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Groundwater remediation by nanoparticles has收稿日期increasing interest in recent years. This report presents a thorough evaluation of hexavalent chromium removal in aqueous solutions using iron (Fe0) nanoparticles. Cr(Ⅵ) is a major pollutant of groundwater. Zero-valent iron, an important natural reductant of Cr(Ⅵ), is an option in the remediation of contaminated sites, transforming Cr(Ⅵ) to essentially nontoxic Cr(Ⅲ). At a dose of 0.4 g/L, 100% of Cr(Ⅵ) (20 mg/L) was degraded. The Cr(Ⅵ) removal efficiency decreased significantly with increasing initial pH. Different Fe0 type was compared in the same conditions. The reactivity was in the order starch-stabilized Fe0 nanoparticles＞Fe0 nanoparticles＞Fe0 powder＞Fe0 filings. Electrochemical analysis of the reaction process led to the conclusion that Cr(OH)3 should be the final product of Cr(Ⅵ). Iron nanoparticles are good choice for the remediation of heavy metals in groundwater. 相似文献
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Hydroponic experiments conducted to examine the chromiun uptake by C. communis in the presence of different Cr concentrations (Cr6+ 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively) and free histidine supplementation (0.5 and 1.0 mol/L) showed that shoot and root growth of C. communis decreased greatly with increasing Cr concentrations in the medium; and that the species was a typical excluder since it accumulated high concentrations of Cr in roots but comparatively low concentrations in shoots. Chromium in shoots and roots of Cr24 -supplied plants ranged from 329-1880 and 3788-4240 mg/kg DW, respectively, while those of Cr24 -histidine-supplied plants ranged from 478 to 629 mg/kg and 4157-4303 mg/kg DW, respectively. With Cr present in the hydroponic solution, C. communis accumulated more Cr in its tissues. Increasing histidine application to the solution significantly increased chromium accumulation in the plant tissues but could not alter the accumulation pattern of plants although it induced a higher concentration of Cr in its shoots and roots. These features suggested that C. communis may serve as an alternative species in a constructed wetland for phytoextraction treatment of Cr-containing wastewater and for phytostabilization of Cr mining spoils. 相似文献
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Removal of chromium (VI) dissolved in water by intermittent foam separation was implemented with cetyl trimethy-ammonium bromide
as surfactant. The influence of various factors on removal efficiency was systematically studied. The removal efficiency has
a maximum value near pH 4.0; thus, most experiments were carried out at pH 4.0. The orthogonal experiment was conducted to
confirm the optimal operating parameters. The orthogonal experimental results show that when the liquid feed concentration
is 10 mg/L, the pH value of feed solution is 4.00, air flow rates 0.9 L/min, surfactant dosage is 300 mg/L, the maximum removal
efficiency of chromium (VI) reaches 97.80%, and condense multiple reaches 1 711. The kinetic test indicates that the foam
separation of chromium is a first-order process. The equivalent rate constant calculated from the slope is 0.406 4, and the
equivalent rate equation is obtained. 相似文献
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INTRODUCTION Chromium is a commonly identified soils andgroundwater contaminant. Cr(VI) is toxic, carcino-genic, and has great subsurface mobility. In contrast,Cr(III) is relatively non-toxic and immobile. Muchresearch focused on the remediation of Cr(VI) such asadsorption by zeolites (Bowman, 2003) or silicas(Hideaki et al., 2002), chemical reduction by ferrousiron (Buerge and Hug, 1999; Fendorf and Li, 1996) orzero-valent iron (Powell and Puls, 1997; Alowitz andScherer, 2002), b… 相似文献
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实验室含铬废液处理方法的对比研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实验室含铬废液不能直接排放,必须进行回收处理。采用化学还原法处理含Cr（VI）废液,对比研究了以亚硫酸钠、亚硫酸氢钠、抗坏血酸、硫酸亚铁为还原剂还原Cr（VI）的酸度条件、还原剂用量、反应时间等影响因素．结果表明：在最佳参件下,四种还原剂处理含Cr（VI）废液的去除率都在99．9％以上,处理后出水的Cr（VD浓度分别为0．048mg·L^-1、0．018mg·L^-1,0．038mg·L^-1,0．018mg·L^-1,均小于0．5mg·L^-1,达到了国家排放标准,取得了良好的处理效果。综合分析Cr（VI）~除率和经济效益得出亚硫酸氢钠为最佳还原剂。 相似文献
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Hydroponic experiments conducted to examine the chromiun uptake by C. communis in the presence of different Cr concentrations (Cr6+ 100 and 200 mg/L, respectively) and free histidine supplementation (0.5 and 1.0 mol/L) showed that shoot and root growth of C. communis decreased greatly with increasing Cr concentrations in the medium; and that the species was a typical excluder since it accumulated high concentrations of Cr in roots but comparatively low concentrations in shoots. Chromium in shoots and roots of Cr42?-supplied plants ranged from 329–1880 and 3788–4240 mg/kg DW, respectively, while those of Cr42?-histidine-supplied plants ranged from 478 to 629 mg/kg and 4157–4303 mg/kg DW, respectively. With Cr present in the hydroponic solution, C. communis accumulated more Cr in its tissues. Increasing histidine application to the solution significantly increased chromium accumulation in the plant tissues but could not alter the accumulation pattern of plants although it induced a higher concentration of Cr in its shoots and roots. These features suggested that C. communis may serve as an alternative species in a constructed wetland for phytoextraction treatment of Cr-containing wastewater and for phytostabilization of Cr mining spoils. 相似文献
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磁流体对工业废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用共沉淀法制备了粒径为10nm的Fe3O4磁性微粒,分散于水中生成饱和磁化强度35mT的水基磁流体,用此磁流体对模拟与实际废水中Cr（Ⅵ）进行了吸附研究。结果表明,吸附的最佳实验条件为pH=3,温度为45℃,吸附时间为0．5h。用Langmuir等温模型和假二级动力学模型探讨了磁流体对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附机理,该过程为单离子层吸附。在最佳实验条件下,磁流体对实际制革废水中Cr（Ⅵ）的饱和吸附量达66．5mg／g,废水中残N／Cr（Ⅵ）浓度为0．2mg／L,低于工业废水排放的国家标准（0．5mg／L）。 相似文献
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依据重金属残留现场快速检测的要求,利用二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法显色原理制成六价铬检测试纸,对溶液中的六价铬离子发生紫红色的显色反应,设计一种K-means聚类算法对该显色反应图像进行分析,获得聚类分割的彩色目标区域。基于RGB彩色空间模型提取试纸中的R、G、B 3个颜色分量特征值,通过分析彩色图像预处理与切割、拟合R、G、B与浓度之间的关系等阶段,实现基于机器视觉的六价铬检测系统的研究。 相似文献
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当二氧化硫脲用量是还原Cu^2＋为Cu与还原Cr^5＋为Cr^3＋理论值总和的两倍时,使用二氧化硫脲在石灰饱和溶液（pH≈12．8）、沸腾条件下处理铜铬电镀废水,废水中Cu^2＋从31mg／L降为0．4mg／L,Cr^5＋从23mg／L降为0．017mg／L,总铬量由35mg／L降为5．3mg／L,经分析沉淀物为Cu（黑色）、Cu2O、Cr（OH）3趁热过滤后,往滤液中加入FeSO4·7H2O,调节pH至中性,鼓入空气,冷却至得到黑色铁氧体沉淀．经处理后残铜量为0．2mg／L,总铬量为0．035mg／L,PO4^3-由5mg／L降为1mg／L．各项指标优于工业排放标准． 相似文献
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In this paper,environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is applied to characterizing the mineral and element distribution of chromite ore processing residue (COPR).The test results show that Cr-bearing brownmillerite occurs in the rim of COPR particle,while hydroandradite with Cr(Ⅵ) in its structure presents inside the COPR particle.Periclase and calcite occur in the interstitial area.Element analyses show that Ca,Fe and Al are distributed throughout the COPR particle,and Mg exists mostly in the interstitial area or on the particle surface.A lower content of Cr is evenly distributed in the COPR particle,while slightly higher concentration of Cr occurs inside the particle.It is suggested that it will take a relatively longer time for Cr to migrate out of COPR,especially for hexavalent chromium,so the leaching time and the particle size may be two important factors to affect the release of Cr(Ⅵ). 相似文献
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以聚丙烯腈基活性炭纤维(PAN-ACF)为吸附剂,分别进行空气热氧化、硝酸浸渍、过氧化氢浸渍改性处理,对改性处理的PAN-ACF样品进行表征,包括SEM表面形态、比表面积BET、傅里叶变换红外线光谱(FTIR)表面基团以及总表面酸性基团;研究对痕量六价铬的吸附效果,分析PAN-ACF改性对吸附容量的影响。经过过氧化氢浸渍改性处理的ACF3炭微晶尺度变小,导致结构无序化,较大地提升了比表面积,但表面含氧官能团增势不明显;其对微污染水中六价铬的吸附效果最佳,吸附等温线相对于Langmuir方程,更符合Freundlich方程。 相似文献
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Azo dyes discharged in the environment are persistent organic pollutants （POPs）, which are very difficult to remove. We developed a microwave-assisted Fenton-like process to degrade methyl orange （MO）, an azo dye, with hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） catalyzed by chromium compounds coexisting with MO in the solution. Comparison between the Cr（Ⅲ）-H2O2 and Cr（Ⅵ）-H2O2 systems shows＂ that Cr（Ⅵ） has a stronger and more stable catalytical activity than Cr（Ⅲ）, and Cr（Ⅲ） is more susceptible to a change in the acidity or alkalinity of the reaction system. With a Cr（Ⅵ） concentration of 10 mmol L^-1 or a Cr（Ⅲ） concentration of 12 mmol L^-1 in the solution under the microwave irradiation of a power larger than 300 W for 3 min, 10 mmol L^-1 H2O2 can degrade more than 95% of 1 000 mg L^-1 methyl orange; when the microwave power is increased to 700 W, the same amount of H2O2 can degrade all methyl orange in the solution with the same amount of Cr（Ⅵ ） catalyst. Ultraviolet-visible spectrography indicates the cleavage of the azo bond in methyl orange after treatment, suggesting the potential o of this Fenton-like process to degrade azo dye POPs. Reusing waste chromium compounds coexisting with dyestuff in wastewater to catalyze the degradation of azo dyes could be a cost-effective technique for azo dyes and chromate manufacturers and/or users to treat their wastewater and prevent POPs from endangering the environment. This is of particula importance to controlling the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir. 相似文献
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ZHAO Li-jun MA Fang GUO Jing-bo ZHAO Qing-liang 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2007,8(11):1831-1838
In solving the deterioration of biological treatment system treating petrochemical wastewater under low temperatures, bioaugmentation technology was adopted by delivering engineering bacteria into a pilot-scale two-stage anoxic-oxic (A/O) process based on previous lab-scale study. Experimental results showed that when the concentrations of COD and NH4 -N of the influent were 370~910 mg/L and 10~70 mg/L, the corresponding average concentrations of those of effluent were about 80 mg/L and 8 mg/L respectively, which was better than the Level I criteria of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB8978-1996). According to GC-MS analysis of the effluents from both the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and the pilot system, there were 68 kinds of persistent organic pollutants in the WWTP effluent, while there were only 32 in that of the pilot system. In addition, the amount of the organics in the effluent of the pilot system reduced by almost 50% compared to that of the WWTP. As a whole, after bioaugmentation, the organic removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment system obviously in- creased. 相似文献
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Removal of chromium (Ⅵ) dissolved in water by intermittent foam separation was implemented with cetyl trimethy-ammonium bromide as surfactant. The influence of various factors on removal efficiency was systematically studied. The removal efficiency has a maximum value near pH 4.0; thus, most experiments were carried out at pH 4.0. The orthogonal experiment was conducted to confirm the optimal operating parameters. The orthogonal experimental results show that when the liquid feed concentration is 10 mg/L, the pH value of feed solution is 4.00, air flow rates 0.9 L/min, surfactant dosage is 300 mg/L, the maximum removal efficiency of chromium (Ⅵ) reaches 97.80%, and condense multiple reaches 1711. The kinetic test indicates that the foam separation of chromium is a first-order process. The equivalent rate constant calculated from the slope is 0.406 4, and the equivalent rate equation is obtained. 相似文献
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介绍了铬渣的组成、对人类的危害和对环境的污染;结合生产实践,着重探讨了铬渣的各种无害化治理方法;在此基础上,阐述了对铬渣进行资源化综合利用的途径。 相似文献