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1.
黄河断流的气候因子分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
黄河断流存在人为和自然两方面的综合原因, 其中自然因素中又以气候为主要影响因子。本文利用1951年~1999年近百个站点的温度、降水资料，采用泰森多边形法计算了黄河上、中、下游各流域的面雨量和温度，对黄河流域近50年来温度、降水的气候特征进行了分析；根据1920年--1999年近40个站点的温度和降水资料，讨论了温度、降水与黄河断流的关系。结果表明：1922年--1932年气温较高，降水量偏少是造成黄河流域对应时段连续枯水的主要气候原因；最近二、三十年以来的黄河断流，除了温度和降水等气候因子的影响外，人类对黄河水资源不合理的开发利用以及黄河流域生态环境的恶化等因素均具有不可忽视的重要影响。 相似文献
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3.
2003年梅雨期湿位涡异常诊断分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用 的NCEP/NCAR格点分析资料和中国区域站点观测降水资料，在分析2003年江淮流域梅雨期降水及大尺度环流特征的基础上，利用包含降水质量强迫效应的湿位涡方程，阐明在暴雨系统中引起的强降水会造成湿位涡异常。对2003年引起江淮流域暴雨的对流系统进行的湿位涡诊断分析表明，对流层中低层的湿位涡异常区与降水区域有很好的对应关系，可利用湿位涡的异常分布预测降水未来可能的分布形势和走向。 相似文献
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本文使用全国160站逐月降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料月平均数据集,采用滑动平均和合成分析方法,分析了江淮流域24个代表站1951-2012年夏季雨量的年代际变化特征.结果表明,近60年来江淮地区夏季降水存在明显的年代际变化特征。通过对西太平洋副热带高压的合成分析,发现江淮流域梅雨期雨量与西太平洋副热带高压关系密切。主要表现为,当副高位置偏西强度偏大时,江淮地区夏季雨量增多;反之,则雨量偏少。 相似文献
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降水集中度和集中期能定量地表征降水量在时空场上的非均匀性。运用淠河流域12个雨量站点1956年-2010年的逐日降水资料,基于降水集中度和集中期分析了淠河流域近55年来汛期降水的时空特征和变化规律。研究结果表明：淠河流域汛期降水集中度变化于0.69~0.11之间,多年平均值0.31,多年平均降水集中期在40~41候。汛期降水量和集中度呈比较显著的上升趋势,增大了汛期发生洪涝灾害的风险。汛期降水量和降水集中度分别在1983年、1962年发生增多突变,集中期无明显突变。汛期降水量、集中度和集中期序列近55年来都具有显著的3~4年周期振荡。汛期降水量和集中度呈比较显著的正相关,和降水集中期呈微弱负相关,即降水量越大,降水越集中,最大降水量出现的日期越有可能提前。 相似文献
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石羊河流域主要气象要素及径流变化趋势分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在对石羊河流域1956年~2003年诸月与年平均气温、降水及径流资料进行Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验的基础上,运用R/S法分析了流域的年平均气温、降水、径流时间序列的持续性,估算了各项指标的Hurst指数,以定量估计未来气候及径流的变化趋势,并采用随机重排法对估算结果进行了稳定性检验。结果表明:石羊河流域1956年~2003年各月及年平均气温绝大多数都以增温为主;武威和永昌两个站点的年平均降水表现为显著增加,其他站点各月没有显著趋势;古浪河和杂木河年平均径流量减少的趋势显著,其他支流径流量减少趋势不明显;干流各月及年平均径流量减少的趋势十分显著。各站点Hurst指数结果表明,石羊河流域未来的气温、降水、径流变化趋势都表现为较强的持续性,与过去近48年的变化趋势基本保持一致。 相似文献
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利用淮河流域1960-2008年141个气象站的日降水资料,以及王家坝和吴家渡水文站的日实测流量资料,分析研究时段内淮河流域面雨量时空变化特征及水文站实测径流量的响应,初步探讨实测径流量与降水的相关关系。结果表明,1960-2008年淮河流域面雨量呈增加趋势,但增加趋势不显著。淮河流域面雨量年内分配极不均匀,有显著的季节变化,且年际变幅大,区域差异明显。与面雨量相对应,淮河中上游主要水文站实测径流量存在明显年际震荡,这种年际差异在淮河中游更为显著,水资源更加不稳定。近50年来淮河中上游径流量变化趋势和其汇水区域面雨量变化趋势基本一致,两者呈显著的正相关,降水是影响该区域实测径流的一个重要因素,人类活动对实测径流的影响不明显。 相似文献
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采用1981-2010年汛期逐日降水资料、NCEP再分析资料及地形资料,对三江流域汛期暴雨进行天气学分型,选取典型个例对强降水落区与地形进行天气学分析。结果表明:三江流域主要暴雨天气型有:高空槽东移型、暖切变型、冷切变型、低涡东移型、台风影响型,各类型暴雨在各月分布差异较大;高空槽型降水大值点基本都在槽南侧辐合条件最好、且西南气流辐合条件最好的地点;冷切变型和暖切变型降水大值点在切变南侧西南气流辐合条件较好,且西南气流与地形夹角较大站点,低涡型暴雨降水大值点处在低涡南侧或低涡中心附近,西南气流与地形夹角较大站点,台风影响型暴雨由于台风自身云系深厚,螺旋云带区域降水量较大,大值点一般在与台风东部象限风向交角最大站点;地形引起的上升速度使得对流发展引起降水,也能够作为中小尺度的强对流系统的触发机制,造成不稳定能量的释放,在山区的迎风坡暴雨频次数增加,暴雨量增大;利用vb语言开发暴雨个例显示平台,对暴雨研究与预报有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
黄河上游地区云层特征与降水关系的分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用１９９２－１９９６年４－９月黄河上游河曲段部分气象站逐日０２、０８、１４、２０点云量和云状、２０－０８点、０８－２０点降水资料,计算分析了４－９月黄河上游河曲地区主要降水云层。对流云和层状层的云层特征,出现效率、地理分布及其与降水的关系。结果表明,黄河上游河曲地区４－９月层状云出现频率的１５％,其≥０．１ｍｍ降水率的５０％,地理分布以久治为高值中心,由南向北呈递减趋势。对流云出现频率的６０％、 相似文献
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《内蒙古科技与经济》2016,(2)
对锡林郭勒盟(简称锡盟)2014年5月9日~11日降水天气过程的人工增雨作业条件及降水天气系统对人工增雨作业效率的影响进行了分析。结果表明,人工增雨作业必须在一定的天气系统条件下进行,合理把握时机和科学作业是提高增雨效益的关键。此次降水过程,高空环流形势有利于增雨作业的实施;同时从探空资料和云图来看:0℃层高度、低层适宜的风速风向、大范围中低云层的覆盖也是有利于飞机增雨作业的开展。自动雨量站实时雨量资料对作业过程的监测、指挥、效果检验方面发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):2-3
CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing. 相似文献
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Marjorie Armstrong-Stassen Margaret Landstrom Ramona Lumpkin 《The Information Society》1998,14(2):153-164
This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors. 相似文献
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《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1)
With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants." 相似文献
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A joint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology his co-workers from Norway US Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells suggesting that China's projected climate warming could decrease the pest's numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on September .…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):6-7
Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007. 相似文献
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Caroline Haythornthwaite 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):211-226
A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction. 相似文献
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Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies. 相似文献
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Puay Tang 《The Information Society》1998,14(1):19-31
The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means. 相似文献
18.
Milton Mueller 《The Information Society》2001,17(3):151-163
Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP. 相似文献
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Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.…… 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):15-15
Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology. 相似文献
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Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way - at least in theory - to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms' spin states 《中国科学院院刊(英文版)》2008,22(1):23-23
Prof. SUN Changpu from the CAS Institute of Theoretical Physics and coworkers from University of Basel in Switzerland have worked out a way --at least in theory --to split a beam of molecules according to their chirality. The technique involves passing the molecules through three different laser beams and is similar to the famous Stern-Gerlach effect, whereby a beam of atoms passing through a magnetic field is split in two according to the atoms＇ spin states （Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 130403）. 相似文献