共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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排球运动员观察运动情境图片的眼动分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采取专家-新手范式,利用眼动仪记录专家运动员、一般运动员和新手在观察运动情境图片时的眼动规律,了解排球运动员的视觉信息特征,分析被试的注视次数,注视时间,眼跳距离等眼动指标.研究表明,专家组对排球情境图片信息的加工更为细致,他们的首、次注视点时间较长,注视次数少,注视持续时间较长,与新手组有显著差异.专家组的注视范围较为宽广,注视点少而分散.被试的注视多以球的位置为中心.向四周呈放射状散开,重要信息区内都有较多的视觉注视.图片材料的不同对于被试的首注视点、次注视点时间以及瞳孔直径有显著影响. 相似文献
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对20名省队网球专业运动员和30名体育院校网球专业大学生观看网球视频时的眼动特征进行研究发现：（1）专家运动员与新手运动员在观看网球视频时注视点平均注视时间、平均瞳孔直径、注视点个数都存在显著性差异。（2）专家运动员比新手运动员的视觉信息加工效率更高,视觉搜索策略更合理,主要原因是专家运动员与新手运动员在观看网球视频时知识组织方式、问题解决方式和认知加工方式的不同。 相似文献
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采用美国应用实验室生产的ASL-H6头戴式眼动仪,对20名专业网球运动员和30名网球专项大学生在观看网球静态图片时的眼动特征进行研究,对两组不同水平网球运动员的首个注视点时间、注视点个数、平均瞳孔直径、注视点平均注视时间、注视顺序、注视轨迹进行分析,发现:(1)在观看网球图片时,专家运动员与新手运动员的视觉搜索特征存在显著性差异;(2)专家运动员的注视点平均注视时间少、平均瞳孔直径小、注视点个数少;(3)专家运动员的注视轨迹简单集中,特别是在注视顺序上有一定的策略性,而新手运动员的注视轨迹复杂,注视顺序比较随意,没有任何的加工策略。 相似文献
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不同水平排球运动员对视野中央和外周信息加工的眼动规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用眼动技术对专家运动员、一般运动员和新手在中央和外周运动情境信息加工的眼动规律进行了研究,同时探讨了不同类型运动信息加工的眼动规律。通过实验探究,得出了如下结论:(1)专家对图片信息的加工能力较强,次注视点持续时间短,注视次数多,平均注视时间短,与新手组差异显著,专家组和一般组的眼跳距离差异显著。不同材料对被试的次注视点持续时间、注视次数、注视持续时间和眼跳距离有显著影响;(2)对于从专家到新手的不同水平运动员,同样任务的认知难度增加,被试的眼动指标也有明显的改变,具体表现为初始加工时间延长,平均注视时间延长,注视频率降低,瞳孔直径减小,眼跳距离减小,对球体的关注也明显减少;(3)运动员对中央信息的注视次数少于外周信息,专家的注视次数多于新手,专家对中央信息眼跳角度小于外周信息,且专家的眼跳范围显著大于新手,其余中央和外周信息指标的差异不显著。说明专家采用对中央信息集中注视和搜索的策略,而对外周信息采用快速和大范围扫视的策略。 相似文献
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不同刺激呈现方式对乒乓球运动员视觉搜索特征的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
采用10名乒乓球专业运动员和10名乒乓球初学者为被试,以乒乓球接发球为运动情境片段,对优秀乒乓球运动员的视觉搜索特征进行实验性研究,同时对静态和动态不同刺激呈现条件下运动员视觉搜索特征进行比较,探讨不同实验素材对于运动中视觉搜索特征的影响.研究结果表明,1)在不同的刺激呈现条件下,专家和新手乒乓球运动员的视觉搜索特征存在明显差异;2)运动水平在反应准确性和反应时均表现出一致的趋势,运动水平越高,反应时和反应准确性越好.在动态运动情境刺激下反应时和反应准确性优于静态情境;3)专业运动员采用了相对合理的搜索模式,注视时间越短、注视次数越少、眼跳距离越小,注视分配和注视轨迹比较简单、集中.动态情境下这种搜索模式表现更为明显. 相似文献
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排球运动员接发球过程中视觉搜索特征的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以33名不同水平排球运动员为被试,将时间阻断范式、眼动记录技术相结合,探讨排球运动员接发球过程中的视觉搜索特征。结果表明:在接发球过程中,不同水平排球运动员的视觉搜索特征存在显著差异。优秀排球运动员可以根据运动情景中任务的变化迅速调整视觉搜索模式,在接发球的预期阶段采用了注视次数少、注视持续时间长、眼跳距离小、注视轨迹简单、集中的搜索模式;在动作操作阶段采用了注视次数多、注视持续时间短、眼跳距离大、注视轨迹分散成网状的搜索模式。优秀排球运动员对发球落点进行预判时,在反应时和准确性指标上存在明显的优势,但是,随着运动水平的提高,反应准确性不是优秀排球运动员预期能力的主要区分标准。提示:对于测试、评价运动员在运动情景中的信息加工处理能力不能根据单一运动情景的眼动特征进行,要综合运动情景中的不同任务的眼动指标和行为预判探讨运动员在运动过程中的视觉搜索特征。 相似文献
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为了研究环境主导注意型运动员在不同分心数量刺激条件下的眼动特征,应用眼动仪进行测试,考察环境主导注意型运动员的各项眼动指标,发现环境主导注意型运动员与主体主导注意型运动员相比,在反应时、正确率、注视次数、注视点持续时间、眼跳距离、注视时间、回视次数、注视轨迹和注视频率等各项眼动指标上都存在明显的差异。结论:环境主导注意型项目运动员、主体主导注意型运动员和普通大学生具有不同的信息加工效率;环境主导注意型项目运动员具有独特的眼动模式。 相似文献
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研究选取20名专业网球运动员和20名网球专项大学生为被试,以网球图片为刺激材料,利用ASL-H6头戴式眼动仪,对网球运动员注视分配情况进行了研究。结果显示:①专家运动员采用的是自上而下的加工方式而新手运动员采用的是自下而上的加工方式,专家运动员对关键兴趣区的聚焦注视更快、注视点更多,表现出更多的时间和空间优势;②专家运动员对关键兴趣区进行了更深入的加工而对非关键兴趣区和无关区的注视时间较短,表现出更高的信息加工效率和更合理的加工策略。 相似文献
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目的:探讨优秀排球运动员防守时的预判特征,为预判能力训练与指导提供依据。方法:依据"专家—新手"范式,使用E-Prime 2.0实验设计系统进行扣球视频呈现,采用眼动记录技术对防守运动员的预判过程进行测量与分析。结果:在对扣球方向进行预判时,优秀排球运动员应做到:1)反应速度快、准确率高;2)注视数量少、眼跳距离大;3)除了将"扣球运动员"作为主要信息源外,还将"二传运动员"作为重要的信息源;4)扣球运动员的"手臂"和"上体"是主要的注视区域。结论:优秀排球运动员预判时具有一定的视觉信息加工优势,该结果为对扣球进行预判时"怎么看、看什么"提供了依据。 相似文献
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Alessandro Piras Milena Raffi Monica Perazzolo Ivan Malagoli Lanzoni Salvatore Squatrito 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(9):980-987
Microsaccades are important fixation eye movements for visual scene perception. Compared to novices, athletes make fewer fixations of longer duration toward limited interest areas crucial for action prediction. Thus, our aim was to study the microsaccade features during those fixations. Gaze behaviour of expert and novice table tennis players was recorder during a task in which subjects were instructed to predict the direction of the ball after the opponent’s throw. Three interest areas from the opponent’s body and one from the ball trajectory were identified. We analysed correctness of predictions, fixations, microsaccades and saccades to estimate the relationship between eye movements toward interest areas and success in the task. Compared to novices, experts fixated more on hand-racket during forehand and on trunk during backhand drive technique. Longer fixations on hand-racket and trunk were associated with higher microsaccade rate with a narrower directional distribution of them. It probably means that athletes focused their gaze on these small areas, suggesting enhanced attention mainly to them, and fewer consideration for the surrounding regions. We can assume that microsaccade rate and average direction could be related to the salience of interest areas during performance. 相似文献
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State anxiety and visual attention: the role of the quiet eye period in aiming to a far target 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this study, we examined how individuals controlled their gaze behaviour during execution of a far aiming task and whether the functional relationship between perception and action was disrupted by increased anxiety. Twenty participants were trained on a simulated archery task, using a joystick to aim and shoot arrows at the target, and then competed in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. The specific gaze behaviour measured was the duration of the quiet eye period. As predicted, accuracy was affected by the duration of the quiet eye period, with longer quiet eye periods being associated with better performance. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in reductions in the duration of quiet eye. Our results show that the quiet eye period is sensitive to increases in anxiety and may be a useful index of the efficiency of visual orientation in aiming tasks. 相似文献
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Teresa Zwierko Wojciech Jedziniak Beata Florkiewicz Miłosz Stępiński Rafał Buryta Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(5):612-620
The ability to quickly locate objects within the visual field has a significant influence on athletic performance. Saccades are conjugate eye movements responsible for the rapid shift that brings a new part of the visual field into foveal vision. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sport expertise and intense physical effort on saccade dynamics during a free-viewing visual search task in skilled soccer players. Two groups of male subjects participated in this study: 18 soccer players and 18 non-athletes as the control group. Two sessions of visual search tasks without a sport-specific design were employed. Eye movements during the visual search tasks were recorded binocularly. Between pre- and post-test sessions, athletes performed a maximal incremental treadmill test. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured continuously. Capillary lactate samples were collected. Pre-test findings indicated that athletes, in comparison to non-athletes, achieve higher values of the following characteristics of saccades (1) average acceleration, (2) acceleration peak, (3) deceleration peak, and (4) average velocity. An increase in post-test saccade duration and a decrease in post-test saccade velocity was observed in athletes due to the strenuous physical effort in relation to the pre-test state. Athletes may transfer high saccadic function efficiency to non-specific visual stimuli. The findings partially confirm that physical exertion can reduce oculomotor efficiency in athletes. 相似文献
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Michael Behan 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(2):207-215
Abstract In this study, we examined how individuals controlled their gaze behaviour during execution of a far aiming task and whether the functional relationship between perception and action was disrupted by increased anxiety. Twenty participants were trained on a simulated archery task, using a joystick to aim and shoot arrows at the target, and then competed in two counterbalanced experimental conditions designed to manipulate the anxiety they experienced. The specific gaze behaviour measured was the duration of the quiet eye period. As predicted, accuracy was affected by the duration of the quiet eye period, with longer quiet eye periods being associated with better performance. The manipulation of anxiety resulted in reductions in the duration of quiet eye. Our results show that the quiet eye period is sensitive to increases in anxiety and may be a useful index of the efficiency of visual orientation in aiming tasks. 相似文献
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Nicholas P. Murray 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(3):241-246
Considerable research has documented that successful performance in interceptive tasks (such as return of serve in tennis) is based on the performers’ capability to capture appropriate anticipatory information prior to the flight path of the approaching object. Athletes of higher skill tend to fixate on different locations in the playing environment prior to initiation of a skill than their lesser skilled counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine visual search behaviour strategies of elite (world ranked) tennis players and non-ranked competitive tennis players (n = 43) utilising cluster analysis. The results of hierarchical (Ward’s method) and nonhierarchical (k means) cluster analyses revealed three different clusters. The clustering method distinguished visual behaviour of high, middle-and low-ranked players. Specifically, high-ranked players demonstrated longer mean fixation duration and lower variation of visual search than middle-and low-ranked players. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that cluster analysis is a useful tool for detecting and analysing the areas of interest for use in experimental analysis of expertise and to distinguish visual search variables among participants’. 相似文献
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The past decade has witnessed increased interest in the visual search behaviour of athletes. Little is known, however, about the relationship between anxiety and eye movements in sport performers or about the extent to which athletes' planned and actual visual search strategies correspond. To address these issues, we conducted two studies. In Study 1, eight expert female gymnasts were presented with three digital slides of a model performing a skill that is known to be anxiety-provoking in this sport--namely, the 'back flip' on the beam. By varying the height of the beam and the presence or absence of safety mats, the slides differed in the amount of anxiety that they elicited vicariously in the viewer. In the study, the gymnasts were asked to imagine themselves in the position of the depicted model and to describe the anxiety that they felt. As they viewed the slides, their eye movements were recorded. As predicted, anxiety was associated with an increase in the number of fixations to peripheral areas. In addition, the more 'threatening' slides elicited significantly more fixations than the less feared images. In Study 2, the plans of 15 equestrian performers (5 expert, 5 intermediate and 5 novice) were elicited as they engaged in a virtual 'walk' around a computerized show-jumping course. Contrary to expectations, the congruence between intended and actual search behaviour was not significantly greater for expert riders than for the less skilled groups. Also, the fact that the top riders allocated more fixations to slides than the less skilled performers challenged the prediction that expertise would be associated with economy of visual search. Finally, as expected, the expert riders were significantly less dependent on the overall 'course plan' than the intermediate and novice equestrian performers when inspecting the fences. 相似文献
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足球是一项攻防转换速度非常快的运动项目,良好的预测能力对足球运动员非常重要。足球比赛中,运动员比非运动员有更好的预测能力,这种差异可能是因为在视觉搜索过程中,运动员注意到了关键线索,而非运动员根本没有注视到。本研究通过不同时间阻断点、放映速度的足球罚点球视频分析不同水平运动员的预测能力和中枢资源占用程度,发现在触球瞬间,运动员组预测准确率较非运动组高。通过眼动仪分析视觉停留区域时间序列特征,发现运动员组采用了有规律的视觉搜索模式提取有效特征值进行预测。本研究认为运动员可以通过反复观看和分析不同场景下的比赛过程,提高视觉搜索能力,进而提高预测能力,结果对运动训练实践有一定的现实指导意义。 相似文献