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1.
Combining entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia: towards a compounded and reciprocal Matthew-effect? 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The increase of entrepreneurial activity within academia has raised concerns that the research orientation of universities might become ‘contaminated’ by the application-oriented needs of industry. Empirical evidence on this concern is scarce and ambiguous. We examine whether entrepreneurial and scientific performance in academia can be reconciled. Our empirical findings (KU Leuven, Belgium) suggest that both activities do not hamper each other; engagement in entrepreneurial activities coincides with increased publication outputs, without affecting the nature of the publications involved. As resources increase, this interaction becomes more significant, pointing towards a Matthew-effect. We finally suggest that balancing both activities further depends on the institutional policies deployed. 相似文献
2.
为探究中国创业型大学的现状,探索更有效的大学“知识与技术溢出”途径,本文对我国高校院系的创业导向及其环境影响因素和创业绩效进行了实证研究。通过对343份样本数据的实证分析发现：(1)中国高校院系的创业导向受到学科、国家资助情况、技术转移人员和机构支持环境因素的显著影响,而经济区域和大学声誉无显著影响；(2)高校的创业导向将显著激发师生参加创业活动,主要体现为专利发明、衍生企业创办、产业合作、毕业生创业和博士生校外择业方面的创业绩效。研究结果在丰富创业型大学研究和产学研合作研究的同时,也提出了相应的政策建议,对我国构建创业型大学提供了有价值的启示。 相似文献
3.
促进高校科研人力资本合理迁移和配置是激发社会创新创业活力的重要举措。基于计划行为理论构建了高校科研人力资本迁移意愿影响因素结构方程模型,并通过内蒙古295名高校科研人才的调查数据进行实证检验。研究表明科研人才的行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制三个维度均对迁移意愿有显著的正向影响,具体来说家庭、高校、政府政策、能力素质以及资源整合程度等因素影响较大。因此,建议政府、高校等从建立风险保障机制、完善人力资本迁移制度实施细则、积极为科研人才提供创新创业资源入手,提高科研人力资本迁移意愿。 相似文献
4.
技术转移作为高校社会服务职能的重要体现形式，对高校科研活动究竟产生了何种影响是学术界关注的热点问题。本文以2008-2014年中国106所“211”及省部共建高校为样本，研究了高校技术转移对其论文产出和专利产出的影响效应，并对不同来源的科研资助（政府资助和企业资助）在高校技术转移与科研产出关系中的中介作用和调节作用分别进行了实证检验。结果表明：（1）高校技术转移对论文产出的影响不显著，而对专利产出具有显著正向影响；（2）高校技术转移对其获取政府资助和企业资助均具有显著的正向影响，政府资助和企业资助在高校技术转移与专利产出关系中发挥积极的中介作用；（3）政府资助对高校技术转移与论文产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用，而企业资助对高校技术转移与专利产出的关系具有显著的负向调节作用。 相似文献
5.
为促进我国高校科研水平和学科核心竞争力提高,推动创新人才培养,采用调查研究和数据分析的方法,探讨全球化语境下我国研究型大学与跨国企业科技创新合作的现状和发展趋势;分析二者科技创新合作的运行机理,分别从技术研发、科技成果转移转化和人才交流与培养3个方面主要合作内容归纳总结出当前合作的典型模式;同时研究影响二者科技创新合作成效的11个关键因素,并以技术研发合作为例分析具体合作模式选择策略。以期对我国教育主管部门和高校开展国际科技创新合作提供参考借鉴。 相似文献
6.
University research is to an increasing extent funded by industry, and the share of basic funding is decreasing. In the literature, there are optimistic and pessimistic views on the implication of this development. Based on data from a questionnaire study among all tenured university professors in Norway (N = 1967) we find that there is a significant relationship between industry funding and research performance: professors with industrial funding describe their research as applied to a greater extent, they collaborate more with other researchers both in academia and in industry, and they report more scientific publications as well as more frequent entrepreneurial results. There is neither a positive nor negative relationship between academic publishing and entrepreneurial outputs. 相似文献
7.
聚焦高校教师群体,探讨内外部创业环境对兼职创业行为的影响.借助数理模型和实证分析,解析各类创业资源对高校教师创新驱动型兼职创业活动的影响机制,并探究创业自我效能感在创业资源和高校教师创新驱动型兼职创业活动之间的中介作用.研究发现:(1)现阶段我国高校兼职创业者呈现较明显的创业群体和创业模式特征;(2)创业时间资源和资产... 相似文献
8.
为加快我国新型研发机构建设进程、提高建设质量,以南京推进新型研发机构建设为例,通过主要建设成效和具体举措分析,结合典型案例,研究其在功能定位、组织机构、共建模式、协同机制等方面的建设经验,探索新型研发机构在科技成果转化方面的新路径。分析表明,南京新型研发机构建设的主要功能定位于科技成果转移转化、产业孵化、合同研发、公共技术服务和人才培养五方面;完善顶层设计、强化统一领导,明确功能定位、聚焦重大需求,优化政策体系、注重落地实施,创新发展机制、激发要素活力,加强分类指导、突出绩效导向,是其建设发展提供的重要经验启示。 相似文献
9.
创业生态导向机会资源一体化与创业绩效 《科学学研究》2022,40(3):485-494
目前,创业生态系统研究的不足更多体现在系统不同层面之间的交叉融合研究匮乏,这极易造成新创企业的行为与系统发展方向所背离。处于不同系统生态位的新创企业只有融入周围所属创业生态系统,才能使自身与系统成为一个整体,从而获得系统福利并且创有所成,这也符合共同利益原则。但是,从企业与系统相互融合视角展开的研究却非常少见。于是,本研究强调新创企业需要采取与系统“互融、同构”的战略导向,进而提出创业生态导向的新构念。另外,由于机会资源一体化开发行为已成为新创企业获取创业绩效的关键行为,本研究还将基于“导向-行为-绩效”的标准研究范式,进一步检验创业生态导向、机会资源一体化开发行为与创业绩效的关系。此研究结论既可以准确把握创业生态系统下的新创企业战略导向形成过程,又能全面总结新创企业在创业生态系统下的创业行为规律,对于处于不同生态位的企业如何创有所成提供指导。 相似文献
10.
随着传统型大学向创业型大学的转变，高校兼具知识创造和知识应用的双重特性。科研人员在R&D活动中追求学术价值和商业价值双重目标。本文基于一个简单模型来研究学术和商业激励两种方式对R&D活动时间配置以及项目选择的影响，基于此，进一步分析了组织最优激励契约设计。研究结果表明：高的商业激励会减少科研人员研究活动，但却激励科研人员选择高风险的基础研究，从而会带来突破性创新。组织层面高校应加大商业激励鼓励研究偏好人员，对偏好研究活动的人员，激励其进行开发活动；对于不偏好研究活动的人员，激励其增加努力程度。 相似文献
11.
The role of academic technology transfer organizations in improving industry science links 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
The transfer of scientific and technological know-how into valuable economic activity has become a high priority on many policy agendas. Industry Science Links (ISLs) are an important dimension of this policy orientation. Over the last decades, multiple insights have been gained (both theoretical and empirical) as to how “effective” ISLs can be fostered through the design and the development of university-based technology transfer organizations (TTOs). In this paper, we document and analyze the evolution of “effective” university-based technology transfer mechanisms. We describe how decentralized organizational approaches and incentives that stimulate the active involvement of the research groups in the exploitation of their research findings might be combined with specialized central services offering intellectual property management and spin-off support. More particularly, we analyze how the creation of:
- (1)
- an appropriate balance between centralization and decentralization within academia;
- (2)
- the design of appropriate incentive structures for academic research groups;
- (3)
- the implementation of appropriate decision and monitoring processes within the TTO
12.
本文关注契约控制、契约协调对知识转移效率与效果的影响,以及环境动态性的调节作用。利用248份中国制造业企业的调研数据对研究假设进行验证,结果发现：契约控制对知识转移效率有正向影响;契约协调对知识转移效果与效率均有正向影响,且对知识转移效果的影响更强。此外,环境动态性正向调节契约控制与知识转移效率与效果间关系,负向调节契约协调与知识转移效果间关系。本文通过识别促进知识转移效率与效果的要素,深化了关于契约控制与契约协调的认识。同时,本文还可以指导企业针对不同的环境动态性情境,通过调整契约控制与契约协调强度促进知识转移效率与效果,进而实现企业知识转移目标。 相似文献
13.
《Research Policy》2023,52(9):104870
We posit that a communications gap exists between universities and commercial organizations, attributed to their idiosyncratic goals, interests, and incentives. To bridge this gap, universities need to recognize and leverage observable differences in the strength of signals and the width of channels used to disseminate their scientific knowledge externally. We explore these ideas by analyzing knowledge dissemination and academic engagement activities in 133 UK universities in the period 2011–2019. Our analysis shows that universities with a lower scientific impact have a higher intensity of collaborative research, contract research, and consultancy activities if they communicate that impact through more prominent scientific outlets. In turn, universities with a higher scientific impact have a lower intensity of interaction with commercial organizations if they communicate their scientific impact through less prominent scientific outlets. We further reveal that universities with a higher economic impact show a higher intensity of collaborative research. At the same time, we find no evidence that the social impact generated by universities is linked to the intensity of university-industry interaction, no matter the channels through which that impact is communicated. Using these findings, we draw implications for practice and policy. 相似文献
14.
为有针对性地推动中国高校走向世界一流大学的目标,以41所中国一流大学建设高校为研究对象,应用数据包络分析（DEA）和Malmquist指数,从静态和动态两角度测度其2013—2017年间的科研效率。研究发现：静态上,这些高校整体科研水平较高,区域间科研效率呈现东部＞西部＞中部＞东北的差异,不同高校属性分类中综合类科研效率最高、理工类次之;动态上,研究期限内这些高校的科研全要素生产率受技术进步指标影响,总体呈现小幅上升趋势,东部与中部和西部的科研效率区域差距拉大、与东北部的缩小,农林类高校科研效率稳步提升。总之,中国一流大学建设高校的内部科研差距继续存在,但整体上差异将不断缩小。 相似文献
15.
16.
Siri Brorstad Borlaug 《普罗米修斯》2013,31(2):139-152
European universities have been increasingly pressured since the late 1990s to make a more visible contribution to economic development. This policy interest has produced an increasing focus on knowledge transfer generally, and more specifically on measures to promote a research culture which values patenting and firm formation. This paper presents results from an interview study of academic faculty views on knowledge transfer and commercialisation at five public universities in Sweden. Our results show that, despite the retention of inventor ownership at Swedish universities, there is a high degree of knowledge transfer of all kinds. The overriding driver of entrepreneurial behaviour among faculty appears to be the low level of direct funding for research in universities. We find that attitudes to firm formation vary from positive to ambivalent, and that faculty from the humanities and social sciences engage in a higher level of entrepreneurial and policy adaptive behaviour than they report. We conclude that faculty at Swedish universities perceive the role of public servant and entrepreneurial academic as conflicting. This perceived conflict may be one reason for reluctance to report instances of commercialisation of research. 相似文献
17.
This paper examines the impact of universities on the technological performance of adjacent firms. We extend existing research by jointly analyzing, and comparing, the effects of education (graduates) and scientific research (publications) activities of universities on firms’ technological performance. Adopting the knowledge production framework, our study is conducted at the level of 101 Italian territorial areas (provinces) and four industries. Overall, fixed-effect panel data models reveal a positive effect of both university graduates and scientific publications on the technological performance of firms. At the same time, considerable industry differences are observed. While the provision of university graduates positively affects firm performance in all industries under study, additional effects for scientific research are only observed in electrical and pharmaceutical industries that are science-intensive and where the scientific knowledge base is changing rapidly over time. The observation that spillovers from academia into the industrial texture of provinces rely on education and research in an industry-specific manner is relevant to the design of appropriate research and innovation policies. 相似文献
18.
Publication and patent behavior of academic researchers: Conflicting, reinforcing or merely co-existing? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Increasing entrepreneurial activity within academia has raised concerns that the number of publications added to the scientific commons might be reduced or that academic research would be directed exclusively towards the application-oriented needs of industry. In the case of academic inventions, the potential conflict between public- and private-oriented considerations seems most salient. In this contribution, we examine whether the publication behavior of academic inventors (at K.U. Leuven) differs from their colleagues (non-inventors) working within similar fields of research. Our analysis reveals that inventors publish significantly more. Moreover, no empirical evidence was found for the ‘skewing problem’. These findings not only suggest the co-existence of both activities; they may actually reinforce each other. 相似文献
19.
Amalya L Oliver 《Research Policy》2004,33(4):583-597
20.
University-industry linkages in the UK: What are the factors underlying the variety of interactions with industry? 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
This paper examines the different channels through which academic researchers interact with industry and the factors that influence the researchers’ engagement in a variety of interactions. This study is based on a large scale survey of UK academic researchers. The results show that university researchers interact with industry using a wide variety of channels, and engage more frequently in the majority of the channels examined - such as consultancy & contract research, joint research, or training - as compared to patenting or spin-out activities. In explaining the variety and frequency of interactions, we find that individual characteristics of researchers have a stronger impact than the characteristics of their departments or universities. Finally, we argue that by paying greater attention to the broad range of knowledge transfer mechanisms (in addition to patenting and spin-outs), policy initiatives could contribute to building the researchers’ skills necessary to integrate the worlds of scientific research and application. 相似文献