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本文运用文献资料法等研究方法,分析了青少年田径运动员的科学选材方式,探讨了青少年田径运动员的正确训练方式,以期促进青少年田径运动员的选材和训练的科学发展。 相似文献
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<正> 我国对青少年田径运动员的力量和速度力量训练,习惯采用双腿负荷的训练方法。本文结合青少年田径运动员的生长发育特点,谈点单腿训练的问题,供从事青少年田径训练工作的教练员们参考。在大多数跳跃项目中蹬地都是用单腿来完成的。研究表明,跳远、三级跳远和跳高起跳时,单腿承受的负荷是本人体重的5-7倍。不难理解,对于这种超负荷应该从小有计划地进行训练,特别是对青少年运动员更应如此。然而,在训练实践中我们却不难发现,不仅是青少年田径运动员,就是训练有素的运动员几乎都是用双腿来完成大部分训练的。 相似文献
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青少年田径训练是培养优秀运动员的重要环节,然而,如今的青少年田径训练存在着一些需要关注的问题,比如科学性低、训练手段单一、体能素质发展不均衡、运动损伤多等。功能性训练是一种强调整体全面协调发展的综合训练方法,其通过不稳定训练、核心训练、多关节训练等手段,增强运动员的平衡、灵敏、协调、柔韧等身体素质,减少运动损伤。文章分析了功能性训练对青少年田径训练的影响,提出了功能性训练在青少年田径训练中的运用举措。 相似文献
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业余田径运动员,在训练过程中偏重于专项技术动作而往往忽略了运动员的基础性练习.这样的训练会使得运动员的运动潜力不能充分地被挖掘,同时也会对运动员的身心造成巨大的伤害,通过对在全国范围内随机选取的青少年业余田径运动员功能性动作质量筛查（Functional Movement Screen,FMS）,找出影响青少年业余田径运动员身体发展的限制因素和薄弱环节,分析全国青少年业余田径远动员灵活性和稳定性现状。 相似文献
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运用文献综述法,对青少年运动员田径训练特点及训练的制胜规律进行探讨,结果发现:运动负荷逐渐加大、训练的超量恢 复、训练过程和比赛相结合、防止专项成人化训练等因素是青少年田径运动员训练的制胜规律所在。 相似文献
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田径运动比赛独立性强,有些项目强度要求高,体力消耗大,对田径运动员的心理能力要求也较高。如何培养和增强他们的心理能力,使其在复杂多变的比赛中保持镇静的情绪,并为将来的高水平训练、比赛打下基础,已成为当代田径运动员训练研究的重要课题。本文通过对从事青少年训练的田径教练员心理训练认识的调查。提出青少年田径运动员 相似文献
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从青少年运动训练的目的、任务与特点出发,以项群训练理论为理论依据,提出对青少年田径运动员在同项群中实行兼项训练,是对青少年运动训练理论的补充。本文以山东省20所体育运动学校从事速度力量性项群训练的运动员与教练员为研究对象,通过文献资料法、数理统计法、专家咨询法、调查问卷法、逻辑归纳法,对山东省青少年田径运动员进行同项群兼项训练的现状进行调查研究,发现其中所存在的问题,探究其原因,并提出建议,以期进一步丰富青少年训练理论,为提高青少年运动员的训练质量和成材率提供参考。 相似文献
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为了抓好青少年儿童的田径基础训练工作,探索青少年儿童中长跑科学训练的途径,我们通过座谈、函调等形式对本市八个区的少体校及市体校11名中长跑教练员和120余名青少年中长跑运动员进行了调查,重点了解本市1972年恢复青少年田径训练工作以来开展中长跑训练的一些情况,并据此提出几点粗浅的看 相似文献
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This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue. 相似文献
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Roy J. Shephard 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(7):603-620
The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae. 相似文献
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Alan M. Nevill Roger L. Holder Andrew Bardsley Helen Calvert Stephen Jones 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(4):437-443
A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer. 相似文献
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许良 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(2):1-4
基于1985、1995和2005年全国学生体质调研数据,对各时期我国城乡学生形态、机能、体能发展水平进行系统地定量研究,动态分析20年全国城乡学生体质发展的特点与规律。主要研究结果：（1）近20年城乡学生生长发育持续提前,城市学生各项形态指标生长水平高于乡村,身高城乡差距缩小,体重、胸围城乡差距加大;（2）城市学生肺活量水平高于乡村,城乡学生肺活量20年持续下降,前10年乡村学生下降快、后10年城市学生下降快;（3）乡村学生800m、1000m跑水平高于城市,城市女生50m跑、仰卧起坐水平高于乡村,其他素质城乡学生水平波动较大;（4）城市女生50m跑20年持续下降,城乡学生800m和1000m跑、城市学生50m×8往返跑20年加速下降,其他素质20年间有增有降发展极不平稳。 相似文献
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采用测量、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,分析定向运动学习前后对大学生身心健康的影响.结果经T检验和x2检验且表明：定向运动不仅能增强学生体质健康水平,而且有助于学生的情绪调节,增强自信心与创新意识,培养勇敢顽强的意志品质,建立良好的人际关系,能有效地促进学生身心健康发展.为了全面提高大学生整体素质,积极实践,构建定向运动课内外一体化教学模式,进行定向运动课程模块化教学,以满足学生的多元化需求. 相似文献
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重新认识体育的社会关联 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。 相似文献
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本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。 相似文献
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对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。 相似文献
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提高重大体育赛事风险识别能力的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
范明志 《体育科技文献通报》2011,19(1):120-122
以风险管理理论为基础,采用文献资料法和访谈法,对重大体育赛事风险识别的理论进行了研究.建构了重大体育赛事风险识别的过程模式;提出了重大体育赛事风险识别的技术方法. 相似文献