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1.
《中国科技论坛》2020,(6)
本文基于微观经济学的相关理论,系统分析企业绿色技术创新市场失灵的原因及其对社会福利损失的影响,包括绿色技术创新的多重外部性、绿色产品消费的内部性和绿色技术创新进入壁垒等。在此基础上,分析价格规制、竞争规制和供求规制对减少市场主体在参与绿色技术创新活动中的外部效应、信息不对称性和进入壁垒的机理。研究表明:①市场价格规制对企业绿色技术创新研发水平的影响在很大程度上取决于主体的绿色技术创新能力,平均边际收益是政府市场规制对社会福利影响大小的关键因素;②竞争规制对企业绿色技术创新的影响机理要系统考虑社会成本和社会福利的关系,需要动态调整规制准入时机,以此提高社会福利;③政府绿色技术创新方向引导、标准倒逼和绿色消费引导是有效的供求规制,供求规制的效果在一定程度上取决于另外两项辅助规制的有效性。 相似文献
2.
从同群效应的视角出发,基于2009—2019年沪深A股上市公司数据,探讨同群企业的技术创新行为对目标公司自身创新决策的影响以及企业面临的制度环境、不确定性对同群效应的调节作用。研究发现,中国上市公司的技术创新行为存在显著的行业同群效应;市场化程度、知识产权保护程度以及政策不确定性正向调节同群效应,企业经营环境不确定性负向调节同群效应;无政治关联的企业创新的同群效应更容易受到政策环境不确定性的影响,行业领导者创新的同群效应更易受到经营环境不确定性的影响。因此,企业要善于学习、参考行业领导者的创新决策以获得更多行业和市场信息,同时也要从企业自身情况及外部环境出发进行创新决策;政府则要充分发挥市场对经济的调节作用,实现资源的优化配置。 相似文献
3.
本文基于2009-2019沪深A股上市公司数据,探讨了同群企业的技术创新行为对目标公司自身创新决策的影响,以及企业面临的制度环境、不确定性对同群效应的调节作用。研究发现：中国上市公司的技术创新行为存在显著的行业同群效应；市场化程度、知识产权保护程度以及政策不确定性正向调节同群效应,企业经营环境不确定性负向调节同群效应；无政治关联的企业创新的同群效应更容易受到政策环境不确定性的影响,行业领导者创新的同群效应更容易受到经营环境不确定性的影响。 相似文献
4.
企业摆脱对反应型绿色创新的低端锁定，向前摄型绿色创新战略升级，是中国绿色发展的战略导向从“被动性环境治理”向“主动性价值创造”转变的重要途径。而大行其道的数字化转型战略可能对绿色创新战略升级产生“双刃剑”作用。本文以重污染行业上市公司为研究样本，重点探讨企业数字化转型对绿色创新战略升级的影响机理与作用边界。研究发现：数字化转型对绿色创新战略升级具有“数据驱动”和“能力诅咒”两种效应，两种潜在机制的结合使得二者间的互动关系呈现出一种战略悖论，并体现为显著的倒U形关系；组织的业绩反馈情境构成了数字化转型对绿色创新战略升级的内部作用边界，业绩顺差引致的利益相关者治理能够强化“数据驱动”和“能力诅咒”两种效应；作为外部边界条件，社会网络带来的信息优势能够加速“数据驱动”效应，但其诱发的组织间同群效应却能够强化“能力诅咒”作用机制。本文不仅能够为绿色创新战略选择动因的相关研究提供增量的理论贡献，并能在绿色创新导向下为企业数字化转型实践提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
深入探究绿色债券发行的经济效应对于构建以市场为导向的绿色技术创新体系具有重要的理论与现实意义。本文以2010—2019年中国沪深两市A股上市公司为研究样本,在勾勒发行绿色债券促进绿色技术创新提质增量的理论基础上,利用PSM-DID模型对发行绿色债券与企业绿色技术创新二者存在何种关系、有何作用机理以及异质性影响展开系统性分析,解构绿色债券与企业绿色技术创新的内在逻辑,并采用多重稳健性检验验证研究结果的可靠性。研究发现：第一,发行绿色债券支持债券创新效应假说,有助于推动企业绿色技术创新提质增量,从实质效果来看,中国绿色债券市场“漂绿”问题尚不严重;第二,基于绿色债券发行特征的剖析显示绿色债券的发行额度越高、发行期限越长,其对企业绿色技术创新能力的促进效果越强;第三,机制分析结果表明企业发行绿色债券能够通过提高企业研发投入、降低企业融资成本以及增强投资者关注等三条路径作用于企业绿色技术创新;第四,企业异质性检验结果表明,发行绿色债券对于企业绿色技术创新的提升效应在非国有企业和西部地区的样本中更显著。文章研究结果在理论上丰富了企业绿色债务融资经济后果和企业绿色技术创新影响因素的相关研究,在实践... 相似文献
6.
动态变化的竞争格局为银行债权人从对企业技术创新厌恶到创新包容提供了充分的演化动力。本文在分析银行债权治理对企业技术创新能力影响的基础上,探索了制度效应和资源效应在二者关系中的中介作用,进而辨析了银行债权治理的创新效应的产生机理。实证研究表明:银行债权治理对企业技术创新能力具有显著促进作用,银行债权人已由创新厌恶向创新包容演化;银行债权治理能够通过降低代理成本,优化企业原始制度安排的方式提升企业技术创新能力,即制度效应在二者关系中具有显著中介作用;银行债权治理并不能通过提升创新资源投入的方式促进企业创新,即资源效应的中介作用不显著。因此,"债权治理——制度效应——技术创新"的作用路径对创新包容效应更具理论解释力。研究结论能够从技术创新的角度对融资优序理论和银行代理监督理论进行回应和补充,并为企业创新和银行债权治理实践提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
本文利用2007-2016中国工业省级面板数据,构建系统GMM和动态门槛模型,验证了直接管制型、经济激励型、公众参与型等环境规制工具对不同地区企业绿色技术创新的影响效果和门槛效应。研究结果表明：针对不同地区,各种环境规制工具对绿色技术创新的影响存在较大差异。对东部地区而言,经济激励对企业绿色技术创新具有显著的一阶滞后效应和双门槛效应,直接管制对企业绿色技术创新的影响不显著。对中部地区而言,直接管制对企业绿色技术创新存在显著的一阶滞后效应和单门槛效应,经济激励对企业绿色技术创新的影响不显著。对西部地区而言,直接管制对企业绿色技术创新存在显著的一阶滞后效应和双门槛效应,经济激励对企业绿色技术创新的影响也不显著。同时,公众参与对各地区企业的绿色技术创新影响均不显著。 相似文献
8.
把企业间绿色技术创新关系细分为合作、中立和竞争等3种,构建绿色技术创新企业关系演化博弈模型,利用Matlab仿真技术分析当存在知识溢出效应时企业自身技术创新能力、政府绿色技术创新补贴率两个参数对关系系统稳定性的影响。结果表明:(1)只有当群体中已有部分企业开展合作时,企业技术创新能力对关系选择有重大影响;(2)政府绿色技术创新补贴的效果带有一定的不确定性,甚至高补贴有时还会抑制企业间的合作关系。 相似文献
9.
《科学学与科学技术管理》2018,(11)
绿色技术创新能力是企业获取绿色竞争力的前提,也是国家绿色发展战略的微观基础,已有研究均未探讨这一能力的形成机理。基于绿色技术创新能力的理论基础与文献分析,构建多变量综合作用下企业绿色技术创新能力形成的结构模型。通过对福建省115家企业的问卷调查和实证分析,结果显示:命令控制型环境规制、激励型环境规制对RD投入有显著的正向影响,RD投入在命令控制型环境规制、激励型环境规制与绿色技术创新能力之间具有正向中介作用,消费者参与、绿色管理吸收能力在RD投入向绿色产品创新能力转化中起正向调节作用。 相似文献
10.
鉴于已有相关研究中缺乏基于同群效应作用的“认知—比较—行动”管理逻辑视角,基于2009—2019年我国沪深A股上市公司数据,从绩效期望差距的中介效应视角切入,构建“同群企业绿色创新行为—绩效期望差距—焦点企业绿色创新行为”理论模型,分析同群效应对企业绿色创新行为的作用机理。结果发现：同群效应对企业绿色创新行为具有促进作用;绩效期望顺差和绩效期望逆差都在同群效应与企业绿色创新行为的关系中发挥部分中介作用,即绩效期望逆差（或顺差）越大,实际绩效低于（或高于）行业期望绩效越多,越有可能开展（或中止）绿色创新;市场不确定性与环境规制均正向调节同群效应对企业绿色创新行为关系。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
12.
Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
14.
A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
15.
Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
16.
Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
17.
Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
19.
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
20.
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献