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解读日本研究型大学衍生企业的发展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从日本研究型大学衍生企业的概念入手,分析其具有日本特色的内涵;追问其产生的背景和迅速发展的原因,并且探析日本研究型大学衍生企业的特征.依据日本研究型大学的不同性质等,选择早稻田大学,东京大学,东北技术联合组织三个典型的TLO机构,对大学衍生企业进行了实地调研,发掘日本衍生企业发展的限制条件及相应政策的调控. 相似文献
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大学衍生企业是实现技术转移进而推动区域经济发展的有效模式,大学的衍生能力直接关系到衍生企业的数量和发展绩效。以31所"985工程"高校2009年的科技与校办产业统计资料为研究对象,通过因子分析分解大学衍生能力并据此对31所研究型大学进行排名,然后进行相关分析和回归分析,得出以下结论:大学衍生能力包括大学研发能力、大学科技产出及其应用能力、大学技术交易量、大学孵化器综合实力,大学科研经费投入与其衍生能力密切相关,大学的基础研究和应用研究对大学衍生能力具有互补效应,大学孵化器综合实力对科技企业的衍生具有显著促进作用。最后提出增强大学衍生能力的政策建议。 相似文献
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科技成果资本化是研究型大学实现知识价值创造功能的重要方式,也是开展科技、教育、经济"三位一体"协同创新模式的重要议题。本文整合高校智力资本禀赋以及知识管理的过程视角,构建了以"智力资本-知识管理-价值创造"为基础的研究型大学科技成果资本化过程模型,并结合东北大学及其衍生企业东软集团的案例进行了深入分析,探索出了基于利益相关者协同创新网络进行知识产品深加工实现价值增值的"东软模式",从理论和实践两个层面揭示了知识成果价值创造功能的"黑箱"机制,为全面提升我国研究型大学科技成果转化效率,促进协同创新驱动经济增长提供了新的思路。 相似文献
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中国研究型大学衍生企业活动影响因素分析 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
在对以往研究文献进行深入研究的基础上,提出5种可能对中国研究型大学科技型衍生企业活动产生影响的因素:大学的科技实力、大学专业布局、科研经费总量及构成、大学的地理位置、大学与政府的关系。并通过对111所大学统计数据的对比分析,验证以上假设中的5种因素对大学企业衍生活动是否存在影响。结果证明,大学企业衍生活动与大学的科技实力、专业布局特点、科研经费总量、大学的地理位置以及大学与政府的关系等之间存在一定相关性,而与科研经费构成之间的关系未能得到证实。 相似文献
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大学变革的趋势——从研究型大学到创业型大学 总被引:35,自引:1,他引:35
自中世纪创立大学以来,大学功能经历了两次嬗变,即先后将“研究”和“创业”作为新的大学使命引入,相应地也孕育了两种全新的大学理念和模式:研究型大学和创业型大学。本文尝试在分析研究型大学特征和变革趋势基础上,指出创业型大学是在研究型大学的基础上成长起来的,是研究型大学的进一步发展和深化,并将以其创业活动和实质性贡献引导新时期大学发展的新方向。 相似文献
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从大学功能的演进出发,阐述了大学实现其第三功能即社会服务功能的有效方式——衍生企业方式。并在重点分析美、日等大学企业衍生成功原因的基础上,针对我国大学衍生企业存在的问题,从法律体系、机构设置、孵化平台、知识产权与激励、政府支持以及企业规范化建设等方面,提出了推动我国大学衍生企业的具体措施。 相似文献
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我国研究型大学的管理体系研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
研究型大学的内涵决定了其必然规定高等教育的发展趋势和方向。在中国建立和发展研究型大学,必须遵从研究型大学的一般发展规律,紧密结合我国的现实国情,通过建立科学的研究型大学管理体系,提高管理效率,保证研究型大学目标的实现。本文在上述指导思想的基础上,构建了我国研究型大学的管理体系,分析了该管理体系的主要功能。 相似文献
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Why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-offs than others? Evidence from Canadian universities 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
This paper addresses the following question: why are some university researchers more likely to create spin-off companies than others? In order to explain why university researchers create spin-offs, we draw on the resource-based theory of the firm. The study database consists of 1554 university researchers funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The logistic regression results suggest that the traditional and entrepreneurial visions of university research complement each other when one looks at the resources mobilized by researchers to launch spin-offs. 相似文献
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Does inventor ownership encourage university research-derived entrepreneurship? A six university comparison 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper examines whether university ownership of inventions made by its personnel best serves the widely held social goals of encouraging technology commercialization and entrepreneurship. Using a hand-collected census of technology-based university spin-offs from six universities, one of which is the University of Waterloo and the only inventor ownership university in North America, we compare the number and type of spin-offs produced by these universities. We find suggestive evidence that inventor ownership universities can be more efficient in generating spin-offs on both per faculty and per R&D dollar expended perspective. We find that the field of computer sciences and electrical engineering generates a greater number of spin-offs than do our other two categories – the biomedical sciences, and the field of engineering and the physical sciences. In general, our results demonstrate that inventor ownership can be extremely productive of spin-offs. From these results, we suggest that governments seeking to encourage university invention commercialization and entrepreneurship should experiment with an inventor ownership system. 相似文献
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为探究中国创业型大学的现状,探索更有效的大学“知识与技术溢出”途径,本文对我国高校院系的创业导向及其环境影响因素和创业绩效进行了实证研究。通过对343份样本数据的实证分析发现:(1)中国高校院系的创业导向受到学科、国家资助情况、技术转移人员和机构支持环境因素的显著影响,而经济区域和大学声誉无显著影响;(2)高校的创业导向将显著激发师生参加创业活动,主要体现为专利发明、衍生企业创办、产业合作、毕业生创业和博士生校外择业方面的创业绩效。研究结果在丰富创业型大学研究和产学研合作研究的同时,也提出了相应的政策建议,对我国构建创业型大学提供了有价值的启示。 相似文献
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Kathrin Müller 《Research Policy》2010,39(2):189-12597
For academic spin-offs I analyze the length of the time period between the founder’s leaving of academia and the establishment of her firm. A duration analysis reveals that a longer time-lag is caused by the necessity of assembling complementary skills, either by acquisition by a single founder or by searching for suitable team members. Furthermore, new ventures are established faster if there has been high-level technology transfer, if the founders have access to university infrastructure, or if they receive informal support by former colleagues. 相似文献
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Startups by recent university graduates and their faculty: Implications for university entrepreneurship policy 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Earlier research on the role of universities in fostering entrepreneurial economic development almost exclusively covers spin-offs by faculty and staff. In contrast, we provide general evidence from the U.S. showing that the gross flow of start-ups by recently graduated students with an undergraduate degree in science or engineering is at least an order of magnitude larger than the spin-offs by their faculty, that a recent graduate is twice as likely as her Professor to start a business within three years of graduation, and that the graduates’ spin-offs are not of low quality. Three case studies illustrate how universities may stimulate science and engineering students and recent graduates to create new firms of high quality. We conclude that transforming university goals and practices toward increasing start-ups led by faculty might not be the most effective way for universities to stimulate entrepreneurial economic development. 相似文献
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The influence of the university department upon spin-off venture evolution is complex and dynamic. We examine how the university department context influences the spin-off process from the perspectives of both the spin-off venture and the department. By comparing the development of entrepreneurial competencies within spin-offs based in different departments at the same universities we observed significant differences in early venture performance. Small differences in initial departmental support from management and senior academics for gaining commercial experience and spending time exploring the commercial opportunity were seen to have a major impact upon the subsequent spin-off development path. Supported ventures gained momentum as the department helped develop entrepreneurial competencies and influenced how these competencies were developed from external actors outside the department. By contrast, a lack of departmental support for entrepreneurship severely constrained the evolution of spin-offs regardless of university level policies and practices. This emphasizes the need for a shift in focus from the well-studied university level to the relatively neglected department level to help explain institutional differences in university spin-off activity. 相似文献
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美国拜杜法案激活了大学科研及其成果商业化的发展,美国大学技术转移率以及收益都位居世界前列。其中,美国大学科技经理人协会发挥了重要作用。通过研究分析该协会的运行模式,以期为反思和改善大学技术转移工作提供启示。 相似文献
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集群情景下大学衍生企业创业行为的关键影响因素——基于扎根理论的探索性研究 《科学学研究》2013,(1):92-103
集群情景下大学衍生企业的创业实践日益受到来自各领域学者的关注,其中,创业行为的关键影响因素问题日显突出。基于扎根理论,本文提炼了CREC影响因素模型,包括团队创业认知、创业资源整合、创业网络嵌入和集群创业情景4个主范畴,以及对应的16个子范畴;以此为基础,进一步阐释了模型中主范畴的影响机理。研究丰富了现有创业理论,对大学衍生企业的创业实践具有现实指导价值。 相似文献