learn by sharing knowledge between projects. Results provide a set of enterprise information management (EIM) recommendations. Findings also suggest that a PBO-wide EIM strategy, balancing knowledge codification and personalization mechanisms, is a feasible solution to overcome the problems of knowledge sharing in PBO. 相似文献
10.
Biomedical researchers often work with massive, detailed and heterogeneous datasets. These datasets raise new challenges of information organization and management for scientific interpretation, as they demand much of the researchers’ time and attention. The current study investigated the nature of the problems that researchers face when dealing with such data. Four major problems identified with existing biomedical scientific information management methods were related to data organization, data sharing, collaboration, and publications. Therefore, there is a compelling need to develop an efficient and user-friendly information management system to handle the biomedical research data. This study evaluated the implementation of an information management system, which was introduced as part of the collaborative research to increase scientific productivity in a research laboratory. Laboratory members seemed to exhibit frustration during the implementation process. However, empirical findings revealed that they gained new knowledge and completed specified tasks while working together with the new system. Hence, researchers are urged to persist and persevere when dealing with any new technology, including an information management system in a research laboratory environment. 相似文献
11.
In the defence industry the recent development of a ‘market for technology’, the creation of new European high-technology companies as well as transformations in government agencies have driven firms to reposition their technological and organizational skills. Our objective is to show that the transformations that have occurred in the past 10 years have not only redefined skills and the organization of production, but also have given a more strategic place to knowledge management (KM) practices. We provide a contextual and historical overview based on qualitative interviews, in order to better understand the relation between KM and innovative behaviour in this industry. We build an original industrial and technological database comprising various samples that provides quantitative information concerning KM and innovative practices. The results of the statistical analysis reveal the specificity of firms in this industry. Taking account of the size of these firms and their technological intensity, we show that the behaviour of defence industry firms in terms of KM practices, differs from that of other firms. This is evident from their technological performance, and innovation and patenting intensity. This structural tendency is explained as an innovative behaviour in the French national innovation system rather than merely a ‘trend’. 相似文献
12.
This paper presents the results of an on-going research project aiming at developing GraviCS, an information system supporting local government and citizens in managing argumentations during the setting up of a Regional Natural Park in Southern Italy. We consider that organizational memory, structured within information systems supporting decision-making and action in organizational environments, can be a useful means for developing multilevel (individual, group, organizational) collaborative learning; in this sense the system architecture was designed referring to the organizational domain emerging in the decision making context of a Natural Park and was finalized to the dynamic representation of the organizational memory. Starting from the case study – the process for the Gravina Natural Park setting-up – , the paper describes the system's architecture and discusses some issues related to: possible dynamic representations of organizational memory; creation, use and storage of decision/learning histories. 相似文献
13.
以调查数据为研究基础,将社会资本分为政府与民间两个变量,研究双重社会资本的不同影响,运用回归分析与结构方程模型探讨双重社会资本、治理行为与雾霾治理绩效三者间的关系.结果表明,双重社会资本对治理行为与雾霾治理绩效均有正向影响,两种治理行为均起到正向中介作用.特别地,具有公共服务性质的雾霾治理需要政策强制力来保障实施,号召性的信任因素与激励行为的正向影响有限.我国雾霾治理进程需要从规范、价值观、组织文化等多方面着手:颁布法律规范,弥补制度漏洞;增进彼此信任,加强公众监督;引导环保理念,发展绿色经济;协调多方行为,激励资本互动. 相似文献
14.
This is a historical study of organizational change projects based on documents as the primary data source. It covers a period of 15 years (1985–2000) at an offshore construction yard. The study shows that change agents created links between new and former projects when they prepared, introduced, and motivated employees for ‘yet another’ change project, a process coined as ‘institutional bridging.’ The bridges served both as legitimation of the new project and as a means to carry forward practices, values, and knowledge. For practicing managers and change agents, this finding implies that disruptive change may be avoided if one succeeds in building bridges between sequential change projects. Then planned change may serve both as carriers and as creators of organizational knowledge. Theoretically, the study contributes to the discussion of organizational carriers and how organizations continue and develop identity in contexts characterized by uncertainty and change. 相似文献
15.
Using intelligent agent-based systems to support information processing for executives has not been significantly advanced in both theory and practice. Research into this field tends to focus more on technical aspects than on social perspective. When executives are faced with increasing information availability and uncertainty in the business environment, using intelligent agent-based systems to enhance executives’ information processing capability appears both an opportunity and a necessity. This study examines UK executives’ perceptions of intelligent agent-based systems for information scanning, filtering, interpretation and alerting. The study follows a deductive research design, i.e. hypothesis formulation and testing from the user’s perspective. Qualitative data was collected through focus groups and interviews with executives in the UK. The study produces rich evidence that challenges preconceptions of using agent-based information processing system by executives. The findings develop insight into executives’ behavior in information processing, which has implications for intelligent system developers and organizational information processing practice. 相似文献
16.
文章基于创新网络位置的中介效应,探索业务整合和品牌协同两个维度的中国企业独特资源整合模式对知识溢出的传导机制;探索在并购双方不同资源相似性、互补性的匹配组合下,应采取的业务整合程度和品牌协同程度,比较不同资源条件下,并购整合影响产业知识溢出的路径的差异性。通过对102个中国制造业上市公司海外并购样本进行多群组结构方程实证与Bootstrap检验分析,得出结论,相似性强、互补性弱时,高业务整合程度与低品牌协同程度通过提升并购方全球创新网络中心度地位,促进产业知识溢出;资源相似性弱、互补性强时,低业务整合程度与高品牌协同程度通过提升并购方全球创新网络结构洞地位,促进产业知识溢出。文章对于突破传统国际化理论约束的所有权优势和产业发展“低端锁定”的内生增长路径,构建基于中国企业实践的海外并购整合对产业知识溢出理论框架,具有重要价值。 相似文献
17.
Noëmi Manders-Huits 《Ethics and Information Technology》2010,12(1):1-2
Over the past decade Identity Management has become a central theme in information technology, policy, and administration
in the public and private sectors. In these contexts the term ‘Identity Management’ is used primarily to refer to ways and
methods of dealing with registration and authorization issues regarding persons in organizational and service-oriented domains.
Especially due to the growing range of choices and options for, and the enhanced autonomy and rights of, employees, citizens,
and customers, there is a growing demand for systems that enable the regulation of rights, duties, responsibilities, entitlements
and access of innumerable people simultaneously. ‘Identity Management’ or ‘Identity Management Systems’ have become important
headings under which such systems are designed and implemented. But there is another meaning of the term ‘identity management’,
which is clearly related and which has gained currency. This second construal refers to the need to manage our moral identities
and our identity related information. This paper explores the relation between the management of our (moral) identities and
‘Identity Management’ as conceptualized in IT discourse. 相似文献
18.
This paper develops a typology of information cultures by synthesizing empirical and theoretical research in organization science and information science. Four information culture types are proposed. In a Result-oriented culture, the goal of information management is to enable the organization to compete and succeed in its market or sector. In a Rule-following culture, information is managed to control internal operations, and to reinforce rules and policies. In a Relationship-based culture, information is managed to encourage communication, participation, and a sense of identity. In a Risk-taking culture, information is managed to encourage innovation, creativity, and the exploration of new ideas. We expect most organizations to display to varying degrees norms and behaviors from all four types, and that the information culture profile of an organization would be related to its effectiveness. The paper ends by looking at the practical and theoretical value of a systematic examination of information culture and its link to organizational effectiveness. 相似文献
19.
We add a new perspective to research on organizational response to non-paradigmatic change by studying an irregular yet increasingly important form of organizing: meta-organizations (MOs), i.e., associations whose members are organizations, rather than individuals. We use extensive revelatory field data from three longitudinal case studies of German industry associations and their reactions to the emergence of online trade to show that MOs, similar to other organizations, respond with inertia when they are confronted with discontinuous breakthroughs. However, our data also demonstrate that MO inertia is idiosyncratic in that it stems from distinct MO characteristics, particularly a culture of consensus and an elitist identity, which in turn reinforce MOs’ lack of champions, limited environmental intimacy, and protracted decision-making. We also find that inertial forces in MOs are partially offset by various enablers of change that are either anchored in a given MO's constitution or embedded in its routines. We contribute to existing research on discontinuous change and theory of MOs by inducing a formal model of MO inertia and its underlying mechanisms. Our mid-range theory has important implications for the administration of MOs, in particular during periods of environmental turbulence. 相似文献
20.
本文应用理性行为理论,构建了项目经理魅力领导影响项目团队知识转移的模型。以项目经理魅力型领导作为自变量,团队成员心理安全感为中介变量,知识转移意愿为因变量,研究三者之间的影响关系,并探讨环境动态性在该影响关系中所起的调节作用。本文选取245名项目团队成员为研究样本,采用层级回归法进行数据分析。结果显示,项目经理魅力型领导对团队成员知识转移意愿有显著的正向影响;心理安全感在魅力型领导和知识转移意愿关系中起中介作用;环境动态性负向调节心理安全感对知识转移意愿的正向影响。本文研究发现不仅丰富了领导行为和知识转移的相关研究,还可以指导项目团队采取相关管理措施提升团队成员知识转移意愿,促进项目内知识转移,进而提高项目管理效率。 相似文献