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通过对山东省游泳队１８名队员的心电图、脉搏图、肺活量以及最大吸氧量等指标的测量分析,研究了游泳运动员的心肺机能,并与文献报道结果进行了对比评价。结果：山东省游泳运动员的身高、体重、肺功能、女性运动员的最大吸氧量高于文献报道;而男性运动员的最大吸氧量低于文献报道结果。游泳运动员的心电图的异常率为２８％。提示：山东省游泳队女性队员的训练应着重提高最大吸氧量的利用率;而男性队员同时还应注意加强心泵功能的训练 相似文献
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郭红岩 《武汉体育学院学报》2003,37(6):48-49
通过对10～12岁儿童游泳运动员最大吸氧量的测试，表明随着水龄的增加，肺活量水平也在不断地提高，成绩也相应提高，为其打好了有氧代谢供能能力的基础。 相似文献
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在功率自行车上测得的中国皮划艇运动员的最大吸氧量与在皮划艇测功仪上测得的最大吸氧量基本相同.男子皮艇运动员最大吸氧量平均值为4.41L/min和55.59mL/min/kg,男子划艇运动员最大吸氧量平均值为4.50L/min和56.62mL/min/kg,女子皮艇运功员的最大吸氧量平均值为3.15L/min和45.60mL/min/kg.同其他周期性耐力项目运动员的最大氧吸量相比,皮划艇运动员每分吸氧量较高,而以体重计算的最大吸氧量是最低的. 相似文献
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本文通过理论与实践相结合,对无氧阈进行了深入研究和评定。实践表明,采用无氧阈评价耐力训练效果较最大吸氧量更为敏感、准确;耐力训练可明显提高游泳运动员的无氧阈水平;无氧阈可用作评价心功能好坏的指标之一;心血管功能是限制最大吸氧量发展的重要因素。 相似文献
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关于确定什么样的运动生理状态将有助于提高长跑运动成绩的文章,以前多是针对1500米以上距离而言的,而对800米跑则很少有人关注。因此,以下的研究文章将就800米跑中已经确定的运动生理特征与体表成分之间的相互关系作一番调查,包括体表成分,最大吸氧量,(VO_(2max)),省力跑等。请11名男子短跑运动员进行数次100米和300米的冲刺性表演赛跑,并将所得到的数据进行逐步分段的多重回归分析。我们用800米跑所用时间作为一个可变参数,用上面提到的100米和300米跑的次数,体脂率,省力跑和最大吸氧量等数据作为独立的变量,占总参数的比例很大(r~2=0.89)。当把最大吸氧量,体脂率,省力跑等参数填进一个数表模型进行比较分析时(该数表模型包含有100米和300米跑所用时间的参数,其参数是总参数的85％,(?)~2=0.85),所得出的参数并没有什么新的意义。这些数据再一次证明了这一观点:在800米跑中,肌肉里的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)很大一部分是通过无氧代谢途径即糖酵解途径产生并对机体起作用的。 相似文献
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划船运动主要是有氧供能为主的运动项目。最大吸氧量(VO_2max)被公认为是决定运动员有氧能力的主要因素之一,它和耐力成绩呈显著相关。研究表明,耐力运动员的最大吸氧量比其它项目的运动员为高。但由于最大吸氧量主要是由遗传决定的,所以耐力运动员所具有的较高的最大吸氧量主要是由于运动员自然选择、自然淘汰的结果而不是训练的结果。近年来进一步研究发现,耐力运动员的成绩与无氧阈的相关比最大吸氧量更为密切。研究还表明,无氧阈可通过耐力运动训练得到提高。所以测定耐力运动员的最大吸氧量、无氧阀尤为必要,无氧阈 相似文献
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高原训练对游泳运动员血液成分、血乳酸和运动能力的影响 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
高原训练作为一种提高运动员运动成绩的手段，目前在很多运动项目进行了尝试。为了探讨高原训练在游泳训练中的应用及生理机制，在我们以往多次游泳运动员高原训练的基础上，我们制定了这次赛前在昆明(海拔1890米)的高原游泳训练计划。通过比较5名优秀游泳运动员高原训练前3周、高原训练3周、高原训练后3周共9周训练期间，高原前、高原期间和高原后的血液学参数包括红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积、网织红细胞计数、血液促红细胞生成素含量、红细胞内2，3-二磷酸甘油醛含量等的变化，和高原训练前后4mmol／L血乳酸运动强度的游泳速度与心率，发现运动员无氧阈游速增加，有氧代谢能力增强，乳酸耐受能力增强．血乳酸-速度曲线右移，表明此次高原训练提高了游泳运动员的有氧运动员能力. 相似文献
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Traditionally, it has been assumed that during middle-distance running oxygen uptake (VO2) reaches its maximal value (VO2max) providing the event is of a sufficient duration; however, this assumption is largely based on observations in individuals with a relatively low VO2max. The aim of this study was to determine whether VO2max is related to the VO2 attained (i.e. VO2peak) during middle-distance running on a treadmill. Fifteen well-trained male runners (age 23.3 +/- 3.8 years, height 1.80 +/- 0.10 m, body mass 76.9 +/- 10.6 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. The participants undertook two 800-m trials to examine the reproducibility of the VO2 response. These two trials, together with a progressive test to determine VO2max, were completed in a randomized order. Oxygen uptake was determined throughout each test using 15-s Douglas bag collections. Following the application of a 30-s rolling average, the highest VO2 during the progressive test (i.e. VO2max) was compared with the highest VO2 during the 800-m trials (i.e. VO2peak) to examine the relationship between VO2max and the VO2 attained in the 800-m trials. For the 15 runners, VO2max was 58.9 +/- 7.1 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). Two groups were formed using a median split based on VO2max. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2max was 65.7 +/- 3.0 and 52.4 +/- 1.8 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) respectively. The limits of agreement (95%) for test-retest reproducibility for the VO2 attained during the 800-m trials were +/- 3.5 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 50.6 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the low VO2max group) and +/- 2.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for a VO2peak of 59.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (the mean VO2peak for the high VO2max group), with a bias in VO2peak between the 800-m runs (i.e. the mean difference) of 1.2 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1). The VO2peak for the 800-m runs was 54.8 +/- 4.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) for all 15 runners. For the high and low VO2max groups, VO2peak was 59.0 +/- 3.3 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 90% VO2max) and 50.6 +/- 2.0 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1) (i.e. 97% VO2max) respectively. The negative relationship (-0.77) between VO2max and % VO2max attained for all 15 runners was significant (P = 0.001). These results demonstrate that (i) reproducibility is good and (ii) that VO2max is related to the %VO2max achieved, with participants with a higher VO2max achieving a lower %VO2max in an 800-m trial on a treadmill. 相似文献
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儿童最大有氧活动能力的追踪研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
报告了60名10～15岁儿童(31名男童,29名女童)最大有氧活动能力的追踪研究结果。应用Jaeger LE/6型步行机运动,使用Jaeger自动气体分析仪作气体分析,发现男女童的VO_2max、VO_2max/Ht、VO_2max/Ht~2及VO_2max/HR均随年龄增长而增加,VO_2max/Wt及VO_2max/LBM均未随年龄而增长的规律。男童VO_2max绝对值及各项相对值均明显高于女童。以生活年龄为基础的VO_2max年增长值,男童呈随年龄增长而增加的趋势,女童除13～14岁外,呈随年龄增长而减少的趋势;VO_2max/Wt年增长值男女童在年龄组间均未见到规律性的变化。以身高突增高峰年龄(PHA)为基础的VO_2max,男童从PHA-2到PHS 2持续增加,女童从PHA-1到PHA 1呈下降趋势,以后略有上升;VO_2max/Wt年增长值,男童在PHA前为负值,以后为正值并逐渐增加,女童无规律性变化。以生活年龄或以身高突增高峰年龄为基础的最大吸氧量年增长值的个体差异都很大。 相似文献
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对不同年龄、不同性别、不同专业学生VO2max的比较研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对华中师范大学第2附中，华中师范大学体育教育专业与非体育专业学生不同年龄，性别和专业的VO2max的测试，并应用生理学的方法对影响VO2max的主要因素进行了分析，发现不同研究对象的VO2max存在一定的差异，同时发现体育锻炼对人体氧运输系统和VO2max均有一定的影响。 相似文献
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递增工作强度运动时个体无氧阈最大速度的选取及与RPE等级值的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张立 《武汉体育学院学报》1998,(2)
本文研究证明,乳酸阈和通气阈双重拐点结合可作为判断VIATmax的简单可靠方法;较高VO2max相对值和较低心率可使受试者以更快VIAT-max运动而不伴随更多乳酸水平上升;RPE等级值与HLmax、VO2max速度、HRmax和VO2max相关提示RPE受上述生理因素影响。 相似文献
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L D Zwiren P S Freedson A Ward S Wilke J M Rippe 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》1991,62(1):73-78
Thirty-eight female subjects (M +/ SD = 33 +/- 3.0 years) had VO2max measured on the cycle ergometer (M +/- SD = 37.3 +/- 6.4 ml.kg-1.min-1) and on the treadmill (M +/- SD = 41.3 +/- 6.6 ml.kg-1.min-1). VO2max was estimated for each subject from heart rate (HR) at submaximal workloads on the cycle ergometer using the Astrand-Rhyming nomogram (A/R) and the extrapolation method (XTP). VO2max was also estimated from three field tests: 1.5-mile run (RUN) (independent variable [IV] = time), mile walk (WALK) (IV = time, age, HR, gender, body weight), and the Queens College Step Test (ST) (IV = HR during 5-20 s recovery). Repeated measure ANOVA revealed significant mean differences between the criterion cycle ergometer VO2max versus A/R and XTP (20 and 12% overestimation). The WALK, RUN, and ST VO2max values were not significantly different from the criterion treadmill VO2max. The correlation between criterion VO2max estimated from the WALK and RUN were r = .73 (SEE = 4.57 ml,kg-1.min-1) and r = .79 (SEE = 4.13 ml.kg-1.min-1), respectively. The ST, A/R, and XTP had higher SEEs (13-13.5% of the mean) and lower r s (r = .55 to r = .66). These results suggest both the WALK and RUN tests are satisfactory predictors of VO2max in 30 to 39-year-old females. 相似文献
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The relationship between selected physiological variables of rowers and rowing performance as determined by a 2000 m ergometer test 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between selected physiological variables of rowers and rowing performance as determined by a 2000 m time-trial on a Concept II Model B rowing ergometer. The participants were 13 male club standard oarsmen. Their mean (+/- s) age, body mass and height were 19.9+/-0.6 years, 73.1+/-6.6 kg and 180.5+/-4.6 cm respectively. The participants were tested on the rowing ergometer to determine their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), rowing economy, predicted velocity at VO2max, velocity and VO2 at the lactate threshold, and their velocity and VO2 at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1). Percent body fat was estimated using the skinfold method. The velocity for the 2000 m performance test and the predicted velocities at the lactate threshold, at a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol x l(-1) and at VO2max were 4.7+/-0.2, 3.9+/-0.2, 4.2+/-0.2 and 4.6+/-0.2 m x s(-1) respectively. A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that the three predicted velocities were all significantly different from each other (P<0.05). The VO2max and lean body mass showed the highest correlation with the velocity for the 2000 m time-trial (r = 0.85). A stepwise multiple regression showed that VO2max was the best single predictor of the velocity for the 2000 m time-trial; a model incorporating VO2max explained 72% of the variability in 2000 m rowing performance. Our results suggest that rowers should devote time to the improvement of VO2max and lean body mass. 相似文献
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Rabadán M Díaz V Calderón FJ Benito PJ Peinado AB Maffulli N 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(9):975-982
The aim of this study was to determine which physiological variables predict excellence in middle- and long-distance runners. Forty middle-distance runners (age 23 ± 4 years, body mass 67.2 ± 5.9 kg, stature 1.80 ± 0.05 m, VO(2max) 65.9 ± 4.5 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) and 32 long-distance runners (age 25 ± 4 years, body mass 59.8 ± 5.1 kg, stature 1.73 ± 0.06 m, VO(2max) 71.6 ± 5.0 ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)) competing at international standard performed an incremental running test to exhaustion. Expired gas analysis was performed breath-by-breath and maximum oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) and two ventilatory thresholds (VT(1) and VT(2)) were calculated. Long-distance runners presented a higher VO(2max) than middle-distance runners when expressed relative to body mass (P < 0.001, d = 1.18, 95% CI [0.68, 1.68]). At the intensities corresponding to VT(1) and VT(2), long-distance runners showed higher values for VO(2) expressed relative to body mass or %VO(2max), speed and oxygen cost of running (P < 0.05). When oxygen uptake was adjusted for body mass, differences between groups were consistent. Logistic binary regression analysis showed that VO(2max) (expressed as l · min(-1) and ml · kg(-1) · min(-1)), VO(2VT2) (expressed as ml · kg(-0.94) · min(-1)), and speed at VT(2) (v(VT2)) categorized long-distance runners. In addition, the multivariate model correctly classified 84.7% of the athletes. Thus, VO(2max), VO(2VT2), and v(VT2) discriminate between elite middle-distance and long-distance runners. 相似文献
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目的:探讨我国优秀皮划艇运动员有氧能力的评价方法,为制定针对性的训练计划提供参考。方法:以备战伦敦奥运会国家皮划艇队运动员为研究对象,包括8名男子皮艇、7名女子皮艇和6名划艇运动员。利用皮划艇测功仪采用逐级递增负荷至力竭测最大摄氧量、利用4级1 000 m递增强度划船测试乳酸阈(4 mmol/l对应的船速)。结果:伦敦奥运周期我国优秀男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员的绝对最大摄氧量分别为(5.25±0.22)l/min、(3.58±0.22)l/min、(4.85±0.13)l/min;相对最大摄氧量分别为(57.28±3.8 1)ml/(kg·min-1)、(50.92±3.78)ml/(kg·min-1)、(54.72±5.3)1ml/(kg·min-1),,经过3个月训练后男子皮艇和划艇运动员最大摄氧量无明显变化,女子皮艇运动员明显提高;男子皮艇、女子皮艇和划艇运动员乳酸阈船速经过3个月的训练后都明显提高,提高幅度分别为11.92%、3.77%和14.37%。结论:我国伦敦周期优秀皮划艇运动员的最大摄氧量高于国际优秀皮划艇运动员的平均水平,和最大摄氧量比较,乳酸阈表现出更好的训练可塑性,能够更为准确的反映皮划艇运动员有氧能力的动态变化。 相似文献
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Dencker M Thorsson O Karlsson MK Lindén C Wollmer P Andersen LB 《Journal of sports sciences》2008,26(13):1397-1402
Maximal oxygen uptake VO(2max)) is considered the optimal method to assess aerobic fitness. The measurement of VO(2max), however, requires special equipment and training. Maximal exercise testing with determination of maximal power output offers a more simple approach. This study explores the relationship between [Vdot]O(2max) and maximal power output in 247 children (139 boys and 108 girls) aged 7.9-11.1 years. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured by indirect calorimetry during a maximal ergometer exercise test with an initial workload of 30 W and 15 W x min(-1) increments. Maximal power output was also measured. A sample (n = 124) was used to calculate reference equations, which were then validated using another sample (n = 123). The linear reference equation for both sexes combined was: VO(2max) (ml x min(-1)) = 96 + 10.6 x maximal power + 3.5 . body mass. Using this reference equation, estimated VO(2max) per unit of body mass (ml x min(-1) x kg(-1)) calculated from maximal power correlated closely with the direct measurement of VO(2max) (r = 0.91, P <0.001). Bland-Altman analysis gave a mean limits of agreement of 0.2+/-2.9 (ml x min(-1) x kg(-1)) (1 s). Our results suggest that maximal power output serves as a good surrogate measurement for VO(2max) in population studies of children aged 8-11 years. 相似文献